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Solutions

Upper-intermediate Workbook

with audio CD

Tim Falla, Paul A Davies                                                                                   OXFORD

11 likes disagreeing with people.

12 always does what is considered normal and acceptable by most people.

13 is the opposite of the person in 12.

14 plans their work and life carefully and thoroughly.

15 tries to behave sensibly and doesn't laugh much.

16 wants to be successful and rich.

17 is reliable and trustworthy.

18 is energetic and friendly towards Other people.

2 Choose four adjectives in exercise which can have both a positive and negative connotation in your opinion.

unäI Out Ofthe

2    Read an extract from The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers (1917—67). Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1    The family have just eaten.

2    The job Hazel has heard about is in a shop. 3 The family don't want Mick to take the job.

3    Find and underline evidence in the text Which implies that

1    it's getting dark.

2    the father is looking forwork.

3    Mick is a girl.

4    Mick is fourteen years old.

5    Ralph isa small young boy.

6    the family are very short Of money.

Listen to the next part of the story. Choose the correct words to complete the summary.

Mick feels texcited about / ashamed of her initial reaction to the job. The salary is SIO za week / a month, Which is 'quite a lot Of I not much money. Bill earns •the same as this I more than this. Mick wants to buy sa piano I some dresses and shoes but she doesn't say so. Mick •thinks carefully / hardly thinks at all before offering to take the job. Mick thinks that it's 'a permanent, full-time job a holiday job. The family are •happy with / uneasy about Mick's decision.

able to work,' she said. •I found out about this job today.'

'What kind ofjob?' asked their Dad. 'Anything I could do, or just for girls?' 'Just for a girl. A clerk down at Wooluorthk is going to get married next

'The ten-cent store —' Mick said.

•you interested?'

The question took her by surprise. She had just been thinking about a sack of wintergreen' candy she had bought there the day before. She hot and tense. She rubbed her bangs2 up from her forehead and counted the first few stars

Their Dad flipped his cigarette down to the sidcnvalk. 'NO,' he said•We don't want Mick to take on too much responsibility at her Let her get her growth out. Her growth through with, anyway.' 'l agree with you.' Hazel said. 'I really do think it would be a

Mick to have to work regular. I don't think it uould be right'

Bill put Ralph down from his lap and shuffled his feet on the

•Nobody ought to work until they're around sixteen. Mick            two more gears and finish at Vocational — ifwe can make it.'

'Even ifwe have to give up the house and move down in X*n,• their

Mama said, 'I rather keep Mick at home for a while.'

For a minute she had been scared they would try to corner taking a job. She would have said she would run away from the they took the attitude they did touched her. She felt excited. were all talking about her — and in a kindly way. She the first scared feeling that had come to her. Ofa sudden she (fthe filmily and a tightness came in heé throat.

wintergreen a plant used to flavour sweets bangs fringe (Of hair) unit I Out of the

3 According to the article, a it's impossible to understand why some people have particular talents and some do not.

b    we have a fixed set Of genes and can therefore only develop in one direction.

c     genes have a significant effect on physical and mental characteristics, but do not precisely determine them.

d    our personality and intelligence are determined by the life we lead rather than our genes.

4 Kevin Rathunde and Samuel Whalen suggest that a we could all be geniuses if we worked hard enough.

b    supreme talent is the result of inherited natural talent followed by hard work.

c     genetic factors alone determine ability. d most Of us are doomed to be mediocre.

 The author of the article  is optimistic about young people's capacity to explore their potential.

 believes that it is easy for children to achieve

greatness.

 believes that we can never really know what we are capable of.

2    Use six of the prepositions and exercise I to complete the text

3    Read the text. Choose the correct answers. 1 Which is true about Ted Williams?

a He claimed that he had no natural ability at all. b He believed that his success was due to hard work. c His own explanation of his achievements has been rejected by scientists.

d He lied about his natural talent.

2 During the 20th century, it was Widely believed that a intelligence has very little to do with DNA.

b genes do not affect behaviour because they are

sometimes •switched off'.

 Our genes interact With our environment.

 the majority of people are of average intelligence and can do nothing about it.

6 1                 Out Ofthe

The Success Myth

Where do great musicims, great mathematicians and that we all have the potentktl to be like.       Lionel get their talent? For           now we  Such a claim flies in the face of reax»n, The have that rnœt ot them cue simply torn with   genes we inherit clearly matter. cs do genetic difterenæs a talent that ordinary leople do not have.    EaseEa11             EEtween indMduals These differences often give legend Williams claimed that his achievements had a     advcmtage In ter ms of abilities. such as

                                                           Intelligence and talent are not innate,                  them; what

pre-determined or

How dœs this view of the role of genes change our understanding Of individual talent and abilities?              this new way of thinking it was csumed that we simply inherited our talents and abilities,   it now tEX1t genes don't matter,

we do With them. With humility. with       and with extraordinary

greatness something to which anyone - of any age —       .

Unit 1 Outofthe

I Ify0u arrange (see) a show with a friend but the friend cancels, do you a risk(go) on your own?

b invite a different friend (go) with you?

2    If you're at the cinema with friends and you don't like the film, do you a walk out and agree(meet) them afterwards?

b  decide(find) outWhat your friends think first?

3    Ifyou need (go) shopping to buy a new outfit, do you a go by yourself and expect(find) What you want?

b  persuade a friend (go) with you and help you to choose?

4    If you're with friends and they all fancy

(watch) a DVD that you've already seen, do you

a  encourage your friends(choose) something different?

b say nothing even though you don't want (watch) it?

2 Choose

on

station.

b Stop to criticise me!

I regret to tell I that you've lost your place in the football team.

b I regret not to revise I much before my exams.

5    a Jason studied French at university and went onto become / becoming a teacher.

b  He went on to eat/ eatingeven though he wasn't hungry.

6    a I'll never forget to meet/ meeting the Queen.

b  I forgot to buy / buying bread on theway home.

7    a As looked out Of the window I could see Fran walk / means the same as the first sentence. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1   We are thinking about going away this Christmas.

(consider)

Wethis Christmas.

2   1 finally succeeded in solving the Sud0ku puzzle.

(manage)

I finallythe Sud0ku puzzle.  Martha told me that I should see a doctor. (advise) Marthasee a doctor.

4    It wasn't easy for me to do this calculation. (have difficulty) this calculation.

5    1 told Harry not to forget to text me When he got home.

(remind)

Julian with his homework.

some sport at the weekend. 8 go to the music festival. (let) the music festival.

9 car at the garage down the road. (got) at the garage down the road.

walking up the garden path.

b I saw Ben ride / riding down the road and fall / falling Off his bike.

81                 Outofthe

student answering the examiner's questions. Do With her opinions? Why? / Why not?

I DO you think the boys in photo A mind wearing school uniform? Why do you think so?

2 Do you think school uniform is a good idea? Why do you think so?

Which Of the phrases below does the student in exercise 1 use? Listen again and tick the ones you hear.

    I should think                                        Maybe/Perhaps

    I'd Say                                                       They look like

      They 100k as if                                          They Obviously

     They 100k as though                                                                                   6 Answer these questions.

They could/may/might be

1 Why do you think the doorman is stopping the people

      It's clear from the photo that                                                                            from coming in?

3 Describe photo a. Write sentences describing the people's

(a) clothes (b) hair (c) make-up (d) jewellery

(e) expressions. Use the words in the box to help you.

IG WRITING Description of a person

I can write

Preparation

1    Read the exam writing task and jumbled model text. Match paragraphs       with headings      below.

A    Since studying history in Miss Simpson's class, it has become my favourite subject and I want to go on to study it at university. She is a person 1 100k up to and consider to be a role model. I feel that I owe her a lot and I hope that my history teachers at university are as

inspiring.

B    She's an excellent teacher and is always very encouraging. She comes across as very perceptive and sensitive. I guess teaching can be quite stressful, but she seems to take things in her Stride and hardly ever gets flustered or angry. However, she doesn't tolerate rudeness or lateness, speaks her mind, and she tells people off for talking when she's talking. I don't mind that, but some of my classmates regard her as a bit strict. She's very good at holding the class's attention (unlike some Other teachers!) and she makes history, Which can be a little boring at times. really come alive.

C    A person Who has undoubtedly had a huge influence on me is my history teacher, Miss Simpson. I've known her for the past two years, since I started at upper-secondary school.

D   She's in hereartythirties and is quite tall and slim. She's got short. red hair and a friendly smile. She's got blue eyes and she sometimes wears glasses. As far as clothes go. she tends to wear a skirt and a blouse or she sometimes wears trousers, but she always looks smart and elegant.

Heading 1: Introduction and background information

Heading 2: Appearance

Heading 3: Personality

Heading 4: Conclusion and feelingsabout the person

2    Complete the phrases for describing people with the words in the box.

1 Out of the

5    people       her as 4 adjective

6    People       her ± adjective

7    Some          find her ± adjective

8    She             adjective 4 at times.

3    Tick the phrases in exercise 2 that appear in the model text in exercise I. Underline them in the text.

Find two examples Of phrases for making contrasts in the model text in exercise 1.

