Методические рекомендации к проекту "Образование в Британии"

Муниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

“Средняя общеобразовательная школа №1”

г. Ртищево Саратовской области

 

 

 

 

Проект

“What is the difference between education in Russia and Britain?”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                       

 

 

 

 

 

                                                          Выполнила: Архипова А. 11 класс

                                                                  Руководитель: Марочкина Н.А.

 

                                                            2024г.

 

Table of contents.

Introduction.

I. Peculiarities of schools in Russia and the UK.

1.1   School education in ancient time.

1.2. The interior and exterior of schools in Russia and the UK.

1.3 Characteristics of school education in Russia and Great Britain.

1.4 Punishments in British and Russian  schools.

1.5 Classrooms in Britain and Russia.

1.6 School year in Russia and in Great Britain.

1.7 School uniform in Russia and Great Britain.

1.8 School Day.

II. The educational system.

 2.1 Lessons.

2.2 Items.

2.3 Assessment system.

2.4 Additional distinctive features.

III. Advantages and disadvantages of education in England and Russia.

IV. Practical Part.

V. The significance  of the research work.

VI. The conclusion.

VII. The sources of information.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

Education is an important part of modern life. Being educated means to know a lot of necessary and useful things for life and every decent person studies at school. One of the most important focus of school is to maintain the continuity of social life by handing down knowledge, traditions, experiences, values and customs of the society from one generation to another.

It's no secret that studying in England is prestigious and appreciated all over the world, and Russian education is treated with distrust. But is it true? Is education in Russia at such a low level? Why are Russian diplomas not accepted in many countries of the world? I decided to find out how the educational systems in England and Russia differ. Where is it better to get an education in Russia or abroad? To answer these questions, I will compare the school education  in Russia and England.

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that education in the modern world is changing rapidly. Education is necessary, starting from school, which will allow a person to become creative.

The hypothesis of the work: let's assume that you can get a good education in any of these countries.

The object of the study: the education system in Russia and England.

The subject of the study: the disclosure of the peculiarities of Russian and English schools.

 Purpose: to study the education system of England in comparison with the education system of Russia.

 Achieving this goal involves solving the following research tasks:

1. To study the school education system.

2. To show the similarities and differences of school education systems.

3. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of education in these countries.

 4. Analyze the results of the survey.

 To achieve the research goal, we will use such research methods as:

 • Study and analysis of sources;

 • Analysis of the received data;

• Surveillance;

• Comparison;

 • Survey on the research topic.

I.                  Peculiarities  of schools in Russia and the UK

1.2   School education in ancient time.

The development of school education in Great Britain and Russia

The history of education goes back into the past. Both countries always tried to educate children, they had no good opportunities. Schools of Great Britain had three-century history. In the early Middle Ages the first schools were originated in Great Britain, children studied Latin grammar.

The churches in Great Britain were cultural and educational centers. In the XIX century people began to organize the system of compulsory and free education. In the XX century there were three types of school: grammar, comprehensive and technical.

In Russia schools were opened in monasteries and churches. In the XIV century children were taught to read and write, there were subjects as singing and religion. Girls are also taught to sew and knit.

The children of noble people could teach philosophy, grammar and foreign languages. In the XVIII century there were different schools for all ordinary people in Russia. There was an attempt to form the state system of education. At the end of the XIX century there were a lot of schools in Russia, but home education was still common.

Conclusion: The systems of education in Russia and in Great Britain has been developing for a long time but there were changes of teaching. But Russian and British people did a lot to make education available for children.

1.2 Let's compare the interior and exterior of schools in Russia and the UK. We suggest starting with the architecture of the building. UK schools are very elegant, massive - it's an old style. Some schools are built, on the contrary, in a modern style.

But as for the Russian schools, most of schools are of the same type, barrack–type buildings.

In British schools, corridors allow a child to relax and take his mind off tedious lessons. They are usually decorated in bright colors - the British do not have some special strictness in lines and colors.  Various drawings or huge stands with interesting events are hung on the walls. There are lockers in the hallways for textbooks or personal items.

