1 𝑓 1 1 𝑓 𝑓𝑓 1 𝑓 = 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 1 1 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2
1 𝑓 1 1 𝑓 𝑓𝑓 1 𝑓 = 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 1 ∾ − 1 𝑅 2 1 ∾ 1 1 ∾ ∾ 1 ∾ − 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 1 ∾ − 1 𝑅 2
1 𝑓 1 1 𝑓 𝑓𝑓 1 𝑓 = 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 0 𝑛 0− 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0− 0− 𝑛 0− 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 0 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 1 1 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2
1 𝑑 1 1 𝑑 𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑 = 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 0 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 1 1 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 − 1 𝑅 2
1 𝑓 1 1 𝑓 𝑓𝑓 1 𝑓 = 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 𝑛𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0 0 𝑛 0 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛− 𝑛 0 𝑛 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 1 1 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2
1 𝑠 0 1 1 𝑠 0 𝑠 0 𝑠𝑠 𝑠 0 0 𝑠 0 1 𝑠 0 = 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 0− 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0− 0− 𝑛 0− 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛𝑛 𝑛 0− 𝑛 𝑛 − 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2 − 1 𝑅 1 1 1 𝑅 1 𝑅 1 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2 1 1 𝑅 2 𝑅 2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅 2 2 𝑅 2 1 𝑅 2 − 1 𝑅 1 + 1 𝑅 2
find mistakes in equations
A glass meniscus lens (n = 1.5) has a concave surface of radius –40 cm and a convex surface whose radius is –20 cm. What is the focal length of the lens.
n = 1.5
R1= -40
R2= -20
f = 80 cm
Example Problem
Lensmaker’s Equation Problems
A double concave lens has surface radii of 34.2 cm and 23.8 cm. What is the focal length if n=1.52?
Both surfaces of a double convex lens have radii of 31.0 cm. If the focal length is -28.9 cm, what is the index of refraction of the lens material?
A planoconcave lens (n=1.50) has a focal length of -23.4 cm. What is the radius of the concave surface?
A Lucite planoconcave lens (n=1.51) has one flat surface and the other has R= -18.4 cm. What is the focal length?
A symmetric double convex lens with a focal length of 25.0 cm is to be made from glass with an index of refraction of 1.52. What should be the radius of curvature for each surface?
A prescription for a corrective lens calls for +1.50 D. The lensmaker grinds the lens from a “blank” with n=1.56 and a preformed convex front surface of radius of curvature of 40.0 cm. What should be the radius of curvature of the other surface?
Formative assessment
Converging Lenses
The main focus of the optical system is a point of the main optical axis a which the rays are incident parallel to the main optical axis, after they are refracted in the optical system.
If lenses at a distance less than the sum of focal lengths
In a multiple lens system, when the image of the first lens lies behind the second lens, you treat the second lens as a lens of its negative focal length. That is, a converging lens becomes a diverging lens, or a diverging lens can be treated as a converging lens. The ray drawing techniques are applied as usual, and the final image location will be located.
Burns-Schlueter Theorem (BST)
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