Writing guide

5    You are goingto do the exam writing task in exercise I. Plan your description using the chart below.

6    Write your description (200—250 words). Follow the paragraph plan in exercise I and use the notes you made in

exercise 5.

Rich and poor

2    Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 1. Use an appropriate form Of the verbs.

1   

: sheat least half of it every

month.

2    She got intowhen she was a student and she still owes thousands.

3    My grandparents' house is in a terrible state, but they can'tto renovate it.

4    My uncle used to be well-off, but he millions on a business that failed.

5    The company has moved to smaller offices in an effort to reduce its

6    If you're living on a low     , it's essential to carefully.

3    Draw lines to match words in box A with words in box B that mean the same. Then write three informal words below.

poor

 Complete the dialogue with the correct form Of used to                  3 Choose the correct answers.

(affirmative, negative or interrogative). 1 1 practise the guitar every day, butl a didn't use to b wouldn't c used to 2 loe hates eggs, but hethem.

a would like     b used to like        c didn't like  When Elsie was young. sheballet lessons twice a week for ten years.

a 'd goto b used to go to c wentto  I don't let my dog in my room now because it Stop jumping on my bed.

                                                                                                                                   a wouldn •t              b didn't use to               c would

                                                                                                                               5 My neighbourAdele's piano teacher.       

                                                                                                                                    a •d be                    b would be                      c used to be

6 I love W him funny.

a b never used to find c didn't find

 Brandon You see that house on the corner? My dad live there With his parents.

Millie                                  Really? It's huge! 2          your family be rich?

Brandon I suppose so. My grandparents run a department store_

       Millie        Why did it close?

Brandon I don't know. My grandparents s talk about it very much.

2 Replace used to With would in these sentences. possible.

1    My grandfather never used to go out without a

2    We used to live in Washington, D.C.

3    1 used to go to the sweet shop every afternoon.

4    We didn't use to talk to our parents about school.

5    When Harriet was young, she used to go dancing every night.

6    Our dog used to be scared Of cats.

2

2    vuSTENING6 Listen to a radio report about Kenneth Robinson. What is the best summary? Choose a, b orc.

a    A man bought a house very cheaply and then made a profit by selling it for $300,000.

b   A man paid $16 to move into a $300,000 house, but had to leave after eight months.

c    A man left his $300,000 house and When he returned, squatters had moved in.

3    Listen again. Are these sentences true

(T) or false

1    When Kenneth Robinson moved into the house, it needed a lot Of improvements.

2    Mr Robinson paid $16 in legal fees before he moved into the house.

3    Public reaction to Mr Robinson's actions was mixed.

4    By the time a judge instructed Mr Robinson to leave the house, he had already gone.

5    Mr Robinson has made money by talking and writing about his experiences.

Squatter becomes legal owner

of a smart West London apartment block are furious that an unemployed man who has never paid any rent has become the legal owner of a groundflat estimated to be 2 £311)cm Ian Baxter. who to be On IT engineer before being made redundant in moved nto the flat shortly after losing his job. 'It was a low point in my life. I out of work withmoney and nobody to turn to' he explains. 'l afford the rent on my previous flat. so I looked for somewhere to squat - and found this. It was in a terrible state when I first moved in, but I gradually improved it and made a home out of it.'

In the fifteen years he has been in the flat, Baxter has replaced all the electrical wiring. installed central and fitted double glazing. As a squatter than an official resident. he has no rent during that time. However. he has contributed Bw-a-',ear maintenance fee which all residents of apartment block are asked to pay.

Most of the other inhabitants of the block were Baxter' situation until a recent article in the local drew to his court case. Mr Baxter order to claim ownership ot his flat on the b:rsis been resident there for more than twelve the fact that he was a case.'If I mcn.'ed in and would have caused problems for the whole Baxter. 'There was much cats could have been a major risk or a residents should be thanking me. not helped preserve the value ot their

• Rich and poor

2    Complete the second conditional form Of the verbs in the box.

mison half to chart'

a pron for less than $5.

3    You       in debt ifyou

carefully!

4    Match the questions (1—9) with the texts (A—C).

Which person

1    went abroad to work?

2    spent three decades working?

3    has set up a new charity?

4    felt guilty about spending too much money on things that weren't essential?

5    does not feel guilty about not passing on any money?

6    has helped                people set up their own businesses?

used to lie about being rich?

8                                             is     exactly how much money has been given

9                                             about how to lead a similar lifestyle?

Translate these sentences from the text into

                                            1                                 dedicated much Of his adult life

•ah

2                                                          he made. the emptier he felt.

I

3                                                          He despised the wealth and the wealthy people with whom he had surrounded himself.

the books

4                                                         

4    If nobody              their taxes on time, what

5    If l more affluent. I afford to go skiing twice a year.

3 Read texts A—C opposite. Which of these statements are true for all three people?

1   They were born into a rich family.

2   They worked hard to become rich.

3   They do not believe money brings happiness. 4 They have given money away.

 4 1 Unit2

•aes To RAGS

Karl Rabeder

Kart         Wtwn it hit him. He                the the wealthy people with whom he had himsetf_ thing to do - get rid of it all.

48. had his adult life to making money. After university, started a     and the   of 32, he was a millõnaire.

c.æ trcrn a bækgrcn_.nd, and his mother nad told him a of s'xcess. But more money he made, the emptier

on a glid« trip in Argentina. Rabeder met people Who just neeœd a few hwWed to up businesses. He began giving out most was that when he returned a year

'I fett if €200 could make SLEh a differeme, what am I                 svmcúng arrnnt   nice

his off €1,000 a month

—           he earn ard a life coach. "wish to give some kind Of braveness to Other just tea

Sara

'•æatth always associated with traunw st•æ         rmtrær   lea•irg

                         She        to live with

nmthS later she farer         a new car she started university.          this made fæ          Of an       Stæ didnt enjoy hwing more than others; she             to             ttæm.

atnn her background. pretended she              a stu•nt grant like

After uniwrSity, She trmelled throuffi Astraiia ard t'æ USA with future husband, Hagh. It was now the 70s -

activists. antiot£lear protesters, and became              as a         was         tor who she was rather than for her background.

she knew that her inheritance was for thõg œ-ðy — in total? Robin smiles and says stæS rwt good with ax»ut £10.CO:) to £20,000 a year.

much.' She stops.                   then you

Brian Burnie

Hali h       is almost 200 years Old, and Brian Burnie has smt £18 millim rethildiN it hto a hotel. He bought it in

1993. at which time it was derelict. The to   it             a fanily home       a hotel. and to give the

Nas to a

Cancer Care. Then. so

Wife St•urley was nut S M'en Burn•e would sell Doxtord Hall arxi use træ mono' to start a ctwity tcr to and trom hospital.

Burnie descrit»s his tEkgmM1d as His fattv          a t'.iidiN site, his nwther was a housewife. He his               eWns, hard at tüS later returned to education and studied a frierxi up a firm of         wnich he ran for 30 years. Although he                a of

NOW he says he's done his lifes work. tt• that            to            is the

He his three children are rx't intvitirg his •æath. either. which is lucky because he wcRJ1dnt hae left it tor them

•As a lwent. test thing can give your children is time, Its not

Match the sentence halves. Complete sentences

the past perfect continuous.

 My hand was hurting because I

2 Jenny had tears in her eyes because She

 They had to give their dog a bath because it

4 Beth felt confident about her exams because she

 We got evicted from our flat because we

6 Tom decided not to go Out because he

(write) postcards all morning.

(play) in a muddy field.

(not feel) well.

(not pay) our rent.

(watch) a hilarious film. (work) hard all term.

2    Invent your own endings for these sentences. use the past perfect continuous.

3    Complete the second sentence as the first sentence. Use the past perfect simple.

I I ate my dinner, then I went upstairs.

After I'd eaten mi

2    1 had a shower, then Susie arrived.

When Susie

3    We swapped numbers, and the next day he called.

The day after

4    She tidied her room, then she went out.

After she

5    She missed the class, so she didn't do the homework.

Because she

6    He finished his dinner and washed up his plate.

When he

6 1 unit2

correct).

I Sara hadn't heard me knock at the door because she to music.

a   had listened C] b had been listening

 Before their goalkeeper was sent off, Chelsea easily.

           a had won                             b had been winning

Ben so much during the meal that he hadn't eaten his food.

        a had talked                      b had been talking

5    We didn't know what homework we had to do because attention to the teacher.

a   hadn't paid [2       b hadn't been paying

6    1 was really annoyed that I left my book on the train because Ireading it.

a   hadn't finished     b hadn't been finishing

5    Complete the sentences With the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verbs in the box.

3   According to the police, the accident happened because both carstoo fast.

4   In the first round he played Nadal, Whothe tournament three times already.

 My dad retired early from his job because he a bad back for years.

6    I found five coins down the back Of the sofa, although in fact I  for my keys.

2    OUSTENlNG7 Listen toa student describing the photo. Which words from exercise 1 does she use? Circle them.

3    Match the extreme adjectives (1—10) with the normal adjectives in the box. You need to use some adjectives more than once.

language.

 Apparently, my parents had told my uncle and aunt what to buy me.

