Инфекционные заболевания. Гигиена в больницах.

1. Infectious Diseases

Инфекционные заболевания

 

1.Infectious diseases are divided into four main groups:

Intestinal infectious diseases – Кишечные инфекции;

Infectious diseases of respiratory tract – Инфекции дыхательных путей;

Blood infectious diseases – Кровяные инфекции;

Infectious diseases of outer layers – Инфекции наружных покровов.

 

1.Intestinal infectious diseases are: Typhoid fever – Брюшной тиф;

Dysentery- Дизентерия; Cholera – Холера; Food poisoning – Пищевые токсикоинфекции; Virus hepatitis  A – Вирусный гепатит A; Poliomyelitis – Полиомиелит; Salmonellosis – Сальмонеллез.

 

2.Infectious diseases of respiratory tract are: Grippe or Influenza (Flu)  – Грипп; Measles – Корь; Whooping cough – Коклюш; Chickenpox – Ветряная оспа; Epidemic parotitis or Mumps – Эпидемический паротит; Quinsy – Ангина; Diphtheria – Дифтерия; Scarlet fever – Скарлатина; Tonsillitis – Тонзиллит.

 

3.Blood infectious diseases are: Malaria – Малярия; Plague – Чума, Virus encephalitis – Вирусный энцефалит.

 

4.Infectious diseases of outer layers are: Epidemic stomatitis – Ящур; Trachoma – Трахома; Rabies – Бешенство; Tetanus – Столбняк; Gangrene – Гангрена;

Anthrax – Сибирская язва. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                             

 

2. The sources of the infectious diseases

Источники инфекционных заболеваний

 

 

Medical Staff – Медицинский персонал

Medical instruments – Медицинские инструменты

Air – Воздух

Food – Еда

Water – Вода

Clothes – Одежда

A sick person – Больной человек

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Test your knowledge of hygiene by doing this quiz.

ТЕСТ

 

1.     What is MRSA?

a.      a virus

b.     a bacterium

c.      an antibiotic

 

2.     How do you catch MRSA?

a.      by eating from dirty plates

b.     from poor  hospital hygiene

c.      by drinking bad water

 

3.     Which of these things has nothing to do with bacteria?

a.      a wine making

b.     yoghurt

c.      the common cold

 

 

4.     Which of these things is most important in stopping the spread of MRSA?

a.      hospital  staff should wash their hands between patients

b.     cleaners should disinfect door handles

c.      visitors should wear masks

 

5.     When Florence Nightingale, founder of modern nursing, worked in hospital during the Crimean war, the death rate dropped from 60% to 2.2%. Why?

a.      She made nurses wash their hands.

b.     She gave her patients fruit and vegetables to eat.

c.      The ventilation was improved.

  

6.     How long should you wash your hands in hot water to be sure they are clean?

a.      fifteen seconds

b.     half a minute

c.      one minute

 

 

 

 

 

The key of the quiz. Ответы к тесту.

 

1.     b                         

2.     b           

3.     c

4.     a

5.     a

6.     a

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

4. Hygiene equipments. 

Предметы для гигиены.

 

Bin – Мусорный бак

Bucket – Ведро

Cloth (rag) – Тряпка

Mop – Швабра

Sink – Раковина

Clinical waste disposal bag – Одноразовый пакет для клинического отхода

Detergent – Дезинфицирующее средство

Disposable gloves – Одноразовые перчатки

Paper towels – Бумажное полотенце

Soap dispenser – Компрессор с жидким мылом

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. A hygiene report

 

H – Hospital administrator,    S – Sister

 

H – Ah, Sister, I need to talk to you about the hygiene inspection.

 

S – OK. How was our score?

 

H – Mm. Three out of ten.

 

S – Oh dear. Well, they came at a very bad time. Mid-morning.

 

H – I have three report here. Er… I’ll just run through the important things… under “Ward hygiene” – “Door handles door handles are not regularly cleaned. Beds are not always cleaned between patients. Toilets must be cleaned three times a day but they are only cleaned once a day. Floors must be cleaned four times a day they are only cleaned once a day”.

Under “Spillages of bodily fluids”, the report says that the average time was thirty-five minutes to clean up a spillages of urine. And it says “Nurses knowledge of MRSA is good, but…”

 

S – Well. We certainly need to improve, but we are very short staffed.

 

 

  A task to the dialogue.

  Задание к диалогу

 

1.     The door handles are | are not regularly cleaned.

2.     Beds are |are not always cleaned between patients.

3.     The toilets are cleaned three times | twice |once daily.

4.     Floors are cleaned four times | twice | once daily.

5.     The average time for cleaning up spillages of bodily fluids is 5|10|10-30|more than 30 minutes.

6.     Nurses’ knowledge of MRSA is good | fair | poor.

7.     Nurses always | do not always wear gloves.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   The key of the task.