About the corridors in Russian schools: sometimes it seems that we are in a very strict and official place. The lines are clear, the tone is from beige to brown. There are pots of flowers on the windowsills, and arched curtains оr window blinds hang on the windows. Agree, the difference is great!

Conclusion: if we compare the interior and exterior of schools in Russia and the UK, we will see that the difference is great! I’m sure, lockers for mobile phones are necessary in our schools, because some naughty students use their telephones even during the lessons at the tests.

1.3 Characteristics of school education in Russia and Great Britain

Education in Great Britain is free and compulsory for all children, but schooling is not. Parents have the right to educate their children at home if they wish. British children are required by law to have education while they are 16 years old. The right to have education is guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

There are different types of school. Main categories of schools are state schools, private and religious schools.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant schools and junior schools. At infant schools children don't have real classes. They play and learn through playing.

But when pupils are 7 years old the real studying begins. They don't play as much as they did it at infant school. Now they have real classes, where they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions. Students are divided into A, B, C and D streams according to their abilities. At the end of primary education children had to pass 11-plus examination. Good results of examination gives them admission to various types of secondary schools.

After this stage children are sent to secondary schools in the first form according to their abilities and they study there until 16 years old. They study many subjects. They have Drama lessons, the lessons of management and photojournalism. Students can choose such subjects as History or Geography.

1.4 Punishments in British and Russian  schools.

Punishments in British schools are strings (in England, when a teacher gives you "strings", you write a sentence over and over again, maybe fifty or a hundred times. For example, you can write a sentence like "I have to do my homework" or "I shouldn't be late"). Also, for misconduct, students are left after classes to help do something in the office, for example, clean up.  There is a form of punishment where a student is not allowed to attend school for several days or weeks. The most serious form of punishment in the UK is when a student is expelled from school for bad behavior and the student is forced to go to another school, where his bad behavior is already known.

Punishments in Russian schools are to stay after lessons, write an explanatory note, take them to the head teacher, the director; make a remark or give advice on eliminating certain behavior.

Pupils pass Standard Assessment Tasks at the age of 7, 11 and 14 years old. At the age of 16 years old students take the General Certificate of Secondary Education examination and they leave school if they want to finish studying. If pupils are successful, they can make their choice: they can go to the 6th forms or they may either go to colleges.

If they continue studies in the sixth form at school they pass national examination called “A” levels at the age of 18 years old. They take the General Certificate of Secondary Education/ A-level. They need “A” levels to enter the University. Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview. The mark for Core subjects should be “C” when students enter the University.

The studying in Russia takes eleven years. Preschools (kindergartens) are not compulsory. Compulsory education starts from 6(7) to 15 years old. There are different types of school: state schools, specialized schools, lyceums, gymnasia, private schools. There are three stages of education: primary, middle and upper.

At the beginning children study at elementary school for four years. They learn to count, read and write. Children also study a foreign language beginning from the second grade.

The fifth form means the beginning of middle stage of secondary education. The children study different subjects: Algebra, Biology, Literature, Chemistry, Physics and ICT, Russian, Literature, Technology, Physical education and others. In our country there is a nine-year compulsory education.

The 9th form is time for students to pass examinations. They are awarded a Certificate of Basic General Education. They have a choice to enter the 10th form of a general secondary school (upper education) or enroll in a specialized vocational schools or colleges.

Students choose subjects for their better learning in the 10th and 11th form.

In the 11th grade students pass the State final Examination, they are awarded by a Certificate of Secondary General Education. They can enter the University or institution of higher education.

We came to the conclusion that there are state and private schools in countries. We should know they are attended by different percentage of school population. In Britain 95% of students go to state schools and 5% to the private or public. Some private schools are very famous, such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and Winchester. Most private schools are either for boys and girls. In Russia 99% of students go to state schools, 1% of students study in private schools.