2    Unfortunately, it wasn't quite what I wanted.

3    Obviously, didn't say anything to my uncle and aunt.

4    Luckily, they didn't realise how disappointed I was.

5    To be honest, I've never mentioned it since.

7 Now write your own answer to the examiner's question.

Unit 2 • Rich and poor

Preparation

I Read the story, ignoring the gaps. What was the exam writing task? Choose the correct words.

2 Complete the story With the words in the box.

Writing guide

4    Read the exam writing task below. Then choose one of the scenarios below and think Of a positive consequence.

5   
Plan your story using the chart below. Use the scenario you chose in exercise 4 or your own ideas.

3    Divide the story into four paragraphs according to the four stages below. (There is more than one possible answer.) Stage I: Setting the scene • It

Stage 2: The first event

Stage 3: Events that follow

Stage 4: The resolution

 unit 2

     1       Get Ready for your Exam

EXAM TASK - Reading

Read the text. Choose the correct answer, A, B, C Or D, for questions 1—4.

On his way home, the man

A   was scared because he was all alone on the road. B was in a hurry since it was already after midnight.

C took the wrong turn at the crossroads and got lost. D wanted to enjoy the pleasant weather a little longer.

When he met the woman.

A   he was puzzled at her being Without company.

B    she spoke too quietly for him to hear her.

C    he had to apologise because he had insulted her.

D   she suspected he had bad intentions.

The man felt Obliged to help her because he A feared she might be in pain.

B   could see she was disorientated.

C   wanted to solve the mystery surrounding her. D was beginning to like her very much.

4    The woman was suspicious of the man because

A she didn't like the fact that he was questioning her.

                                                                                                                             B he had pretended not to hear somebody calling after

                                                                                                                           them.                   

C she thought he might know someone Who had hurt her. that they both knew Limmeridge

Get Ready your Exam I

 You are going to hear five people talking about their plans for the future. Match the speakers (1—5) with the phrases (A—B. There is one phrase that you do not

and travelling.

B   Getting a job before university, as my parents won't be able to support me.

C   Alternating work and travel according to a fixed plan.

D  My family Will help me financially while I get professional experience. Learning and earning while gaining hands-on experience.

Maybe a Study-related job and visiting family.

Choose the correct answer. A B or C. to

I Get Ready for your Exam 1

Describe the                below and answer the questions.

•hat is the mother thinking? 2 Or casual clothes? Why?

occasion when you wore very Smart

below.

rg is running a new feature called My

Character. We would like you to write about character from a book you've read

Ifwe decide to publish your entry we will 50 euros.

article Of 210—230 words for the website. Say •ho your favourite character is, What book he/she is from and Why they are your favourite.

bur article should include:

•  a title.

•  a description of the character.

•  some things the character does.

•  reasons why they are your favourite.

Write your article in the appropriate style and format.

                                                                                                                                               2 A with                    B by                   C through

Generations

1    Match the sentence halves (1—15) with a—o. 3 Complete the phrases With the correct preposition in the box, 1 1'm on the same wavelength as Joanna.if needed. Some prepositions can be used more than once.

2    1'm wary Of Emily.

3    1 adore my grandad.

4   
I look up to my big brother.               I trust my sister.

a   I'm not Sure she's completely honest.

b   I can tell her anything and she'll nevertellanyoneelse-              something C I couldn't imagine life Without him.             4 flatter d We agree about almost everything.            5 flirt e I always listen to what he says.            6 insult

6    1 admire my dad.     a              7 lecture

8

7    1'm very close to my brother.

9

8    I despise Jack.

9    I feel sorry for the man Who lives next door.   10 tease

Il

12 f He's cowardly and dishonest. g He's achieved so much in life. h He's had a really hard life. i We share all the Same hobbies.

j We can talk to each Other about anything.

11 I have nothing in common with my sister.

3    Where do you live?

4    Where is the ticket office?

5    Would you be willing to answer some questions?

6    Will you be eating at home this evening?

7    What time do

8    Why are you laughing?

 Ed ate one ofthe sandwiches.

? The ham one.

3 Adam made Eve cry.

? Adam did. 4 George met Emma at Sam's party.

? Emma.

5 Fred was flirting with Sara.

? Fred was.

Read the statements. Write subject or object questions.

Something is making a strange noise.

2 One Of the boys will play in goal.

Pete has got something in his bag.

What

4 Marcus gave you somethingto eat.

What

Something is missing from the cupboard.

What

6   Jess saw somebody in the park.

7   rd like One Ofthose pizzas.

Which

8   Somebody phoned Sally last night.

Who

2    Listen to the indirect questions. Write the equivalent direct questions.

3

4

6

8

3    Read the statements and then write subject or Object questions for the answers given.

1 Toby ate the apple.

Toby did.

The apple.

3

b is a result Of medical

2    OUSTENING Listen to the radio programme and complete the facts With the correct numbers.

World population facts

•   The world population is about             billion.

•   Life expectancy in the 1950s was about Z years. From 2000 to 2010 it was about years.

healthcare.

c         is very alarming and can't be viewed as a success.

d        will remain stable over the next 60 years2 According to Professor Jenkins,  the growing population has led governments fight childhood diseases and improve healthcare.

b   the limited amount of natural resources will slow down population growth.

c    the growing population could cause more damage to the environment.

d   feeding young people is more difficult than feeding old people.

3    In most wealthy countries a there are lots of young people to guarantee economic growth in the future.

b   people are worried that their populations will increase. c young people aren't interested in getting jobs and working hard.

d birth rates are often worryingly low.

4    In many poor countries a the governments have difficulty educating young people and creating jobs for them.

b   a lot of young people don't want to complete their education.

c    young people are helping to boost economic growth. d healthcare and jobs are only available to Older people. Women are likely to decide to have fewer children if a population growth continues to increase.

b    death rates remain high.

c    they think their children will live to become adultsd their children are guaranteed a good education.

Use the Internet to find

       . Around •                  % of the world population is under 25.                     the current population of

• By 2050 the world population is expected to reach         a China   b India billion.      2 when the world population passed

3    Carefully read the multiple-choice questions in exercise 4 a 1 billion and check that you understand everything. b 3 billion

c 6 billion

Unit3 • Generations

4    Match the gaps (1-6) in the text with six of the sentences (A—H) below. There are two sentences that you do not need.

A     These experiences. near to their homes, have left young people fearful for their own safety.

B     However, the government is going to invest £50 million.

C     For example, youth-on-youth violence and anti-social behaviour among teenagers is rising.

D     On average, we spend 17p for each young person per day on youth services — and this has to change.

E     As a result, they hung around On the streets.

 It isn't clear how we can move forward from here.

G Recommendations include a •youth hub' in every community to tackle anti-social behaviour and crime.  They said to give young people more of a stake in communities and give them more opportunities.

3 Read the article opposite. What is the best summary of the conclusions? Choose a. b or c.

a    The government needs to provide more money so that teenagers are less bored and more involved in their communities.

b   Most teenagers are valuable members of the community, but the government needs to focus on the small minority who become involved in crime.

c    There are enough recreational facilities for young peop e, but more money needs to be spent on dealing With the consequences Of teenage crime.

eW statistics in the Youth Review— in Britain prepare to holidays, over one million t— wandering the streets because there year -long enquiry consulted 16.000 mmends radical action to

The Youth Review was undertaken by

4ChiIdren and supported by Nestlé_ It c— a               Of unprecedented debate about the weláre               people in the UK _ Recent statistics demonstrate worrying trends many aspects of teenagers lives.

-8esearchers spent twelve months touring each region Of the and consulting over 16,000 teenagers to find out what life is truly like for young peoNËtoday in the UK how they themselves believe that improvements can be

publicising the Review today, pop star and youth icon

Allen said: •I want to see a new start for teenagers in communities where they have nothing to do, nowhere to and nowhere to call their own. The Youth Review has consulted 16,000 teenagers across the country and their was clear. The number of teenagers

             ^L                                         problem for us all and instead Of

Only after they re in crisis, we need to Stop them getting into trouble in the first place.' The Review discovered:

young people in deprived areas have been victims their own community.

said that, in their opinion, young people involved in anti-social behaviour because they were

than 70% Of eleven- to sixteen •year •Olds said that witnessed anti-social behaviour over the last whilst 12% Of young people belong to a gang.

said they had nowhere to and to do outside school. s

•                                          62% said that they did not know where to go to get help or information if they needed it.

•                                          Youth crime costs up to £13 billion per year compared to £1.6 billion spent by government on positive prevention and youth programmes, It costs E 35,000 to put ayoung in a detention centre for a year.

Review is calling for an urgent transformation of

—t teenagers. It recommends a programme of investment and action to provide positive for all young people, With early support and troubled teenagers to prevent difficulties

•                                          in æry community providing

as wen as

creative arts.       aM          —tion and supÞrt for teenagers in difficulty.

•                                          intervention teams' to work in areas of high &Btvation and unrest, offering teenagers specialist and positive support.

•                                          Action on bullying and a new Victim support scheme for young people Who have been the victrms Of crime.

•                                          Young mayors elected in every area to give teenagers representation and a say in their community.

•                                          Free public transport and leisure for all young peo#,. under eighteen to ensure access for all.

