MUSIC THERAPY

MUSIC THERAPY - ITS FORMS, TYPES AND METHODS

Baxtiyar Ergashbayev Mirzamaxmudovich

Andijan State University

Faculty of Art History

Department of Music Education

Abstract: Music therapy has been known for several centuries. Even in the days of Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle, the healing effects of music were mentioned. Avicenna is a famous physician who used music in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. In the modern world, the first serious mentions of the use of music therapy date back to the 19th century, when the French physician Eskirol began to introduce listening to music in psychiatric hospitals. Then the doctor relied only on his own intuition, but later the therapy received weighty scientific justification. Currently, it is actively used in psychiatry and other areas.

Key words: music therapy, diseases, genre, music, treatment, emotional release, regulation of emotional state, struggle with personal troubles, reduction of stress level.

Not everyone has heard of such a method of treatment as music therapy. However, it has been used all over the world for quite some time. You may be surprised, but music therapy is a great way to get rid of not only emotional distress, but also many physical ailments. So how does music therapy work and who can it help? Let's consider this topic in more detail.

This happens individually or by a group of people. Music can be played in the background in combination with several other corrective techniques that increase the effectiveness of the impact. The method is used to eliminate various emotional deviations and to correct some fears. The positive influence of music has been noticed in the treatment of some serious diseases.

Music therapy has been known for centuries. Even in the days of Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle, the healing effects of music were mentioned. Avicenna is a famous doctor who used music in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. In the modern world, the first serious mentions of the use of music therapy date back to the 19th century, when the French physician Eskirol began to introduce listening to music in psychiatric hospitals. Then the doctor relied only on his own intuition, but later the therapy received weighty scientific justification. Currently, it is actively used in psychiatry and other areas.

Diseases in the treatment of which psychotherapy is often used: neurasthenia, neurosis, insomnia, psychosis and schizophrenia. There are also positive aspects in the treatment of heart disease, ulcers, bronchitis, problems of the genitourinary system, gastritis. This is especially useful information for patients who are allergic to essential medications.

Music therapy, unlike most other methods of treatment, is quite self-medicating. There are even special collections, combined into separate collections, and contributing to the treatment of certain ailments. Music therapy cannot completely replace the necessary treatment, but it can reduce the doses of medications taken, and achieve an analgesic effect.

The purpose of conducting music therapy.

Certain genres of music have a calming effect, give a relaxing and pacifying effect - this has long been beyond doubt. In addition, the melody used in music therapy affects the general background of the mood. It does not depend on the ability of the listener, and happens by itself.

In general, the course of correction with the help of such therapy can include the following goals:

• Emotional release.

• Regulation of the emotional state.

• Fighting personal troubles.

• Reduced stress levels.

It is also believed that some compositions can help combat certain physical ailments.

Music therapy as a method of personality psychocorrection.

Musical compositions have a direct impact on different systems of human organs, affecting the depth of breathing, the speed of activity of neural pathways, heart contraction, relaxation or muscle tension. Due to the effects of therapy, changes in the emotional state occur. Example: An anxious person begins to calm down. It has been noticed that the heart rate is reduced with the help of certain medications and listening to musical compositions.

Music therapy is a good assistant with neuroses, regulation of psycho-vegetative reactions. Certain compositions lead to the normalization of the emotional background, help to form new communication skills, contribute to socialization, the formation of new strategies and life guidelines.

Music therapy corrects a wide range of mental conditions, but in serious disorders, it becomes an auxiliary function. At certain stages, therapy is not at all recommended. Patients experiencing acute psychotic conditions can only complicate their situation. Reason: music will make them immerse themselves in their images, fantasies, which will worsen the situation. Before exiting the acute phase, the patient's main goal is to establish a connection with reality. When a stable state is fixed, then it is permissible to start working on the emotional component.

Treatment with music is undesirable for epileptics. Music waves affect brain activity and, when resonated, can cause seizures.

Therapy is ideal for treating depressed moods, but medication support should be used to manage major depression.

Forms and types of music therapy.

Let's take a closer look at the types of music therapy:

• Experimental. She is engaged in the study of various musical influences on humans.

• Clinical. It is used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.

• Integrative. It takes place in combination with other therapies related to art (dancing, painting, etc.).

• Thematic. It is based on a plot and a lecture on a specific topic (example: the work of a certain musician).

• Background. Used as a background during psychotherapeutic activities.

• Active. The person himself creates the melody by playing instruments, singing or beating a rhythm.

• Receptive. A person passively listens to a piece of music or its individual moments.

