США

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The main territory of the United States (known as the continental States) is located on the North American continent and stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the East to the Pacific Ocean to the West. In the southern United States border with Mexico, with Canada to the North. In addition, the United States are still 2. In the extreme north-west of the continent is Alaska, also bordering Canada. In the Pacific Ocean is the State of Hawaii. Border with Russia is passing through the Bering Strait. United States also owns a number of islands in the Caribbean Sea (e.g. Puerto Rico) and the Pacific (American Samoa, Midway Island, Guam, etc.). On the territory of the United States are several major physiographic regions.

The Great Lakes

Niagara falls

The slopes are covered with dense coniferous forest-Cordillera, Appalachian forests of deciduous species —; Prairie. In Northern. Forests cover about 30% of the territory of the country,, but in the South of the State are coniferous and mixed forests. In the northern part of the "continental" part of the United States grow thick mixed forest: spruce, pine, oak, ash, birch. Further South, the forest becomes smaller, but there are such plants as Magnolia and the poor, and on the Gulf Coast are mangrove forests. In the West of the country are semi-arid and arid regions mainly with grass and desert vegetation. In such regions are the most common Yucca, various shrubs and the Mohave desert-Cactus forest ". Higher ground with pine and ponderosa..

The fauna is also represented, respectively, climatic zones in the north this ground squirrels, bear, deer and elk in many rivers, trout, on the coast of Alaska, walrus and seals. In the forests of the eastern United States inhabited by grizzly bears, deer, fox, wolf, skunk, badger, squirrel and a large number of small birds. Gulf Coast can be found such exotic birds as pelicans, flamingos, green kingfisher. Here are found several species of alligators and poisonous snakes. On the Great Plains at one time lived tens of thousands of buffalo, but now they are left very little and mostly in national parks. In mountainous areas, the western United States can meet these large animals, like elk, deer, pronghorn, mountain goat, brown bear, wolf, bighorn. In desert regions inhabited mostly reptiles (including rattlesnake), and small mammals such as opossum.

World's largest economy. Many natural resources, including energy and raw materials. High-tech manufacturing. Development of scientific research. Well-developed services sector, competitive industry. Multinational companies such as «Ford», «General Motors» and Exxon. The leading manufacturer of software. A good system of higher education, especially in high technology. American businesses thrive thanks to the wide spread of American culture in the world. The world's largest exporter of goods. Political stability, qualified staff.

Recently, a reduction in the number of jobs in the industry. Globalization, the leakage of jobs to countries with cheap labor (in 1945 almost 50% of world production came from the U.S. and in the 1990s. - 25%). Fierce competition in the field of technology with the countries of East Asia and the European Union.
External debt exceeds $ 14 trillion U.S. dollars.

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, adopted on December 15, 1791, declares the separation of church and state that the founding fathers understood as a prohibition on state establishment of religion, like the one that took place in the UK. According to a study conducted in 2002 Pew Global Attitudes Project, United States - the only developed countries, where most people say that religion is "very important" in their lives.
The U.S. government does not keep official statistics on religion. According to the CIA World Factbook for 2007, 51.3% of the U.S. population consider themselves Protestants, 23.9% - Catholics, 12.1% do not belong to any denomination, 1.7% - the Mormons, and 1.6% - members of other Christian denominations, 1.7% - the Jews, 0.7% - Buddhists, 0.6% - Muslim 2.5% - other or not specified, 4% - atheists.

Indianischen Stämme bewohnten das Gebiet der Vereinigten Staaten über 10 tausend. vor Jahren, und ihre Nachkommen blieb vorherrschende ethnische Komponente bis zum Ende des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts. Moderne Einwohner sind Nachkommen von den relativ neuen (XVII-XX Jahrhunderte) Vertriebenen aus Europa (vor allem Western) und Afrika. Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass der vollständige Titel der Amerikaner nur die Kinder der Einwanderer geboren in den Vereinigten Staaten erhalten. Das Land bleibt eine klare Trennung zwischen Ausländern und Einheimischen, zwischen, denen es eine bedeutende kulturelle und sprachliche Distanz ist. Diese Unterscheidung jedoch Unterteilungen. Amerikaner USA ist eine vielfältige, heterogene Nation mit Konflikt Zusammensetzung. Dominant in jeder Hinsicht und in den Regionen (mit Ausnahme von Hawaii) ist derzeit die kaukasischen Rasse — kamen aus dem Vereinigten Königreich, Deutschland, Irland und anderen europäischen Ländern. Weiter sind Afro-Amerikaner, Asiaten, Hispanics, Indianer und andere, die mehr als ein Drittel der Bevölkerung ausmachen.

The most common native language in the United States - English. They, like their mother tongue, hold 215.4 million people from 293 million Americans (73.5%).
Spanish is the mother tongue of 28 million U.S. residents (10.7%).
Followed by: French (1606790), Chinese (1,499,635), German (1,382,615), Turkish (about 1,172,615), Tagalog (1.22424 million), Vietnamese (1,009,625), Italian (1008 370) and Korean (894 065).
Russian language occupies 11 th place in the number of carriers in the U.S. - over 700 thousand (0.24%). The largest number of Russian-speaking population in the State of New York (218 765, or 30.98% of all Russian speakers), at the very least - in Wyoming (170, or 0.02%).
The highest proportion of Russian speakers - in Alaska - about 3% or less understand the Russian language, and about 8.5% of the population are Orthodox Christians. This is a consequence of past supplies throughout the state of Russia.
In the state of Hawaii and Hawaiian English language have official status. Some of the island territories also provide formal recognition of indigenous languages​​, along with English.

At the capital of the new state after the American Revolution, claimed many of the city. So in 1790 it was decided to build a new city near the Potomac River. The capital was named Washington in honor of the first president, George Washington. The first architect who planned and designed the city, was the Frenchman Pierre Langfang.
Washington - the capital of the United States since 1800. Washington as a separate city was abolished as a result of administrative reform in 1873, so the capital of the United States officially called District of Columbia.
According to the U.S. Constitution and the Law on Residence, DC has a special status as the capital of the federal state.
Area - 0.2 thousand km ².
Population: Within the Federal District of 602 thousand inhabitants (2010). With the suburbs (in Maryland and Virginia) - 5.4 million inhabitants (2010).