Conclusion: We have found not only similarities but differences of school education in Russia and Great Britain.

1.5 Classrooms in Britain and Russia.

Classrooms in British schools are very comfortable. There is laminate or carpet on the floor. Chairs and tables can be made in blue, white and other colors, they are single. It's very convenient because you don't depend on your desk mate. The shades of the walls range from warm to cold, bright tones.

The classrooms in  schools in Russia are comfortable, but without carpets or laminate. The desks are designed for two students, which is very inconvenient: you feel discomfort and lack of free space.

Of course, school playgrounds in the UK are famous for their success, because this is a large area where there are benches, sports complexes, a playground for football and baseball.

Of course, there are such schools in Russia, and mine is one of those where children can practice various types of physical education, or some other hobbies. But these are mainly schools where there is sponsorship.

 1.6 School year in Russia and in Great Britain.

In Russia school year lasts for 35 weeks. The year is comprised of 4 terms. The vacations are in November (1 week), in January (2 weeks), in March (1 week) and 3 months in summer. The school year begins in September, ends in May and students pass examinations in June. The school year in Great Britain is about 39 weeks. The school year begins in early September (school never begins on Monday) and continues to July. British schools have six terms (semesters), separated by holidays (vacations). The main school holidays last for 2 weeks on Christmas, 2 weeks in spring and 6 weeks in summer (end of July and the whole of August). Children go to school 5 days a week.

In Russia school day normally starts at 8,30 o’clock in the morning and ends in the afternoon. Students attend classes for 5 days a week, some schools require extra study on Saturdays. A typical lesson lasts for 40 - 45 minutes with a 5 -15-minute break. At primary school pupils have 4-5 classes a day. Their number increases to 6-7 lessons at secondary school and to 7-8 at the senior school.

Conclusion: in Russia  we have the longest summer holidays and have the opportunity to have a rest. Our summer holidays last for 3 months!

1.7 School uniform in Russia and Great Britain.

The school uniform in Great Britain appeared in the XVI century. It was dark blue color. But these uniforms were not to be worn by elite students; they were to distinguish the poor children attending charity schools. Only 300 years later the students of the best English public schools began to wear uniforms. The first school to introduce this uniform was Christ's Hospital and it was the oldest uniform of any school. Nowadays in many schools in Great Britain pupils wear school uniform. The favorite colors are blue, grey, black and green. When there is more than one school in a town, a school uniform can make differences between schools (socks, ties, badges).

Typical British secondary school uniform consists of a blazer with school crest or logo, white or blue shirt, tie (it can be a distinctive sight), black, navy, grey or maroon trousers or skirt, grey or black socks (boys),white socks or black or skin-coloured tights or hold-up stockings (girls), plain black shoes (trainers may be allowed in summer),black, navy, grey or school colour pullover. Tartan skirt for girls is especially common in Grammar schools and Independent Schools.

In Russia school uniform appeared in 1834. This uniform was worn only by boys. In 1896 school for girls was created. School uniforms were abolished after the 1917 revolution, but were re-introduced in 1948. The style of Soviet school uniform was modernized in 1962, and since that time it was modified each decade.

Boys wore dark blue pants and jackets, girls — brown dresses with black aprons and black bows (on special occasions, white aprons and bows were worn). The members of the Young Pioneer organization (every student belonged to this organization), wore famous red neckties.

Special sport uniforms also existed for physical education classes. In the early 1980s, a dark blue three-piece suit was introduced for girls and the strict rules on haircuts were loosened. In 1992, mandatory school uniforms were abolished. Today, there is no unified standard uniform in Russia; certain schools may have their own uniform that students are required to wear.

Schools without a uniform may also have a certain dress code. There is also a modern-day tradition for girls to dress into brown Soviet-style school uniform for their graduation ceremony. We think when we dress uniforms, we will organize on our subjects in school and we achieve great success. In many schools uniform is not compulsory. Many schools in Russia and Great Britain have strict rules on wearing of make-up, jewellery or fashion clothing.