Oona King, Chau Of the Review said: 'Growing up can be tough and we are Simply not doing enough to help the next generation to flourish. Young people need to be a part Of our communities, Otherwise we spend billions dealing With the consequences of anti-social behaviour, crime and Violence.'

Unit 3 • Generations

 Order the words to make sentences.

1   better / today / feeling I far / Fm

2   as / nowhere I Chinese / difficult / as / is / Enthsh/ near

3   much / at chess / my brother / am I better / I / than

4   than / even / this winter / colder / is / last winter

5   nothing / too much coffee / as / too much alcohol I as / for you / bad / like / is

2    Complete the sentences with the comparative form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets.

1   The             I work. the            I feel.

(hard / tired)

2   Theyou drive. theyou are to have an accident. (fast / likely)

3    The

(cold I depressed)

3    Complete the sentences with the double comparative form Of the adjectives in brackets.

4

5

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

1   It's hot today. It was the same yesterday.

I

2   I used to be argumentative. I'm less so now.

I'm less

4 I thought this exercise would be more difficult.

This exercise is

 You said you'd arrive earlier.

You didn't

Rewrite the sentences so that they have the same meaning. Use clauses with as.

1 My maths result and my physics result were terrible.

3 Today is sunny and yesterday was too.

5 My mum and my dad are calm and reasonable most of the time.

I 3

SPEAKING Role-play

I Add question tags.

Let's go to a museum,

We should hire a car,

Don't forget to ring me,

4 Hotels are very expensive,

You haven't got a car,

6   Nobody likes being criticised,

7   Your cousins are arriving soon,

8   You never phone me,

2   Listen to each statement. Then repeat it twice, adding a question tag. The first time you repeat it, make the intonation go up. The second time, make it go down. Then listen and check.

Your parents like French food, don't they?

Your parents like French food, don't they?

3   Read the exam speaking task below. Then listen to a student doing the task With an examiner. Which four Of the issues (a—h) do they discuss?

4   Read the phrases below. Then listen again to the student in the exam and tick the phrases that the speakers use. Suggesting a course Of action I know, Why don't we 2.

Here's an idea. Let's

I've got it. HOW about think we should You could always

The Other thing we should do is

Objecting

I'm not sure/convinced about that.

I don't think that's a great idea.

Let's put that idea to one side for a moment.

      I see Why you're Saying that, but                                              2

That's not a bad idea, but I think

Alternatively, we could

5   Write mini-conversations. Speaker A suggests a course Of action and Speaker B Objects to it and adds a reason, an opinion or another suggestion. Use different phrases from exercise 4 and the ideas in the box.

a where you will meet b the best way to get around  good places to eat out d an interesting museum or gallery e how long you will Stay  where you should Stay g a day trip or excursion h the cost of the whole trip unit 3 • Generations

go Out and generally to make decisions for themselves.

, teenagers probably aren't as active as they used to be. Many parents complain that they do less sport nowadays and spend more time indoors in front Of screens. s        , the pace of life was much slower 50 years ago. There was less pressure on young people to perform well in exams and they had more time to relax.

D While it is true that life was better for teenagers in some respects 50 years ago, believe that the advantages of being a teenager in the 2 century outweigh the disadvantages.

3

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING

Find eight words in the wordsearch and use them to complete the sentences below.

I The Prime M      is in crisis after losing an important v             on the economy.

2    The Welsh Assembly uses a different e system from the LIK Parliament.

3   

4    Because of her criminal record, she Will not be able to hold public o again.

Taking a stand

P itiCS and protest

5    Thousands took part in a d    against nuclear energy.

6    Very few teenagers belong to a political p

2 Complete the questions with the correct form Of the verbs

Unita • Taking a stand

I Do the                                                                                                               Rewrite the sentences to include one Of the words in

Write P for present or F for future.

1               10 loves Adele. hound tn have her

2               Where's Lucy?' •She'll be at her dance class.'

3               lark is he angry when he realises What's happening.

4               £800 fora phone? YO" can't

5               1've reminded Sam about the appointment three times, so he shonldn't forget

6               guests may leave before Hannah gets home.

2 HOW probable is it that Charlie Will buy a Number the sentences (a-O from 1 (most (least probable).

a          Charlie will definitely buy a new phone.

b          Chances are Charlie Will buy a new phone. Charlie might buy a new phone. d Charlie is bound to buy a new phone. e Charlie won't buy a new phone.

f Charlie is very likely not to buya newphone-

the sentences correctty. I Don•tcallTara —shel

2 We probably might not get home

The match Will finish by now. Let's see

brackets. Don't change the meaning.

I It's likely to be cold next month. (chances / bound)

2    If you work hard, I expect you'll do well in your exam.

(could / should)

3    It isn't possible that the message is from John — he hasn't got a phone. (may not / can't)

4    It's certain that Kate will get the job. (bound / likely)

5    The only possibility is that this is the wrong key. (chances / must)

6    I think it's unlikely our school team will win the league.

(can't / will)

7    1 assume Harry has left the hotel by now. (Will / could)

8

9      My grandparents will probably emigrate when they retire.

(chances / must)

10  I assume your teachers are enjoying the holiday. (will / chances)

5    Ifyou invite him, he's bound he'll come.

6    I'm sure our team may not win the league.

7    Chances are nobody can notice our mistake.

8    Dad mustn't be angry about my exam results — I haven't told him yet!

4 Taking a stand

PðJVtiticm

2    Read the text about Partition. Which three

States now exist in the area that used to be Brtish

3    Answer the questions about the text.

1    Before independence. which were the two main religious groups in India and which was larger?

2    What did most Indian politicians think of the idea of a separate state for Muslims, prior to 1947?

3    What was the main purpose Of dividing India into two separate nations?

4    Where did millions Of Muslims move to after 1947? Why?

Listen to the information about Gandhi. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?

Gandhi first campaigned for civil rights when he was a away from his home nation of India.

2   Gandhi only supported the use ofviolence after the British killed hundreds of Indian protestors.

3   Gandhi spent six years in prison during the 1920s. Gandhi left his political party because he felt it did not share some Of his most important beliefs.

5    Amemberofa different religion killed Gandhi in 1948.

an independent state only since 1947; before then. it of the British Empire. ruled by the United Kingdom. At that were two main religious groups within hdia:                and

*slims were in the minority. and Often felt badly treated by the when it come to legal political issues 1940. British rule in hutia was coming to an end. a talked about creating a separate state for of the leading politicians from both religious

Irøio to remain a united countrw But to increase tension W:w-æe b break out _ In he Muslim League led to riots in

*mgr,'

a pb'          inb ratms: one for (India) and one the Mushrns (Pakistan) The boundaries ot the two nations were drawn and in 1947. when became independent. Pakistan was created. Millions ot Muslims trom India crossed the bolder into Pakistan. and millions of Hindus Who           found themselves in R'kiston moved to India, The two newty independent nations wele completely unprepared for dealing with such huge migrations. Violence broke out and hundreds ot thousands of CHINA people were killed.

PUNJAB*

Today, the borders are not the same as they were

1947:nthe 1970s, part of Pakistan become another independent state.

And Kashmir, an area between Pakistan and India. is still o disputed territory.

EYLON

Unit 4 • Taking a stand

2 When it comes to matters related to education, teenagers a can already help to make decisions.

b   are affected by decisions but can't influence them. c do not know enough to make good decisions.

d are not mature enough to make important decisions.

 Jocelyn doesn't think sixteen-year-olds should have the vote because a they wouldn't take it seriously. b they don't really want to vote.

c    they haven't yet had a university education.

d   most issues are not directly relevant to people that young.

4 Before Leila was asked to give her opinion on politics,

What was her attitude the subject?

a   She didn't think there was any possibility ofthe situation changing.

b  She got angry when people mentioned it.

c    She thought most politicians were dishonest.

                                                                                                                                       d She couldn't get it out of her mind.

 What does Leila think sixteen-year-olds would do if they were given the vote ?

a They would vote for changes in the education system. b They might develop a more mature attitude to politics. c They would onty take an interest in issues which directty affected them.

3 Read the article opposite. Which sentence best describes Leila's attitude? Choose a, b or c.

a    Teenagers under eighteen should definitely be given the right to vote in general elections.

b   Teenagers under eighteen should definitely be given the chance to become more involved in politics.

c    Teenagers under eighteen probably wouldn't vote even if they were given the chance.

 Read the article again and choose the best answers.

I Leila believes that teenagers are interested in a certain issues rather than party politics in general. b left-wing politics more than right-wing politics. personalities in politics rather than issues.

finding out how the electoral system works.

2 unit 4 • Taking a stand

T"NRGGRS IN TH€     pupil in London

WORLD Of POLITICS

make Ask if they think the Prune Minister doing a ard lust and completely uninterested. ask them if they agree with being taxed at sixtæn. or if think ttÞy have more rights, and they could go on for hwrs_ that's too?