Each type and form of music therapy has its own nuances. Some are suitable for individual lessons, others for group lessons. The program is selected by a psychotherapist. If the patient chooses what does not suit him at all, and his expectations are not met, then the condition will worsen.

Today, the types of music therapy are divided into two schools: Swedish and American.

The Swedish School of Music Therapy emphasizes that music acts on a physical level and is able to reach even the deepest layers of the personality. Therapy is used to establish contact when a person demonstrates closeness or there is no opportunity to work in the system of dialogue communication. In this case, you can work with the emotions that the music provokes. Music is divided into calming and energizing.

The American School focuses on the study of how a particular composition affects the human psyche. As a result, catalogs of works have been developed to provide assistance for certain disorders. The theoretical basis is based on the theory of psychoanalysis. The main purpose of music is to open channels for the release of accumulated emotions. This helps in situations where there are fears, anxious thoughts and other mechanisms that block the natural course of emotional experiences. According to the American approach, each type of disease requires a specific composition previously tested by specialists.

How are music therapy sessions carried out?

Sessions usually do not take long. Sometimes one piece is enough, lasting 5-30 minutes, after which the specialist offers to discuss the impressions. In general, the session often ranges from 30 to 45 minutes. The total number of sessions is directly related to the patient's condition. It may take 10-20 visits to the music therapy room - rooms with good sound insulation, comfortable furniture. It is believed that sessions without headphones are more beneficial.

With an individual approach, the choice of music is based on the client's preferences, varying with each new session. Perhaps a complex will be selected for listening at home.

With group therapy, it takes more time to build trust. The selection of works is based on the general problems of patients (neuroses, apathy, insomnia, and so on).

Music therapy for children.

The advantages of music therapy make it possible to use it in work with children. Harmlessness, affordability and ease of use make it a good solution for many families. Parents usually ask a specialist to select a set of works that will help to cope with the problems that have arisen. More often they prefer to carry out music therapy at home, in natural conditions for the child. Even if other methods of correction are needed, music therapy remains a good help, since it is usually more profitable and affordable, both financially and in terms of time.

The structure of a child's brain is sensitive to any stimulus. Vibration and rhythm have an impact on the physical and emotional level, bringing harmony to many processes in the body.

The sensitivity of the child makes it possible to monitor the foci of malfunctioning organs, emotional state. With the wrong choice of compositions or their uniformity, an undesirable effect may occur.

Music therapy is used from an early age. This is especially useful for children who have suffered from a lack of oxygen. The peculiarities of the structure of their brain do not provide the necessary production of enzymes, however, music therapy helps to increase the activity of their production. This fact has been confirmed by many researchers. There is an improvement in the work of the cardiovascular system, as well as the respiratory system. The child becomes calmer, falls asleep better.

Previously, it was assumed that the effect has a rhythm, not a melody, but then these theories were refuted - rhythmic sounds had a depressing effect on cellular activity, inhibiting development. It is important to take this into account when choosing musical compositions for a baby. It is preferable to choose classical pieces, but watch the individual reactions of the baby.

The oldest form of music therapy is lullabies. Many centuries ago, the beneficial effects of certain songs on babies were noticed. Lullabies combined several developmental factors at once: intuitive melody correction, contact with the mother. The presence of words in lulling compositions has a harmonizing effect - they are more useful than wordless melodies. Lullabies are reflections of the culture in which the child was born, and this, on an unconscious level, has a calming effect on him.

Therapy is used in children's groups not only as a method of correcting disorders, but also as a means of development. Melodies have a positive effect on intelligence and creative imagination, the inner formation of the aesthetic.

If it is customary in a child's family to listen to good music, then he manages to socialize better and find a way out of difficult situations. This method can expand children's perception of the world around them, where there are many opportunities and ways. It becomes easier for the child to demonstrate feelings, set and complete tasks.

Music therapy for the elderly.

Previously, music therapy was not used very much with elderly patients, but then its positive aspects were still appreciated - this turned out to be a real discovery.

Listening to music has become both a way of contacting the outside world and a way of perceiving it. In parallel, the existing violations are being corrected. What is the impact process based on? It's simple: the vibrations of music resonate with vibrations emanating from the human body, as well as its individual systems and cells. When the harmony is disturbed, the vibrations of the body change - the melodies can re-tune into the correct and familiar rhythm. This is noticeable in the activity of individual systems. Example: some compositions improve memory, others bring blood pressure back to normal.

