Презентация по английскому языку Relative, Сausative & Noun Clauses

The Rule

We use relative clauses to describe or give extra information about something we have already mentioned. We often use relative pronouns (e.g. who, where, that, which, whose) to introduce relative clauses.

Function

A clause is a group of words containing a verb. Relative clauses are a way of giving more information about a person, thing, place, event, etc. We often use them to avoid repeating information.
The people make fires. Their fires are used for cooking.
= The people make fires, which they use for cooking.

Ann is having her hair done.

Subject + have +

object + V3

She is doing her hair.

She is having her hair done.

Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

She has her room painted.
She is having her room.
She had her room painted.
She was having her room painted.
She has had her room painted.
She had had her room painted

Present Perfect Continuous

Future Simple

Infinitive

Ving

Modal verbs

She has been having her room painted.
She will have her room painted.
She wants to have her room painted.
She likes having her room painted.
She should have her room painted.

Change the sentences using the causative forms.

1) I won’t fix the car myself.
I will have the car fixed.
They didn’t repair the fence themselves.
They had the fence repaired.
She isn’t making the dress herself.
She is having her dress made.

They aren’t going to paint the house themselves.
They are going to have the house painted.
They don’t develop their film themselves.
They have their film developed.

Subject: What I had forgotten was that I had a test today.Direct object: You must choose which flavor of ice cream you want.Indirect object: I will tell whoever will listen my frightening story.Object of a preposition: Josie is not interested in whatever Kyle says.Subject complement: Michael's excuse was that he had forgotten to set his alarm.Appositive: It seems to bother the teacher that all the students are being too quiet.

Noun clauses often begin with pronouns, subordinating conjunctions, or other words. The introductory word generally has a grammatical function in the sentence.

Relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose, what
Indefinite relative pronouns: whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whether, if
Interrogative pronoun: who
Interrogative adjective: what
Interrogative adverb: how
Subordinating conjunctions: how, if, when, whenever, where, whether, why

Whoever/Whomever - the correct choice in formal writing is whichever pronoun is correct in the subordinate sentence. In informal speech, using the correct pronoun often sounds pretentious.

Whoever is responsible for this mess needs to clean it up. (Whoever is the subject of the verb is.)
Whomever you hit accidentally deserves an apology. (Whomever is the direct object of the verb hit.)

Sometimes the introductory word is understood.

Daria told me she was going to be late.
Daria told me (that) she was going to be late.

Some noun clauses, especially those used as subjects, begin with that, which seems to serve no function. It makes sense if you include the fact or the idea before it. Some modern English constructions that seem to make no sense are the result of our dropping words.

That we were late to class really upset the teacher.
The fact that we were late to class really upset the teacher.

Complete the sentences by reporting the speaker’s
words in noun clause.

Example: Pedro said, «I will help you».
Pedro said (that) he would help me.

She said, «We ought to plan something».
«Never heard of them», he remarked decisively.
«Don’t look at me», Daisy reported.


Answers:

She said (that) they ought to plan something.
He remarked (that) he had never heard of them.
She told me not to look at her.