It is true that teenagers don' know a lot poENcs. don't know '.•hOS lett• right.v•õg and know what a coalition government was. But this is rrwe da_æ the "ve is us to dÚectty because can't vote ultil we're eighteen old. are deerred enough to have chi½ren, to Pin the army and to a                educatim affect us for rest of our life - so why

•e we not considered matue enough to about

Matters Of schools and education rrxge than

•                                 •e       by

Who are this       the

On the other hand. a lot of teenagers wouWÝt take           ttpy given the vote at sixteen. I spoke to Sharon. seventæn. from London. Who said: •Alotofsix'een-year-dds enough and wouldn't take it seriously. But adults al   way? Jocelyn, sixtæn, also from south-east London. disagrees, We                have the it doesn't affect us yet Voting concerns over-

Odes. sixtæn. asked the al-important question: should have a               wmt

vote?

Not many Of us      ro             I ddn•t have any thoughts about politics until for my         I didn't think giving us the vote was even up for this because t'm a political because rm conatiomd b switch oft when the topk is mentioned?

tt-æ vote. But why would we want

we have always been told

the vote, maybe we would take On the respmsibility to find wt about what are and take many adults do.

is a md government has shown no faith in the know. maybe we wouk' ewn rmre rebabie than adults. If the government does decide

IS     US           hen it will need to make an effort - hiking the campaign nto schools and s&ng us           and t-Wpõg us understand What we are being given the to do.      could through our schools voting in      is tm big a deal to be trusted to but we should be able to                 our and   issues that affect us gives us the vote, won' try to take over the world. or vote

to lemonade, We would just

                                   •                    133

4E                 Future perfect and future continuous

Choose the correct tense.

1   This time tomorrow, we             in Paris.

a         will be arriving     b Will have been arriving

2   Next April. my grandparents     the local post Office for forty years.

a         will be running b Will have been running 3 WillAva her training course by July?

a have completed b have been completing 4 Where will you when you go to Spain?

           a be staying                          b have been staying

5    Our plane      by the time you get to the airport.

a  Will have landed           b will have been landing

6    By the time they reach Hawaii, they       for nearly two days.

a  Will be travelling           b Will have been travelling

2 Complete the sentences with the future perfect simple or future perfect continuous form of the verbs in the box. Sometimes both tenses are possible.

1   In December, my parents         married for 25 yea

2   Do you think scientistsa machine time travel by the end Of this century?

 By the time we get home. Ithe same clothes for three days!

4 Kirstie and Elsiefor hours by the time we get there, unless we take a taxi.

 By the time the Olympics begin. most athletes for months, or even years.  When we get to Beijing, wenearly 8,000 kilometres.

7   The kids will need to run around after the concert, because they still for two hours.

8   By the end Of today, I               this book for two weeks — and I'll only be halfway through!

 Dad will be back from his •fun run' soon. I'm sure he every minute!

10 By the time our grandchildren grow up, many species Of animalcompletely.

I Unit 4 • Takingastand

3    Rewrite the sentences as polite enquiries using the future continuous.

I What do you plan to visit next week?

2    How long are you intending to stayin Paris?

3    When are you going to leave the hotel?

4    Who will pay the bill?

4    Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Include the future perfect simple or continuous or the future continuous form Of the verbs in brackets.

We'll finish all our exams in June. (take) By the end Of June. all our exams. Ben is starting a one—year degree course. (do) Ben a degree for the next year. The bar stops serving drinks at 11 p.m. (serve) The bar drinks after 11 p.m.

4 My nine-year-old brother started English lessons When he was five. (have)

When my brother starts secondary school at eleven, he  English lessons for six years.  I'm going to learn to drive before I finish school. (learn)

By the time I finish school, I to drive.  My uncle retires next month after 25 years with the company. (work)

When my uncle retires next month, hefor the company for 25 years.

DAY OF ACTION!

 Join our protest against the latest rises in tuition fees for university students !

*    March through the town centre

*    Demonstration outside the town hall

*    Rally in the park with speeches

*    Handing out leaflets in the shopping centre

 Collecting petition signatures on the High Street

THIS SATURDAY - ALL EVENTS START AT 1 P.R.

Sam so, What are we going to do for the Day Of Action on Saturday?

Chloe I think we should join the demonstration outside the town hall.

in the park. We can take a picnic and a football. It'll be fun.

Chloe It isn't about fun. It's a protest!

       Sam                                                                    Il join th

chloe

2 Complete the table with the highlighted phrases from exercise I.

teenagers, Ella and Mike. Answer the questions. I What does Ella suggest doing?

2  What is her main reason for suggesting it?

3  Whatis Mike's objection to Ella's suggestion?

does Mike Suggest taking part in?

5

6

persuading

Wouldn't join the march?

Comprom ising or agreeing

0K. Let's , then.

5    Choose the correct answer.

1           Everybody is meeting / meets atl p.m. in the park.

2           OK. Who will make / is going to make the placards? 3 According to the leaflet, the speeches start / are starting at 2 p.m.

4 Hmm. I think I'll join / I'm joining the rally instead.

6    Write a dialogue discussing plans for the Day of Action. Use the dialogue in exercise 1 as a model. Include phrases from exercise 2.

Unit' • Taking a stand

Preparation

 Read the letter Of protest. Complete Elsie's paragraph plan below in your own words.

4 April 2013

Mrs lanes,

1 writing tn exnr•ess my about the proposed closure of the skate park in LNer Road.

I understand the council plans to close it in

the teenagers who currently use this facility. They will be forced to pursue their hobby in areas which are less safe, such as streets and shopping centres. only will this make them a'r•e likely to be involved in accidents with traffic, but it will also create a hazard for pedestrians. Expecting teenage skateboarders to avoid busy pavements is simply not realistic. In addition, the planned closure gives a very negative signal to young people in the town, who have few opportunities for leisure activities. Although there is a sports centre, teenagers cannot afford to join it. The skate park allows to socialise in an enjoyable and having pay.

I Unit4 • Taking a stand

2 Write the missing words in these phrases. Then add the underlined phrases in Elsie's letter that could replace each

          It is important to r                        that

2    It is for these r_ that I think you should

3    1 wish to r my opposition to

4    I am particularly c    about

Writing guide

3 You are going to do the exam writing task below. Think Of two reasons to oppose the plan. Use the words and photos to give you ideas.

•                  community • costumes • procession

•                  charity • fun • fundraising

In your notebook, write a paragraph plan like the one in exercise 1. Include your ideas from exercise 3.

5 Write your letter in your notebook. Follow the paragraph plan you made in exercise 4.

2 Get Ready for your-Exam

EXAM TASK - Reading

Read the text and for each question (1—7) choose the paragraph (A—D) it refers to. Each letter can be used more than once.

therapy:

                             Get foryour Exam 2

         2     Get Ready for your Exam

EXAM TASK - Use of English

EXAM TASK - Listening

You are going to hear a radio interview. Choose the correct answer, A. B, C or D, to complete each sentence.

1 According to Tanya, research suggests that

A     most social activists today are in their twenties.

B     American activists organise more social action than those in Europe.

C     73% of young people boycotted companies last year.

D    this year neartv twice as many young people took social action as last year.

2    When asked about the Internet, Tanya says that

A    Facebook is a good example Of a social-networking site that actively supports big causes.

B    Twitter is the most popular website for organising social protests.

C    there are websites set up especially for organising social action.

D    the Internet is the best way to gather together people with similar opinions.

3    Molly Katchpole was upset with her bank

A    when they introduced fees for online payments.

B    so she forced them to return the fees they unfairly charged her.

C    so she got 130,000 people to sign a petition against them.

D    so she decided to change bank as a sign Of protest. 4 Tanya says that today

A    there still aren't enough people who support social action.

B     young people know they can make a difference in the world.

C    

D   

I Get Ready for your Exam 2

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the word in brackets. pay attention to spelling and grammatical correctness.

I never liked olives till I went to Greece. (have) olives since I went to Greece. Michelle had to listen to Grandma's story for the whole evening. (made) Grandma to her Story for the whole evening.

3 He played football forten years, then he broke his leg and had to retire. (been)

After he football for ten years, he broke his leg and had to retire.

Jared was never this rude as a child. (used)

      Jared                                             this rude as a child.

5     But did the team eventually manage to win the game?

That's what I'd like to know! (in

      I'd like to know                                             the game.

6     Oops! You broke Mum's favourite cup. I'm sure she'll be angry. (bound)

Oops! You broke Mum's favourite cup. She angry.

The town council want to close a park near your school. You are a member Of the student committee, Which is planning to organise a protest against this decision. Talk to a friend about the steps to be taken.

Discuss your arguments in favour Of saving the park, and agree on:

•   the type Of action you want to take. participants.

•   advertising.

The town council are planning to rebuild the local  swimming pool. There are five different projects, from a very ambitious one With a modern spa and water slides to a simple renovation of the existing pool. Yesterday there was a meeting with the general public in the local community centre, where people could find out more and  express their ideas and wishes.

Write a report of 210—230 words for the local newspaper about this event. In your report say  how many people appeared.

what the atmosphere was like.

       • What questions people asked.  what the result was.

Write your report in the appropriate style and format.

Technology

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING Computing

Complete the texts with the verbs and prepositions in the

I love social networking. I t

Faceb00k most evenings. I usually find lots Of Other friends

online too and their chats or I • comments their walls. I usually' my profile once a week Or so — maybe change the photo or add something to my list oflikes and dislikes.

2 Choose the correct verbs to complete the instructions.

Sometimes both verbs are correct.