Conclusion: British school uniform is compulsory, in some Russian school children have dress code.

1.8 School Day.

The school day in Great Britain is from 9 o’clock to half past three. Pupils go to the registration. Then there is assembly. All schools organize a short daily meeting for the whole school to give important information. There are four classes lasting one hour each or 8 ones lasting 30 minutes each or 8 lessons with different length. The five minutes between lessons is not a break.

Pupils must use this time to move quickly to next lesson. During the lunch hour pupils have time to do many things besides eating. They can read in a library or participate at clubs or sport or go home for lunch. There are nearly 90 extra activities at schools in Great Britain. The afternoon begins with registrations again. School finishes at half past three. In some school lunch is not so long.

In Russia children get marks as numbers and score. In Great Britain pupils use own marks as letters. In Britain at the end of each term school sends a report to parents. It has the pupil’s marks in all the subjects and the teacher’s comments on the pupil’s progress. In Russia during the term the pupils keep a homework diary. At the end of each term the form master puts final marks there. Parents should put signature in their diaries.

Conclusion: In Russia school year is divided into 4 terms, in Great Britain is divided into 3 terms. Children have vacations in Russia and Great Britain. They have many lessons and extracurricular activities, marks are different.

II. The educational system

2.1 Lessons

In the UK, a research approach is used, in which all student activities are aimed at expanding their knowledge and applying it in practice. That is why in English schools, most of the study time is devoted to laboratory and practical classes, discussion clubs and work on creative projects. At the same time, students work in groups, and the teacher is assigned the role of a mentor, giving advice and guiding the search for a solution in the right direction.

As I am going to connect my life with Pedagogics, I asked my aunt to tell me  some  facts from the history of educational system in my country. My aunt told me that  in Russia, 10 years ago, the model of education assumed the dominant role of the teacher. Students in the classroom had to sit at their desks, strictly follow the instructions of the teacher and memorize new material. She explained me that the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard, the learning model has come as close as possible to the Western one. Nowadays  at the beginning of the lesson teachers provoke us  to formulate the topic of the lesson, we evaluate each other and ourselves at the lessons, we  make  different projects, working in pairs and in groups. Sometimes we work individually. I think it helps us to learn the material better. Today every Monday in Russian schools begins with the flag raising ceremony. We honor and congratulate  the successful  students in sport life and in after school activities. They get diplomas at the ceremony.

Then we go to the classes and have class hour « Тalking about important things».

We discuss different interesting facts about Russian science, watch videos with the famous people, solve different  problems(ecological, social, etc)

2.2 Items

Schoolchildren in Russia begin with the alphabet and oral counting, and end with the study of higher mathematics, physics, chemistry, and so on.

British education is firmly based on the foundation: from an early age, children study a wide range of school subjects, moving to a narrower specialization in high school, where in the last year they study only 3-4 subjects. Thus, the British manage to avoid problems with self-determination: in UK schools, children choose the direction of study at the age of 14, whereas in Russia this choice occurs mainly in the 10-11 form.

2.3 Assessment system

In Russian schools, the knowledge of secondary school students is evaluated according to a five-point system: "one" - weak progress, "two" - unsatisfactory, "three" - satisfactory, enough; "four" - good, "five" - excellent. Teachers add a plus or minus to these grades, but this is an unofficial addition and is not taken into account when calculating final grades. At the end of the quarter, half-year, and academic year, the grades received are summed up, and the arithmetic mean is output with a bias in favor of the student.

The system of school grades in the UK is quite complex, it is alphabetic. After graduating from high school, students receive a GCSE certificate (General Certificate of Secondary Education), in which grades are indicated by letters from A to G. The grade "A" is the highest – excellent. The "G" rating is the lowest – satisfactory. There is also a "U" grade (Unclassified) - the exam was not passed, less than the required points were scored.