 

1.     are not regularly cleaned

2.     are not always cleaned between patients

3.     once daily

4.     once daily

5.     more than 30 minutes

6.     good

7.     always

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Complete the sentences with the words below.

    Заполните предложения с данными словами.

 

contamination

 disinfectant

antimicrobial agent

 susceptible

pathogens

 resistant

swab

spotless

 

1.     An ------ will kill microorganisms.

2.     Use a sterile ------ to get a sample from the back of the throat.

3.     Our bodies have ways to kill ------ such as viruses and bacteria.

4.     The old, the young, and the very ill are most ----- to hospital infection.

5.     Staphylococcus is ------ to most antibiotics.

6.     There is a risk of ------ from urine and blood.

7.     Wash floors and door handles with ------.

8.     A home doesn’t have to be ------, but it does have to be clean.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The key to the task.

 

1.     antimicrobial agent

2.     swab

3.     pathogens

4.     susceptible

5.     resistant

6.     contamination

7.     disinfectant

8.     spotless

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hygiene

 

 

Modern development of the world civilization proves that future specialists studying at medical colleges must have deep knowledge of hygiene. Good knowledge of hygiene which students get while studying at colleges gives them a chance in achieving higher effects in formation of the basis of healthy life, which preserves, strengthens and develops a healthy nation.

But, unfortunately we know how hazardous has become our world and ecology, that more and more anomalies happen in Nature which make the quality of our environment worse, which in its term influence on the health and life of human being.

 

Гигиена

 

 

Современное развитие мировой цивилизации доказывает, что будущие специалисты, которые учатся в медицинских учреждениях, должны иметь глубокие знания в области гигиены. Хорошие знания в области гигиены, позволяют студентам достичь высокого эффекта в формировании основ здорового образа жизни, которые сохраняют, укрепляют и развивают здоровую нацию.

Но, к сожалению, мы все знаем, какой опасной стала экология нашей планеты, что всё больше и больше аномалий случается в природе, а это, в свою очередь, ухудшает качество среды обитания. А плохое качество окружающей среды влияет на здоровье и жизнь человека.

 

 

 

 

Nursing of the patients with infectious diseases.

ПЕРЕВОД

 

1.     Good and right care helps the patients with infectious diseases to recover quickly.

 

2.     It is necessary to provide cleanliness, quietness and comfort for the patients.

 

3.     The air must be clean; the temperature must be 18 – 20 degrees by C.

 

4.     The bed must be comfortable and tidy.

 

5.     The bed cloth must be changed every 5-7 days, but if there are spillages, the bed cloth and shirt must be changed immediately.

 

6.  Wards need cleaning twice a day.

 

7.   Airing of wards may be done along with ward cleaning.

 

 8.  Wash the floor with disinfectant.

 

 9.  Wipe the walls, the door handles, the bed tables, the windowsills using disinfectant solution.

 

 10. Send the patients’ clothes to the disinfection chamber.

 

 11. Pour over the patients’ bedpan with boiling water and plunge them into a disinfectant solution.

 

 12. Used dressing materials must be burnt.

 

 

The key to the task. Nursing of the patients with infectious diseases.

Сестринский уход за пациентами с инфекционными заболеваниями.

 

1.Good and right care helps the patients with infectious diseases to recover quickly.

Хороший и правильный уход способствует быстрому выздоровлению инфицированных больных.

 

2. It is necessary to provide cleanliness, quietness and comfort for the patients.

Необходимо обеспечивать чистоту, покой и комфорт для пациентов.

 

3. The air must be clean; the temperature must be 18 – 20 degrees by C.

Воздух должен быть чистым; температура должна быть 18-20 по С.

 

4. The bed must be comfortable and tidy.

Кровать должна быть удобной и аккуратной.

 

5. The bed cloth must be changed every 5-7 days, but if there are spillages, the bed cloth and shirt must be changed immediately.

Постельное бельё надо менять раз в 6 – 7 дней, но если есть выделения, постельное бельё и рубашку надо менять немедленно.

 

6. Wards need cleaning twice a day.

В палатах необходима ежедневная двукратная уборка.

 

7. Airing of wards may be done along with ward cleaning.

Проветривание палат можно сочетать с уборкой.

 

8. Wash the floor with disinfectant.

Мойте пол дезинфицирующим раствором.

 

9. Wipe the walls, the door handles, the bed tables, the windowsills using disinfectant solution.

Протрите стены, пол, прикроватный столик, подоконники дезинфицирующим раствором.

 

10. Send the patients’ clothes to the disinfection chamber.

Вещи больного отправьте в дезинфекционную камеру.

 

11. Pour over the patients’ bedpan with boiling water and plunge them into a disinfectant solution.

Подкладное судно больного обдайте кипятком и погрузите в дезинфицирующий раствор.

 

12. Used dressing materials must be burnt.

Использованные перевязочные материалы надо сжечь.