1   Scroll down / Tap to the bottom ofthe page and click on / enter the 'Contact' link.

2   Browse / Search through the folders on your hard drive, then double-click / press on the relevant icon.

3   Enter / Key the postcode, then zoom in / zoom out to See the street in greater detail.

 Swipe down / Scroll down the list Of contacts and tap on / click on the name you are looking for.

 Highlight / Scan the words you want to change and click on / key the relevant button on the toolbar.

 Match five Of the tasks (A—G) below with the instructions in exercise 2. There are two tasks that you do not need.

A   find and open a document on your computer.

B    Reformat text in a document.

C    Find and watch a video on your phone.

D   Get in touch With the people who run a website.

E    Stream a song to your computer.

F    Find a friend's contact details on your smartphone. G Locate a friend's address on an online map.

5

GRAMMAR Passive: all form

5B

1    Complete the sentences with an appropriate passive      3 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs

form Of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes two tenses are possible.

1   By next weekend, the house (redecorate).

2   1 had a feeling that I        (laugh at).

your car

(service) this year?' 'NO, not yet.'

6   We'll have to wait until the gas cooker

(repair) before we can safely use it again.

7   Many rare species (threaten) by Climate change and could become extinct.

2    Make the active sentences passive. Be careful where you put the adverbs and prepositions.

1   You can easily find our contact details on the website.

2   Thieves have recentty broken into my hwse.

3   In German cities, they often dean the streets at night.

4   They sang that song beautifully.

5   Somebody has looked after this vintage carverywell.

6   The teacher spoke to the student about his bad behaviour.

in the box.

1 1 can't find my wallet. I think it might

Shoes mustn't            in the mosque. Please remove them before you go in.

My letter didn't arrive. It must             in the post.

4 The deadline for my school project is tomorrow. So it has this evening. 5 1 think smoking is terrible. It should illegal years ago.

6    You shouldn't have left the scene of the accident. You ought to it to the police.

7    During the flight hand luggage can in the cwerhead lockers.

Do you think London might ever again to host the Olympic Games?

4 Underline the mistakes and write the sentences correctly.

I I thought that I'd been being followed.

2   This house Will be never sold.

3   The menu bar can being find at the top Of the screen.

4   The children were looked by the babysitter after.

5   1've been being stared at by that man.

Complete the sentences with a passive structure.

1    Homework must

2    1 don't like

3    The exam results will

4    Computers mustn't

Choose the correct words to complete

•e text below.

 a each                  b all             c every          d the

2   a as   b for      c like      d to be

3   a which             b that      c when   d what

                                      With          c for                 d in

5 a provided                until          c unless          d once

     a away                     on             c Over             d through

Paranoia or real concerns?

time we visit a website, •cookies' are sent to             computer and stored there, hidden from view.

people do not even know they are there. But what what are they used for? Some people see them

•spies' that record all our activity on the Internet, consider them to be harmless devices designed to •e easier for us. They are basically text files that store that may be useful to the owners of websites that can record which you looked at and, visit that site, appears on screen takes also record payment details when you it easier for you to shop again at

s                                              *Out. th81? That probably depends on storing information about wøsites we too

3 Are these sentences about the text true (T) or false (F)?

 The text contains mostly fact, not opinion.

2 We do not know the writer's own opinion on Internet C] pnvacy.

 Listen to six teenagers talking about

Internet privacy. Which three speakers have serious

5

 It's easy to ignore online advertisements.

 Losing our privacy is the price we pay for services that websites like Google provide.

e Online advertisements can be harmful.

    I trust the website companies to take good care of my personal data.

Write about your opinion on Internet privacy. Give and/or examples to justify your views.

much personal information about users. Social-networking sites know about our friends, our tastes, our view of the world, our politics, Our marital status, etc„ and that information target you personalised advertising. Moreover, some people fear that you have over perstx-nal data, it's very difficult to have it destroyed. more, data end up anywhere — the police or the government might want to

see it, Or Companies might use it in unexpected or

5

4 Read the text again and answer the questions.

I What do Internet trolls try to do When they join online discussions?

2   Why did Nicola Brookes feel sympathy for the reality TV sta r?

3   What is the most devastating consequence of troll attack mentioned in the text?

4   Why do trolls feel free to say unpleasant things online?

2   
Read the text opposite, ignoring the gaps. and answer the questions.            5 What has Facebook been made to do? I How many victims Of Internet trolls are named in the text?

2 How many Internet trolls are named in the text?

3    Match the gaps in the text (1—6) with six ofthe sentences (A—H) below. There are two sentences that you do not need.

A    More than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a fake Facebook page was set up in her name.

B    Despite this, campaigners warn that online bullying is becoming increasingly common.

 Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and Start arguing.

D One troll was jailed for 56 days after tweeting such a message.

 Facebook too were unhelpful.

 They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims.

G   But will the website operators reveal the names of the trolls?

H   Some even threaten physical violence.

5

6 I hope nobody will blame me for the accident.

Mark Zuckerberg created in 2øø4 when he was a student at Harvard They will install WI-fi in the school once they have agreed

University. He originally  on a price. intended it to be a in which people could photos of and rate them according to who was 8 They wouldn't have cancelled the concert if they'd sold the most attractive. The      more tickets. college banned within days, but it later became the basis for the social 3 Rewrite the sentences using the passive. Make the indirect site we km:" today. At object the subject. first, it granted only to students, but They gave the teacher a present at the end Ofthe year. later allowed the age of

-to join. over one billion people actively use In 2e11, Forbes Magazine declared Nobody has taught him good manners. to be the ninth mst powerful person in

the world.

 My boss is promising me a big pay rise.

4 They gave me ten minutes to make up my mind.

6   They awarded prizes to the cleverest students.

7   The bank owes Harry £100.

8   Somebody threw the boy a lifebelt.

2 Rewrite these active sentences as passive sentences, avoiding the words somebody, nobody, they and people. 1 people have polluted the lakes in our region.

2    They've sold the house next door.

3    Somebody will tell you when to start the exam.

4    They should have picked up the kids before four o'clock.

5

Read the exam speaking task below.

the words in the box. Then listen to a student answering the questions. Which hotel does she choose and Why?

4    Complete the sentences from the student-s answer. Then listen again and check.

2 Look at the photos ofthe hotel rooms below. Write two sentences speculating about each photo. use the phrases        

                 5 Look at the photos again. In your notebook, write answers

      Photo 2                                                                                                              to the questions in the exam speaking task below.

Preparation

 Complete the sentences using the future in the past.

1 'There's no time to geta coffee. The coach leaves in five minutes!'

My cousin arrived on Friday.

3    'I'm looking for a job. I'll have to pay my university fees.' She was looking for a job because

4    •I'm excited. I'm going to get a new smartphone for my birthday.'

She was excited because

5    'I know I'll never forget your kindness.' She knew

6    •We must get tickets quickly. The film starts in five minutes:

2    Punctuate the sentences. Th" au contain direct speech.

1   Where's the satnav she asked

2   He's so lazy she muttered He never helps

3   What you need he commented is a ho iday

4   My favourite sport he declared is rugby

5   1 hate you she screamed Get out Of here

3    Choose the correct speech verbs.

I •Don't ever speakto me like that!' she bellowed stressed.

2    •you just don't trust me. do you?' she grumbled / warned.

3    •That's a nice dress,' he remarked / stressed.

4    'We're getting married in May,' she announced / tioned.

5   
•It was my fault.' he assured / acknowledged.

I unit 5

Writing guide

 You are going to do the exam writing task below. Plan your story using the chart below.

5     Think of a beginning for your Story. You could

•   set the scene.

 start With a dialogue.

•   start by looking back.

6     Write your story (200—250 words) in your notebook.

A matter of taste

Solve the anagrams. Does the missing word have a positive (+) or negative (—) meaning? Circle + or — .

1   This soup is really

(PANTSUNLEA).

2   The sandwiches had been made With

(SALET) bread. /

3   This chicken is

(GOTUH). (¥ /

My starter was rather

(SELSATTES).

S The mushroom pie was served (RACYEM) mashed potato. (+ /

curry sauce was very

7 For breakfast, they ate poached eggs With

(RYSCIP) bacon.

I noticed that the orange juice (TIBTRE).

These chips are extremely (SAYREG).

the sentences with the opposite of the —'tined adjectives.

curry isn't too but in

                                                                                                                                                 6                    of

4    I don't remember

5    Most people would prefer

than

       I Unit 6        matter of taste

CULTURE Healthy living

can talk about foodund

A NEW WAY

TOVGETYSLIM?

Complete the text opposite With words from the words in brackets.

questions about the text.

t   condition was the drug Exenatide initially "signed to help?

       2          is the difference between Exenatide and exendin-4?

—h part of a Gila monster is exendin-4 obtained from?

—h area of the brain does the drug work on?

S Ex other problems might the drug be able to help, from overeating?

•                                        Listen to three people giving their slimming drugs. Which speaker is the most favour of the drug? Speaker

Listen again. Match the opinions With Write 1.2 or 3 in the boxes.

believes

•                                        lose weight if they avoid an energy

a good Start for weight loss?

misuse the pill?