2.4 Additional distinctive features.

Schools in the UK have several buses at their disposal that bring and take children to and from school. This method ensures the safety of children in movement and preserves strength and energy, which is an undoubted advantage.

As for the Russian schools they  also have their own transport. Buses give opportunity to schoolchildren to make excursions to big cities, to take part in sport competitions and deliver students from small villages to their school in town.

 There are names in the names of schools in Britain: Manchester School, Mary Hampden School, Abbey Road. Schools in Russia have numbers: School No. 5.

In the UK, students address teachers as Mr., Mrs. (Miss). In Russia, students address teachers by first name and patronymic.

School uniforms in the UK are mandatory: a tie is required, a uniform of dark colors, the presence of an emblem on the pocket, lockers for clothes, books, things.

School uniforms in Russia are not mandatory in all educational institutions.

III.Advantages and disadvantages of education in England and Russia: each education system has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the unconditional advantages of Russian education can be considered:

Advantages of Russia:

Ø High quality teaching

Ø A large amount of knowledge in various subjects

Ø High level of natural science and mathematical training

A significant plus is the new assessment and monitoring system for the child 's academic performance.

 Disadvantages:

Ø Teachers with rather low qualifications are becoming more common

Ø The Unified State Exam is also more of a minus than a plus.

Among the advantages of the education system in England the following can be noted:

ü Knowledge in all disciplines is given in a more concise, popular and simple way;

ü Students can choose the subjects they want to study;

ü The disadvantages usually include the rigidity of discipline and control, the presence of specific sets of punishments /rewards for each educational institution and unique teaching features.

ü  Asceticism is practiced in everyday life, skipping classes is not justified by mild or far-fetched ailments.

Differences and similarities of school education in England and Russia

• In Russia, the academic year is divided into quarters, 2-2.5 months each. In Britain, the academic year is divided into trimesters.

• British schools, in comparison with Russian ones, differ in significant loyalty. If there are high demands on students in our schools, then in Britain there is significantly less demand from them, grades are given without much rigor. Everything is built on consciousness and responsibility, respect for the personality of the student.

• In Russia, children go to first grade at the age of 6-7, and in Britain — at 5-6. At 10-11 years old, children in both countries graduate from primary school and move on to secondary school.

• In Russia, 9 grades of secondary school are mandatory. In Britain, education up to the age of 16 is also considered compulsory.

IV. Practical Part

At the beginning of our work, we hypothesized that you can get a good education in any of these countries. In order to confirm or refute this hypothesis, you should use the research method - a questionnaire.

The survey was conducted among students in grades 10-11 of our school. The number of respondents was 20 people.

1.       When did you start school?

 Most of the students answered that they went to school at age 7 (80%), the rest at 6 (25%), and only 5% answered, that they went to school at the age of 8.

2.       If you had the opportunity, would you like to study abroad?

 70% said they would like to. 30% would not like to.

3.       If you had a choice, which school would you attend: private or general education?

 General education-65%; private-35%.

4.       Are you satisfied with the general education system in Russia?

80% are satisfied. There are shortcomings-20%.

5.       Where is the best place to get an education?

The students decided that it is better to semi-study education in Russia 90% and less than 10% want to get it abroad.

6.       When did you start school?

 Most of the students answered that they went to school at age 7 (80%), the rest at 6 (25%), and only 5% answered, that they went to school at the age of 8.

7.       If you had the opportunity, would you like to study abroad?

 70% said they would like to. 30% would not like to.

 

Survey conclusion: based on the results of the survey, we can conclude that students are satisfied with the system of basic general education in Russia.

V. The significance  of the research work.

The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that the study itself is of greater interest to students, their parents and teachers. We believe that the use of such information in the classroom, a comparison of English-speaking schools and schools in Russia, will contribute to the cognitive activity of students, expand their communication capabilities, will contribute to the creation of positive motivation in the lesson, as well as motivation for admission to Russian universities.

