Конспект урока по английскому языку по теме "Модальные глаголы"

Modals
can/could
should
may/might
must/have to
ought
need

Это тип глаголов, которые определяют вероятность, возможность, способность или необходимость совершения действия.

Например: You should call her immediately. — Тебе следует немедленно позвонить ей.
 
Не меняются в зависимости от лица и времени действия. Вопросительная форма не требует вспомогательных глаголов, а в отрицательной добавляется частичка not.
Например:
Can you call me later? — Ты можешь позвонить мне позже?
I cannot answer the phone right now. — Прямо сейчас я не могу ответить на звонок.

Can
possibility
ability
permission
request
Could
past possibility, ability
asking for permission
request

May
request
permission
possibility
Might
possibility (higher degree of doubt)
polite suggestion

You may leave your bag here until the classes are over. 

May I borrow your notebook?

They may know it, but I am really not sure.

They might know it, but they were out of town.

Should
suggestion, advice
Ought to
moral obligation denoting a duty, advice or a reasonable action

Must
obligation imposed by the speaker / logical assumption
assumption
Mustn’t
Prohibition
recommendation

В качестве модального глагола используется, чтобы спросить или дать разрешение. Как правило, его используют лишь в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях.

— Need I speak to him right now? 
— Yes, you must /No, you needn’t.

Obligation/strong recommendation

Lack of obligation/necessity

permission/possibility

Recommendation/advice

Prohibition

Present

Past

must/have to



can

had to

couldn’t (general ability in the past): My dad could run really fast when he was young.

was/were able to (specific ability in the past, particular situation): I wasn’t able to do my h/w last night. I was too tired

He … (can’t/couldn’t) open the window as it was stuck.
Interpreters … (may/must) translate without dictionaries.
… (Can/May) I use me your bike for today?
… (May/Could) you give me the recipe for this cake?
I hardly ever see Jane, she … (may/might) have moved to Africa.
Take an umbrella. It … (may/can) rain.
You … (could/should) stop smoking. You know you … (cannot/must not) buy health.
Liz doesn’t … (ought to/have to) keep to a diet anymore.
You … (must not/needn’t) read in the dark.
My grandfather is retired, so he … (shouldn’t/doesn’t have to) go to work.
We … (may/ought to) reserve a table in advance if we want to have dinner there.
I … (can’t/needn’t) believe it! You … (have to/must) be joking.
Don’t wait for me tonight. I … (might/must) be late.
You look very pale, I  think you … (need/should) stay at home.
… (Could/Might) you, please, pass me the mustard?

He couldn’t open the window as it was stuck.
Interpreters must translate without dictionaries.
May I use me your bike for today?
Could you give me the recipe for this cake?
I hardly ever see Jane, she might have moved to Africa.
Take an umbrella. It may rain.
You should stop smoking. You know you cannot buy health.
Liz doesn’t have to keep to a diet anymore.
You must not read in the dark.
My grandfather is retired, so he doesn’t have to go to work.
We ought to reserve a table in advance if we want to have dinner there.
I can’t believe it! You must be joking.
Don’t wait for me tonight. I might be late.
You look very pale, I  think you should stay at home.
Could you, please, pass me the mustard?

Run into-натолкнуться, всретиться неожиданно

Run over - переехать, задавить

Task #1 Choose the correct word.
 
I think you might/ought to see a doctor.
Should/May I borrow your book, please?
I have to/could go to the grocery store. My fridge is empty.
You must/ought to be very hungry. Would you like an apple.
Could/Should you pass me some sugar? I like sweet tea.
You must be/can’t be very proud of your son he is a champion.
You must be/should be exhausted after all your hard work.
She mustn’t/shouldn’t stay in bed all day unless she is ill.
It’s very late. The children must/can’t be sleeping.
Susan has broken her leg. She can’t/have to walk now.

Task #2 Fill in: must(2), mustn’t, can, can’t, could(2), may, might, have to.
Guess what! Our team has just won the game. No way!
You ………. be joking!
Excuse me, sir. You ……… park here. It’s forbidden.
How about to watch a movie? Sorry, but I ……… finish my homework.
Look! It’s Jane! No, it ………. be. She is in Paris on business.
……….. I turn the light off, please.
……….. I have your name, please.
I think it ……….. be warm soon.
……….. you help me please? I think I got lost.
The streets ……….. get very slippery when it rains.
You ……….. be very thirsty, it’s hot outside.