C]

•                                        a    effect on self-image?

rapid weight loss are but research to

Sweden have a drug whk:h from oversized and • lizard can effectively reduce food cravings.The claims have recently been published in The Journal of

The drug Exenatide is widety used to control the blood sugar levels of people with type 2 diabetes. It is an art#ially produced equiKIÞnt of a s           (nature) occurring chemical caged exendin4. which comes from a æry unusual source: the saliva of a Gila monster, Göa monsters are a type of lizard found the deserts of North America and are one of only two species of lizard

(know) to produce venom. Since collecting tt-E saliva no easy task. scientists developed a way of creating a synthetic version of exendin4.

Now, researchers at tt•E Sahlgrenska Academy. part of the University of Gothenburg. have discovered that the drug has an  (interest) side effect A study with rats has demonstrated that exendin-4 is effective at reducing cravings for food. Leader of tt•E study, Assistant

Karolina Skibicka, described the                         (fro as

'both unknown and quite            (expect)'. Scientists that the drug may have applications beF.nd weight control. Since it targets the reword centres in the brain. it could potentially be used to control all kinds of addictims,

3    Read the texts opposite. Which Of the secret recipes is the Oldest?

4    Choose the correct recipe.

Which recipe:

1    is now kept more safely than it used to be?

2    did somebody pay money for?

3    is probably worth the most Of the three?

4    includes quantities but not the method?

5    was accidently thrown out bythe makers?

6    is known by onlytwo people at the company?

7    has never been bought or found?

8   
is partly revealed on the product label?

matteroftaste

Secret .

recnpes

Lea & Perrins

Developed by John Wheeley Lea and William Perrins, Worcestershire Sauce, with its rich and spicy taste, was an instant success when it went on sale in 1838. Since that time, the for making the sauce has been a closely-guarded secret. But after more than 170 years, the original recipe has been revealed- It was found in notes dating from the mid-1800s that were inadvertently in a n.ñish bin by the sauce factory. Brian Keogh. a former Lea & Perrins employee, discovered the notes. which were neatly written in ink in two leather-bound notebooks, rescued them.

label on bottles of the sauce lists vinegar, mlasses, sugar, salt, anchovies, tamarind extract, a-ions and garlic. aut it doesn't reveal the identity other key ingredients, merely adding 'spice' and

. Mr Keogh's documents reveal that these include cloves, soy sauce, lemons, pickles and

They also show the all-important ratios of the which until now have also remained

However, even with all the ingredients, there guarantee you would be able to make the sauce, what makes it distinctive is the way it is made, is still a secret.

Dr pepper

Poking through antiques stores while travelling in Texas, Bill Waters found a tattered old notebook filled with formulas.

He bought it for $200, could resell it for five times that. It his instinct about the book's value was more knew. Mr Waters discovered that the the drugstore where Dr Pepper was a recipe for •D Peppers Bitters'. after buying the book, Waters took to sell it. He noticed store caned the •Old Corner

I had a national treasure,' said Waters. 'It has specks of the original concoction on its pepper's manufacturer says the recipe is not for the modern day soft drink, only

Dr employees. But despite that, is to sell for between $50 ,OOO 575.000 it gæs up for auction.

(KFC)

Colonel Sanders• handwritten recipe for fried chicken arrived back in its Kentucky home on Tuesday after five months in hiding while KFC upgraded security arrangements.

KFC president Roger Eaton was visibly relieved when the door to a new electronic safe was shut with the single sheet of paper inside. •Mission accomplished,' he said.

The recipe lays out a mix of eleven herbs and spices that coat the chain's Original Recipe chicken, including exact amounts for each ingredient. Written in pencil and signed by Harland Sanders around 70 years ago, the iconic recipe is now protected by an array of hightech security gadgets, including motion detectors and cameras.

The recipe is such a tightly held secret that not even Eaton knows its full contents. Only two company executives at any time have access to the recipe. KFC won't release their names or titles, and it uses multiple suppliers who produce and blend the ingredients btR know only a part of the contents.

Just how valuable is the recipe? According to p Hustad, a professor of marketing in Indiana, the value is just as high for this secret recipe as for the Co• formula. 'l guess I'd put those two at the pyramid,' he said.

The company's security expert Bo Dieti security measures were essential. For recipe was kept in a filing cabinet combination locks. 'You could hae used a rætal bar to that thing up,' Dietl said.

of

I Complete the text With a, an, the or nothing if no article is required.

Although British are more health-conscious than they used to be, many of them still like to eat bacon for breakfast once or twice week. But most are unaware that there is unusual custom surrounding bacon.

custom is known to date back hundreds Of years to 13th century or even earlier. According to tradition, married couple could Win a large piece Of bacon if they could prove to a judge that they had not regretted their marriage or had • argument for at least year and day. In one town, Dunmow. couple had to kneel on sharp stones and say special poem which ended with the lines: •For this is Our Custom at Dunmow well known, Though the pleasure be ours. the bacon's your own.' Afterpoem, there was a noisy parade around town. Dunmow claims to be the only Britain which still continues tradition to this day.

2    Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

I My parentswent to university, but neither of them finished their degree.

           a both               b every                  c either

     2 Nearly                       of my classmates are going to the

           a every              b most                   c all

3    My grandfather left £1,000 toof his grandchildren.

           a each               b every                  c either

4    The best thing about this Indian restaurant is that dish tastes different.

           a another         b all

5    We've hardly spenttogether this

3    Complete the sentences with few, a few, little or a little. Your homework would be better if you spent more time on it.

2    These days, there are so        opportunities to escape from technology.

3    1've invited Claudia to the party, but frankly there's chance she'll come.

Anna is spending the weekend with of her friends from school.

5    As the detective was leaving the room, he noticed blood on the wall.

6    Soya beans contain a lot of protein and very fat.

7    Many people start writing a novel, but people actually finish.

8    My grandmother spent years in India when she was a child.

4    Add ofto these sentences only when it is necessary in order to make the sentence correct.

I I gave Christmas presents to all_ my friends.

2    Lions spend much    their time sleeping.

3    Both          his sisters went to this school.

4    Each           us understood how serious the situation was.

5    'twas so hot that I spent the whole _ night awake. 6 Are many _ your friends going to university?

5    Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the words in brackets.

 We didn't see any polar bears in Alaska. (no)

in Alaska.

 There were very few people in the square. (any)

There in the square.

3 He gave each of the children a copy Ofhis new book.

(every)

He gave

Of his new book.

 We couldn't eat all of the cake — it was huge! (whole)

We couldn 't it was huge!

5 He spent most of his holiday in bed with sunstroke.

(nearly) He spent in bed with sunstroke.

-l                6 • matter of taste

Listen to a student doing the exam speaking task below. Which option does he choose? What               2 Draw lines to match the two halves of the phrases in the two reasons does he give for choosing it?      chart.

3 Complete the headings (A—C) in the chart in exercise 2 using three Of the descriptions below.

1     Tentative opinions

2     Suggestions

3     Firm opinions

4     Counter-arguments

5     Agreement and compromise

Write answers to the questions below. Include at least two phrases from exercise 2 in each answer.

1    Do you think advertisements for junk food should be banned? Why? / Why not?

2    Do you think children should be taught about healthy eating at school? Why? / Why not?

                                                                                                                                           unit 6                   Of

Preparation

Read the exam writing task and the model text below.

Match the paragraphs (1—5) with the headings (a—D. There is one heading that you do not need.

 The Silver Spoon is situated on a side street in a residential part of town. There are hardly any Other shops or restaurants in the Street. so if you didn't know it was there, you would never find it by chance. But it's definitely worth a special visit, even though it's Off the beaten track.

 Stepping inside, you notice that the interior is nothing special. It's quite traditional and a little dark - nothing like all the trendy, minimalist restaurants you find in town. But it's very comfortable.

 What made a big impression on me the first time I went to the Silver Spoon was the friendliness of the people who work there. Therre extremely welcoming from the moment you walk through the door. And throughout the meal, they're attentive without being annoying. They always manage to create a very relaxing and informal atmosphere.

4    But. Of course, the most important aspect Of any restaurant is the menu, and this is definitely the Silver Spoon's main attraction. They Offer a range Of dishes to Suit every taste, from basic pasta with tomato sauce to exotic hot and sour Thai salads. The choice is impressive and the ingredients are always fresh. TO finish the meal. they offer a variety Of mouth-watering desserts.

5    All in all, the SilverSpoon is the perfect place for a special family meal. There are options to suit every budget, and for What you pay it's a great deal.

a Food b Staff c Value for money  Location

 Decor

 Atmosphere

2 Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined words With more interesting adjectives.

1 1 had a big pizza in a nice,restaurantby the sea.

• matter of taste

4    We had a table by the window and enjoyed the great views.

5    The room was big,but there was a good atmosphere.

Writing guide

3 You are going to do the exam writing task in exercise 1. Plan your description by choosing four of the paragraph headings (a—O and writing them in the chart below.

Add to your paragraph plan. You do not need to write complete sentences, but do include some interesting adjectives.