This research is an urgent task, the solution of which provides an opportunity to improve the educational process in accordance with the demands of post-industrial society:

- borrowing the best experience,

- identification by comparing the weaknesses of school education in different countries.

Summing up the results of the conducted study of education in schools in Russia and England, we can name their main features.

1. The presence of a specific goal and objectives. Educational systems are created and operate in accordance with certain goals and objectives that reflect the needs of society in the education and training of the younger generation.

2. Purposefulness and purposefulness. The main function of any educational system is the formation of a person's personality. The development of those inclinations in each member of society that will contribute to his socialization.

3. The presence of a structure consisting of subordinate elements. The structure of the educational system is formed based on its functional purpose. Each element is a minimal structural unit of the system and has a specific purpose. The configuration and strength of the entire system depend on the correctness of the content of the elements and their characteristics.

4. The availability of a variety of educational technologies. Each pedagogical technology is aimed at solving a certain didactic task of the educational system and ensures the interconnection of its elements. The pedagogical technology is the methods and means of working with children, the level of qualification of the teacher, etc.

5. The existence of relationships between the participants of the educational system. The nature of the relationship is determined by the socio-pedagogical status of the participants. Depending on the nature of the relationship between the participants, a restructuring or adaptation of the system is acceptable. The participants of the educational system are: teachers, students, pupils, parents.

In conclusion, Russian education has always been famous for its traditions and high learning outcomes. Education in Russia is not inferior in terms of learning outcomes to British education. A student today should be able to keep up with the pace of an ever-changing world, and Russian education will always be prestigious.

Another advantage is the fact that such students have an excellent opportunity to learn languages not with tutors or books, but among their native speakers, which, of course, plays an important role. Anyone who has dreamed of traveling will definitely appreciate this opportunity, because you can really learn about the country only by visiting its expanses for a while, as well as getting closely acquainted with all its traditions and culture.

The cost of education depends on various factors. So, the country, the level of the educational institution, the selected program, and the duration of study are important. Very often, the price also includes accommodation in the country.

VI.Conclusion

During our research work the following tasks were completed: the material above that theme was systematized and analyzed; similarities and differences were determined; practical part of work was done.

The systems of education at schools in Russia and Great Britain were different but they have similarities, students attend classes in both countries. Systems of education in two countries had advantages and disadvantages. Russian students enjoy studying in Russia.

VII. The sources of information

Биболетова М.З. Английский язык: Английский язык с удовольствием/Enjoy English

Учебник для 7 классов общеобразовательных учреждений.-Обнинск:Титул,2008.-160с.: ил.

Учебник для 10 классов общеобразовательных учреждени.-Обнинск: Титул, 2010.-216 с.: ил.

Голицинский Ю. Великобритания. -Санкт-Петербург:,2004.-480с.:ил.

Жуков А.Д. Образование в России: Проблемы и решения. – Москва, ЭКМОС, 2010. – 154 с. Ковалёва, Г.С. Состояние российского образования / Г.С. Ковалёва // Педагогика. - 2009. - № 2. - С. 80 - 88.

Кошманова И.И. 90 тем на английском языке .-м.: Айрис-пресс, 2003.-2-е издание.288 с.: ил Кузьменко, Н.Е. О модернизации образования в России / Н.Е. Кузьменко, В.В. Лунин, О.Н. Рыжова // Педагогика. - 2010. - № 3. - С. 107 - 116.

Н.А. Савченко, Инновации в образовании: основания и смысл [Электронный ресурс]

Н.А. Савченко, Инновации в образовании: сущность и социальные механизмы [Электронный ресурс]

Немыкина А.И., Ракова К.И.120 устных тем по английскому языку. 5-11 класс. К., ГИППВ, 1997.-272 с. Российская Федерация. Законы / Закон Российской Федерации «Об образовании». - М.: Омега-Л, 2009. - 64 с. - (Законы Российской Федерации).

Тарасюк Л.Н.,Цейкович К.Н. Образование в Великобритании.//Социально-политический журнал, №3,2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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