Ex situ plant conservation biotechnology in Kazakhstan

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Ex    situ plant       conservation biotechnology      in Kazakhstan

Article                    in                            Journal   of            Biotechnology      ·               September           2014

DOI:                10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.101

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3              authors, including:

                               Svetlana                                                                                  Kushnarenko     Natalya   Romadanova

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Available       from:              Natalya           Romadanova

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S30                                                                                                                      Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 185S (2014) S18–S36

to solution of the mutagen (NaN₃ 100mM for 6h). After treatment, embryos transplanted onto a solid medium Gamborg B5 with BAP 0.05mg/l, 2% sucrose and cultured for 24h at 10◦C. After two weeks ofculture,embryosweretransplantedtoB5medium.Plantletsdoubled chromosomes by colchicine solution and then transplanted in to soil. Some plants observed sterility, as well as changing the shape of the stem and leaves. Seeds were obtained in an amount of 4238g. Mutagenic plant seeds were tested for determination of fatty acid composition of the oil by gas chromatography (GOST 51483-99, Moscow 1999). As a result, the mutant line was identified in the content of oleic acids 75–80%, which is higher by 10–15% than the parent forms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.100

Svetlana Kushnarenko∗, Natalia Romadanova, Lyazzat Karasholakova

Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

E-mail address: svetlana bio@mail.ru (S. Kushnarenko).

Plant germplasm in Kazakhstan are preserved ex situ by several mode: by plants in field genebanks and greenhouses, by seeds, in vitro cultures, in vitro slow-growth storage and cryopreservation. Of 75,000 plant germplasm accessions stored in the Kazakhstan’s genebanks, approximately 90% are held as seeds. The clonal germplasm are mostly stored in field genebanks. More than 4000 accessions of fruit and berry cultures are maintained mostly in field collections and in vitro collections. 1450 accessions of wild potato species, interspecific hybrids and Kazakhstan’s and foreign varieties are held in field genebanks. In vitro storage and cryopreservation are now considered reliable ways to provide medium and long-term preservation of plant collections. The Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology has developed techniques for cryopreservation of shoot tips isolated from in vitro plantlets for several fruit, berry and vegetable cultures. It was shown that PVS2-vitrification protocol optimized for Malus germplasm (Kushnarenko et al., 2009) was successful with few modifications for diverse germplasm cryopreservation. Recovery of shoot tips of various fruit and berry cultures and also potato following liquid nitrogen exposure has reached 41.2–83.3% depending on genotype. The first cryogenic bank at −196◦C for preservation of valuable plant germplasm has been established in Kazakhstan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.101

Molecular marker assisted selection for resistance to sclerotinia blight in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Engin Yol^[1], Hari D. Upadhyaya^[2], Bulent Uzun^1,∗

ger. Although several effective fungicides are available to control the disease, host-plant resistance is the best solution to control disease economically and environment friendly. To identify resistant sources, characterization of germplasm variability through traditional methods is a length processes and needs field testing. However, molecular markers associated with resistance to sclerotinia blight would improve the process of identification of resistant genotypes. Recent identification of a molecular marker linked to sclerotinia blight resistance gene (Chenault et al., 2009. Euphytica, 166:357) has greatly improved breeding programs enabling marker-assisted selection. In the present study, a set of groundnut germplasm consisting 256 accessions was screened with the recently identified molecular marker to determine germplasm accessions having sclerotinia blight resistance. Results showed that many genotypes in the collection had association with the resistance gene and these genotypes could be used as new sources for breeding groundnut cultivars resistant to sclerotinia blight.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.102

Evaluation of a sorghum germplasm for plant height characteristic by using molecular markers

Birgul Guden¹, Cengiz Erdurmus², Engin Yol^1,∗,

Rustem Ustun¹, Cengiz Ikten³, Taner Akar¹,

Bulent Uzun¹

¹                      Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,

Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

²                      West Mediterranean Agricultural Research

Institute, Aksu, Antalya, Turkey

³                      Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

E-mail address: enginyol@akdeniz.edu.tr (E. Yol).

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has now been known as an alternative renewable energy crop with high biomass and sugar content. Plant height is a crucial trait to produce high biomass and sugar due to the fact that sorghum biomass is positively correlated with stem height. Molecular markers associated with plant height characteristic have recently been developed for sorghum by Wang et al. (2012; Mol. Breeding 30:281–292). To determine plant height variability of sorghum by using traditional methods is time consuming and requires intensive field testing. Molecular markers usage results in effective selection and fastening process to identification of individuals with different plant height variability. The purpose of this study was to screen a sorghum germplasm consisting of 561 accessions with molecular markers associated with plant height character. The DNAs of each accession were extracted from leaf samples by using CTAB protocol. The genotypes were then analyzed by SSR markers associated with plant height. The markers were the same as reported by Wang et al. (2012). Results showed that many genotypes in the collection have had desirable plant height genes so these accessions can be used as genetic resources in breeding programs to improve more productive bioenergetics sorghum genotypes.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.103