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Caernarfon Castle: 10 Amazing Facts About
This Incredible Welsh Castle"
"Caernarfon Castle: 10 Amazing Facts About This Incredible Welsh
(материал к презентации
Castle")
Шайдурова Валентина Федоровна
Учитель английского языка
ГБОУ «Школа №106»
СанктПетербург2016
Материал « Caernarfon Castle: 10 Amazing Facts About This Incredible
Welsh Castle" является частью проекта «Уэльс прекрасный», который
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Facts About This Incredible Welsh Castle" как дополнительную
информацию на уроках страноведения.
Материал дан на английском языке и будет полезен обучающимся для
подготовки проектных работ.
Caernarfon Castle:
10 Amazing Facts About This Incredible Welsh Castle
Caernarfon Castle (English spelling Caernarvon) is one of the top tourist attractions in the whole
of Wales and one of the most impressive castles in the whole of the UK.
Why so impressive? Well, the entire little fishing town of Caernarfon is wrapped within the
castle's mighty stone walls.
The castle itself positioned in front of the town, as if to defend it is huge, impressively
restored, and is resultantly a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
I could write an entire thesis on Caernarfon Castle but that's probably a bit too much for a little
fansite like this one!
Instead, I thought I'd give you a topten rundown of the things which make Caernarfon so special
to encourage you to spend a day at this breathtaking destination.Caernarfon Castle and town walls
10. Caernarfon is the mightiest of Edward I's 'Iron Ring' of
Castles
Edward I of England was ambitious, ferocious, and fixated on capturing independent Wales
onceandforall. Although the Normans had attempted to capture of Caernarfon in the early
1100s, they'd failed and the town had remained safe in Welsh hands.
However, Edward I was highly ambitious, and desperately wished to conquer Wales. In 1282, he
defeated and killed the last prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffud.
After that moment, Edward I set about consolidating his power by appropriating the Welsh
people's castles for his own use (as in Dolwyddelan); restoring old castles (as in Ruthin); and
building new ones (as in Harlech and Caernarfon).
Caernarfon Castle was his most ambitious project. Harlech Castle and Beaumaris are
undoubtedly magnificent works, but the elaborate townwalls, alongside the sheer size of
Caernarfon, meant that it was Edward's 'definitive' castle in a string of important works.
9. Caernarfon was enshrined in Roman myth - and Edward I
wanted to stamp his mark on ancient legends
Ancient myth had surrounded Caernarfon. The Roman legend of Macsen Wledig recounted the
dreams of a Roman Emperor, travelling to a faraway land where he was greeted with a
magnificent, multicoloured castle.
After his dream, he later sent messengers to scour the globe, to find again this magnificent spot
of his dreams identified in Caernarfon.
Grand turrets like this were built of coloured stone (nowadays, hard to see) to evoke
ConstantinopleEdward I had illusions of grandeur, and the thought of building his chief Welsh residence on the
spot enshrined in prestigious Roman mythology greatly appealed to him.
Inspired by the legends and also by the Roman city of Constantinople, with its vast walls and
colourful, octagonal towers he chose to build a castle like no other had been made before, here
in Caernarfon.
8. Caernarfon has an unusual 'hourglass' design
The design of Caernarfon Castle is a little unusual. The castle is aligned along the bay of the
town, and is the walls of the castle surround massive central clearing as the image below
demonstrates.
However, it's best to imagine the castle looking a bit like a 'figure of 8'. At the middle of the
castle rather like the middle of the number eight the walls narrow into each other, effectively
forming two, large, symmetrical courtyards.
It's hard to show in a photo, but the castle is shaped like an '8'. In the background
on the left side, you can see where the castle gets narrower - like the waist of the
number 8.
Thick, reinforced walls surround this central courtyard on all sides. The walls extend back from
the bay (which is at the front of the castle), cover the castle, and wrap around the old town of
Caernarfon, too meaning the whole area is securely held in these massive, stone structures.
The only entrance to the castle through the walls is via two massive gatehouses (see below).
7. Caernarfon Castle was a project of phenomenal expense and
scale
Edward I spent a vast amount of money on building Caernarfon Castle. Records at his time show
an expenditure of £22,000 a huge sum, considering that the daily wage for a skilled craftsmanback then would have been about 3 pence per day (and we're talking old money, where there
were 240 pence to one pound!).
To put it another way, £22k was more than the Treasury would have taken a year in tax!
Hundreds of tradesmen and equipment would have come vast distances to work on the castle.
We know that timber and supplies were shipped in from Liverpool (using sea routes to
Caernarfon) Anglesey and elsewhere in North Wales; and that labourers came from as far as
London to work on the construction.
But it wasn't just the ambition of Caernarfon which made it incredible. Caernarfon was built at a
dizzying speed. Despite being built by hand, the castle appears to have been substantially
completed in just five years to 1287.
6. The octagonal towers of Caernarfon give away its lofty
status
Caernarfon Castle was meant for great things from the very moment of its birth: and its 12
magnificent, multiangled towers indicate that it was a castle designed to be 'a cut above' the rest.
The style of these towers (some of which are octagonal, others hexagonal, and others are ten
sided) is significantly different to the gentler, more rounded profile of the towers on Edward I's
other 'iron ring' castles built in the same period and these towers would have been much harder
to build.