Over the years, the harmony of the organism ceases to be a given - it needs care and support. This need cannot be ignored - it threatens with diseases of the body. In addition, the psyche, which previously coped with many emotional stress, is more sensitive with age, and long-standing psychological traumas surface.

The most popular area of ​​use of psychotherapy among the elderly: normalization of blood pressure, sedation. The first session is able to demonstrate positive results. There are frequent cases when the effectiveness of treatment with melodies was noticed during rehabilitation after strokes and various complications. Due to the increased activity of cells, the recovery process is accelerated.

The treatment has proven to be effective in stimulating intellectual abilities, improving brain activity. In old age, this is the prevention of senile dementia, any memory impairment. As you know, the ability to search for new ways of adaptation to environmental conditions can be called an indicator of the youth of an organism. It really is. It has been noticed that if the life of an elderly person is filled with a variety of musical melodies, they adapt more successfully, are in constant development, and master previously unfamiliar industries. It is important to remember: this effect is not present when listening to the same type of music. The opposite happens: a person degrades in development. This applies not only to old age, but also to anyone else.

With age-related crises, music therapy is very important. It is believed that the most difficult is the midlife crisis, but it is followed by an equally important period when goals, worldview, and priorities change. A person loses more and more close people, the capabilities of the body change, as well as the general way of life.

These changes are rarely spoken about, but they are not inferior in strength to the adolescent period - their effects are no less intense. A person does not know how to adapt to a constantly changing world, what to expect from himself, from those around him.

Music therapy makes it possible to release emotions in a new way, to reconsider the attitude towards different events. It is recommended to listen carefully to the rhythm of the works - thanks to this, it is easier for a person to find new strategies for building a future life. Many people stop panicking because of the rapidly running time. They seem to "slow down", learn to enjoy the present, look for new opportunities for realization.

What is the Mozart effect.

The phenomenon has long been known in the medical world. The Mozart effect is the harmonizing effect of the music of the famous composer on brain activity, energy, and physical well-being.

Classical music undoubtedly has a positive effect on the human body. Often, pregnant women are recommended to listen to such compositions. Doctors say that this has a beneficial effect on the unborn baby, who will later find it easier to reveal their talents. At the end of the twentieth century, the topic of the amazing impact of Mozart's music on the human brain was especially often raised in scientific circles. The unique influence has been called the Mozart effect. To this day, the controversy continues among scientists discussing the nature of this feature. However, the facts speak for themselves.

The first experiments on this topic were carried out on rodents. For about two months, the rats were forced to listen to the same thing for 12 hours a day. It was Mozart's Sonata in C major. Listening led to the activation of their cerebral cortex - they seemed to have grown wiser. It turned out that after such music therapy, the rodents began to run the maze 30 percent faster than before. In addition, they now made mistakes 27 percent less often than normal rats.

If we talk about people, then scientists have begun to study brain activity using magnetic resonance. According to research, all music affects the human brain. It has a stimulating effect on the area that is the auditory center. Areas of the brain responsible for emotions can be stimulated.

But only listening to Mozart's music can stimulate the activation of the entire cortex. Why it happens?

There are some interesting scientific theories on this score. The power of the effect of musical compositions on the brain has received evidence in two directions: the frequency of sound and the frequency of the rhythm change.

The latter has a connection with the fact that our brain is cyclical in its activity. Simply put, the nervous system has a rhythm of about 20-30 seconds. According to scientists, the resonance in the cerebral cortex is caused by sound waves vibrating at the same frequency. American researchers decided to analyze the frequency characteristics of the music of several dozen composers to determine how often 20-30 seconds waves are present in their compositions.

After bringing all the data into one table, it became obvious that the authors of most modern pop projects were at the very bottom by this indicator. Mozart, meanwhile, is in the top position. His compositions, possessing inimitable nuances, overflow of musical sounds and overflows, really have unique properties, ideally suited to the biorhythms of the human brain.

Examples of therapeutic music.

For music therapy, atmospheric music is suitable, which helps to achieve complete relaxation and psychological relief. This music is recommended for people suffering from chronic fatigue or recent stress, or those who have a very intense lifestyle. In general, we are talking about people who need a "respite."

Therapeutic music includes classics by Mozart, recordings with sounds of nature, various soothing melodies. Also worth noticing is the work of Jeffrey Thompson, an expert in the field of stimulating sound recordings. As an outstanding musician and composer, he managed to develop a way to use modulated sound impulses to influence the human condition, namely, to positively influence the body and mind.

The first album was released in 1986, titled Isle of Sky. It took 5 years of scientific work to create it. Nowadays his collections are actively used by American psychologists.

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