5 Write your description (200—250 words) in your notebook.

     3       Get Ready for your

EXAM TASK - Reading                                                                                    A And I truly believe that eventually they will influence

Read the article about the influence Of technology   all types of study, both in school and beyond the on students' learning. For each gap (1—7) choose the      classroom.

sentence (A—D that fits best. There are three sentences        B It's hard not to wonder Why, being aware of that, that you do not need.     educators don't customise the way they teach and test.

C    Asignificant one, it seems, according to experts.

D   Technology allows students to study at their own pace and encourages them to take the initiative and learn independently.

E    The process of learning in the classroom may become sõficantly more effective as students can manipulate information on the computer.

F    There         of course. hurdles like costs to overcome, but ifs just a matter of time and effort.

G   We have. during that period, spent over $60 billion on them. but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools.

H   Computers are only as good as the teachers who are teaching With them.

Students who currently don't have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online.

Students can communicate their ideas to their teacher using a variety of media.

EXAM TASK — Listening

You are going to hear five people talking about weight loss. Use the information from the listening to complete the sentences (1—5). Use two or three words.

Speaker I is only slim if she is calories.

2   Speaker 2 thinks: 'As long as you burn you eat, you have nothing to worry about.'

3   Speaker 3 has always been a few kilos overweight. She's trying to lose them          calories.

Speaker 4 is worried he will if he doesn't keep playing rugby.

 5 Speaker 5 doesn't eat carefully to Stay slim but to

Get Ready for your Exam 3

Read the text below. Choose the correct answer, A. B, C or D, to complete each gap.

These two photographs show people eating. Compare and contrast them.

These ideas may help you:

•   setting — place and atmosphere

•   people's feelings — mood, facial expressions, conversation

•  
food — people's eating habits and attitudes to food

I Get Ready for your Exam 3

 You have seen an advert in a teenage magazine in which they invite schools to participate in a competition entitled  Healthy School. Write an email (200—220 words) to the  organisers. In your email

 • Say why you are writing.

 • explain how your school supports healthy lifestyles.

• ask for more information on the competition.

• ask how to apply to take partin the competition.

Write your email in the appropriate style and format.

 Communication

Complete the definitions.

1    A very short item of important news: newsf

2    A TV channel that only has news stories: r channel

3    A news report of something that is happening now:

A newspaper with serious news and analysis:

-5 An article in a newspaper that gives the papers political point of view. e

 A newspaper with lots Of gossip and human-interest stories: t

7 The act of altering or removing articles from newspapers that are thought be politically threatening or immoral:

A description of an event by somebodywho actually saw account

A personal record of news on a website that is frequently updated: n

Someone Who reports news from a particular country or on a particular subject: c

 An article in a newspaper that appears regularly and is usually written by the same person: c

 The first page of a newspaper: f page The spreading of news by ordinary people: journalism

Listen to an excerpt from a TV news &sh. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1               The information in Dan's report is new.

2               has seen tanks on the streets.

3               Dan knows where the president is.

 The top Story in most Of the tabloids is about a war.

S   broadsheets have differing opinions on the education reforms.

government is concerned about racist articles in press.

7 •

              are/were talking to you.                                                                         about newspapers. Report the questions.

              I 'You should read my news blog.'                                                         1 She asked him if he read

Emma says

2    'I'll be working at home tomorrow.'

My mum said

3    'l hate watching the news on TV.'

Anna says

4    'You haven't been working hard enough.'

Ben complained

5    'l hadn't expected the broadcast to be live.' Ian explained

6    'I'd like to borrow your newspaper.'

Fred said

7    'l don't want to goto the theatre.'

                          Amy has said                                                                              5 Match the answers (a—D With the questions in exercise 4.

 There should be more sport.

2    Choose the correct answers.       b I've bought a paper every day.

I   Sam said / told her to leave.       c Yes, I do. Most Of the time.

2    •This article is really interesting: said I told Harry.            d Yes, I read the newspaper every day.

3    Tm hungry: she said I told to her dad.          e 1 like The Times.

4   
They said I told me he was af There's a good mix of serious news and 5 Jake says / tells that he wants to study      human-interest stories.

3    Read the dialogue and complete conversation.    

I   asked Ed what 1  . He explained that

and Ed

. I asked

7

CULTURE Making news

f can understandan-ðFti& about •ourhalism

Revision: Student's Book page 73

Complete the text With the correct form Of the verbs in the box.

Twitter has the news - enabling people to read about events from the perspective Of ordinary people. One problem, however, is verification. It's important to a picture Of other tweeters in order to tell if they're merely misinformation. Another drawback

Of Twitter is that it is impossible to the context to important stories Or to s events in detail because cannot be longer than 140 characters. Nevertheless.

Twitter has   a huge impact m conventional journalism and most reporters               rely on it.

2    Listen and match the news reports (A—E) With the summaries (1—8). There are three options that you do not need.

report meals how some staff behaved dishonestly.

2 gives details of an unusual theft from a sporting venue. how people have been left vulnerable in a US

 how people are celebrating the record-breaking weather.

S fscusses the effect of personnel reductions in —portant institution.

how staff Will benefit from government changes.

how a group were responsible for a new record.

• —stheresignation of a prominent leader.

the text opposite with words formed from the

7 •

Early communication

6 Sales are very bad this year. We need to a new way Of attracting customers.

2    Read the text opposite quickly and match photos With paragraphs B—D.

                 Photo I                      Photo 2                     Photo 3

3    Choose the best summary ofthe text.

1    Prehistoric people could draw and carve before they could talk.

2    The foundation non.erbal communication began with ancient caveman drawings.

3    Early Egyptians are responsible for creating todars alphabets.

Are the sentences true orfalse (F)?

I There is a large amount Of conflicting evidence for how the human race began to talk.

2    It is thought by manythat the earliest cave painters had already mastered language.

3    Evidence of communication using sand and stones has been found.

4    Petroglyphs seem to represent ancient belief Systems.

5    There were no similarities between the systems Of ideograms developed by different cultures.

6    The English and Chinese alphabets both came from systems of ancient ideograms.

7

aking our mark

Human beings are social animals ard communicating has always been of vital importance to us. We have developed our communication skills further and faster than any Other species, However. no one really knows how humans began to communicate

•ere-ally. HOW did noises and grunts words. and how did people on what those words meant exactly? Scientists have many theories. there is no consensus. because tere is Obviously no hard evidence for of these theories. In fact. the origin verbal communication is considered

•hardest problem in science'

there is one form Ot earty communication that scientists do Nyd evidence tot, and that is the

.rtten torm Archaeological

attempts to          informatøn probably took the form ot don't know how much trp-* people talked. but these describe the hunt fc•3S_ hunting expeditions arc animals. especic*,• can be

The next step for Which carvings in a back as petrcgtyphs. E-œty mcõe rrartõgs stoæs a              way

obvioush"             However, pictures Of peop'e and animals rTB2de on rock faces have in every continent Ot the except Antarctica. It is difficult to what the lines of people,

Later, between 9000 and 5œO pictures started to represent concepts and ideas- These are kncwn os ideograms. Because some ideas ore universal. a number Of the correspor-ding ideograms bok the sar'W though developed by different cütues, example. an eye with a 'ear sadness These evohæd into early writing

The is that all the tM             haæ

•arty        The E-.ctean         in 1443. is tre       to this.

Once the human race had mastered the written word. there was no stopping us! We now live in a world Of books. texts, newspaper articles. headlines. adverts, emails. magazines: we are surrounded by wn:yds and pictures. Forms Of communication may become

have enabled scientists to were used for      ever more sophisticated. but we the evolution of these earty non-       tribes               developed             basics thousands of years ago and we still rely on them

2   •l got up early because I had a lotofwork to do.'

3   •My sisters going to have a baby.'

4   'l won't tell anyone your secret.'

5   'I broke the vase in the living room.'

2  Decide Which verb (a—c) does not fit in each sentence. I The manager _ that we finish work early.

            a proposed             b suggested           

2 George _ to us that he had found a new job.

            a added                  b explained             c announced

3  My uncle me to accompany him to New York.

            a invited                  b asked                    c warned

4  Henry         taking the bus into town.

        a advised              b agreed

5  Harry _ writing the anonymous email.

            a admitted             b refused

6  The head teacher _ us to wait Outside her office.

            a instructed           b agreed                   c asked

3 Complete the sentences with a preposition, if necessary.

and the infinitive or -ing form Of the verbs in the box.

 •Go to your room this instant,' my dad said to me.

2    'Don't forget to phone me this evening,' Sarah said to Clare.

3    'It wasn't me Who ate all the biscuits,' said Owen.

4    'I won't lend you my pink jacket,' said Amy to Sandra.

6   'Why don't we go and see a film?' said Dave.

7   'I'm sorry I lost my temper,' said Robert.

her decision to resign from her job.

money from the till.

to him.

for my cinema ticket, even though he was almost broke.

6   My parents forbade meto the music festival.

7   Chris agreed me a lift into town. 8 The lifeguard warned us not near the rocks.

9 We congratulated Beth all her exams.

      I          7

1  Jake (leave) the house. His shoes are still in the hall. 5 Look again at the photo. Answer the questions.

2  There's a big dent in the front of Louis' car. He (have) a crash.

 fit's midday in the UK, it(be) the —iddle of the night in Australia.