It's thought that the design was deliberately chosen to evoke Constantinople (and the towers were
said to have been constructed of multicoloured stone, too).
This unusual formation multi-angled turrets displays the intended might of
Caernarfon.Some of the towers are phenomenally large including the tensided Eagle Tower, which is more
than 10m across at its base. The tower would have had more than three floors and numerous
annexes; and was originally decorated with stone eagles (which have since weathered away!).
Legend has it that Edward of Caernarfon was born here in a smallante room, but don't believe it
it's more likely he was born in the main rooms of the tower.
5. The huge gatehouses display the true might of the castle
Caernarfon Castle is equipped with not one, but two mighty gatehouses appropriately called the
King's Gate (which faced the town) and the Queen's Gate (inevitably, the smaller of the two;
which faces seaward).
The Queen's Gate was never adequately completed, and was primarily intended for unloading
supplies from ships.
The mighty King's Gate of Caernarfon Castle. Is that Edward I, whose statue you can
see mid-picture?
The King's Gate is an altogether different beast probably ranking as one of the most fearsome
castle gatehouses in the whole of the UK. It's peppered with murderholes for boiling oil and
water; and would have contained more than four doors and five different portcullises to traverse.
A statue presumed to be Edward I even adorns the outer side of the gate, defying any potential
intruder!
4. However, Caernarfon Castle was still attacked and overcome
by Welsh rebels
As the official residence of Edward I, Caernarfon was an obvious site of discontent for Welsh
rebels dissatisfied at English rule over the country. Consequently, it was the site of varied (andincreasingly ferocious) attacks, which were designed to put Edward I's English empire upon the
backfoot.
The Welsh revolt of 1294 caught the English offguard. The huge uprising was lead by Madog
ap Llewlyn, and the whole of Wales was aflame with rebellion against English rule.
The Welsh destroyed many of Caernarfon's town walls, and even managed to occupy the castle.
Edward I quickly mustered troops and marched into Wales to quell the rebellion. In 1295, he
recaptured Caernarfon, rebuilt many of the destroyed walls (at vast cost) and punished the Welsh
for their insurrection.
It's hard to believe a castle with such phenomenal defensive capability could ever
have been breached
1294 was the most significant rebellion in Caernarfon's history, but it wasn't the last. In 1403 and
1404, Owain Glyn Dwr attempted to besiege the castle, again in the name of Welsh nationalism
(but this time backed by French forces): he was, however, unsuccessful.
During the British Civil War, the castle was garrisoned by the Royalists and survived three
sieges, before it was captured by the Parliamentarians in 1648.
3. Caernarfon was the birthplace of the first Prince of
Wales - a man who could 'never speak a word of English'
As you can probably imagine, the Welsh people weren't too thrilled with the English domination
of their native country. However, the birth of Edward I's son in the castle, in 1284, was a perfect
opportunity for Edward I to 'spin' the story to his advantage.
The child Edward of Caernarfon was legitimately a Welshman, and was crowned 'Prince of
Wales' in 1301 demonstrably a Welshman, ruling over his own people.
This persuasive storytelling didn't end there. It's said that Edward I sold his son to the Welsh
people as "A prince born of Wales, who could never speak a word of English".
However, it was a bit of a crafty piece of propaganda and it definitely didn't mean that son
Edward could only speak Welsh. The language of England's nobility back then was still French,
and so it's almost no surprise that Edward of Caernarfon couldn't speak English!Edward of Caernarfon became King of England (Edward II of England) in 1307. His rule was,
by many accounts, disastrous. He was deposed from power by his own wife, Isabella (the so
called 'she wolf of France'), and met an unpleasant death.
2. Nowadays, it houses some unusual attractions - including
the Museum of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
With so many rooms, passageways and towers winding throughout Caernarfon Castle, the site
has become a space suitable for hosting permanent exhibitions and museums of interest.
Within the Queen's Tower, you'll encounter the Museum of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers. The
exhibition included in the normal entrance price houses uniform, guns, medals and
memorabilia from the 300year heritage of this proud and important Welsh regiment. The place
is a little oldfashioned by modern museum standards in particular, it's probably too dry for
children but adults interested in more contemporary history should get something from it.
Be prepared for rather grey and rainy days in North Wales. At these times, you'll be
glad of the indoor attractions!
Two other towers also hold exhibitions. In the Eagle Tower, you'll discover an
interactive history of the castle; and there's also a small exhibition in the
Chamberlain Tower which includes the throne and paraphernalia from the
investiture of Prince Charles of Wales (see next point!).
1. Even today, Princes are 'crowned' inside the castle
The UK still has a Prince of Wales nowadays, it's Prince Charles (who's nextinline for the
throne). The ceremony of 'investiture' (effectively a 'crowning', or giving the Prince his formal
title) takes place in Caernarfon Castle. Charles, Prince of Wales, received his title here in 1969;
and Edward VIII was granted his title in 1911.
Although we can't be sure, I'd anticipate that, on Charles becoming King of Great Britain,
William would be 'crowned' Prince of Wales in Caernarfon.http://www.exploring-castles.com/caernarfon_castle.html
http://www.caernarfon.com/
http://www.britainexpress.com/wales/anglesey/castles/caernarfon.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle