Научная статья "Экологические проблемы"

The Quality of Drinking Water in Yalutorovsk.

Tselousova Oksana Anatolyevna

Russia. Tyumen Region, Yalutorovsk, Municipal Autonomous Institution of General Education “Secondary school № 4”, Form 11^a

The Scientific Article.

The title of this research work is «The Quality of Drinking Water in Yalutorovsk». This problem was chosen because it is interesting and acute. It is a big hygienic issue in Russia including Yalutorovsk widely discussed on different levels nowadays. The quality of drinking water in Yalutorovsk is an open question. This work summarizes what is now known about it in the south of Tyumen Region and in Yalutorovsk. The quality of water is a problem of the whole society, despite some of its members think that it is not, because healthy persons form a healthy society.

Undoubtedly, health is the most precious thing in people’s life. Every person should remember the proverb «Health is above wealth» That’s why the problem of clear drinking water is the most important topic for all categories of people in Yalutorovsk.

The famous scientist and epidemiologist K.I. Skryabin stated “Judging by the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of population it is possible to make conclusions about the nation’s health and culture”.

The comparative analysis of the quality of water is necessary and important nowadays. The statistics and analysis will help to solve many problems in the sphere of health.

The aim of the research work is to analyze the quality of drinking water in Yalutorovsk.

To be exact, the following points:

1. The dangerous complications of the unsatisfactory quality of water.
2. Drinking water as a source of essential minerals.
3. The major water pollutants and water treatment
4. Serious attitude to the quality of water is one of the main factors of healthy generation.

The subject is the population in Yalutorovsk.

The object is drinking water in Yalutorovsk as a source of life.

The purposes of the research work are:

a)      to choose and study data;

b)      to read necessary literature;

c)      to analyze facts and data;

d)      to make conclusions;

The following methods were used:

• theoretical methods – reading, choosing and analyzing literature.
• practical methods – making a survey of the quality of water in the south of Tyumen Region;

·         communicative methods –  a) talks with my parents, friends and classmates;

b) sociological surveys of my friends and classmates.

Medical research has found that careless attitude to this the quality of water is a major contributing factor towards many human health problems. Research also showed that of the unsatisfactory quality of water is an important cause of premature death worldwide.

What can be done to improve the quality of water? According to the World Health Organization, different factors influence the quality of water. Among them are:

Ø  Organoleptic

Ø  Sanitary & chemical

Ø  Microbiological

Ø  Parasitic

Ø  Radioactive.

The Main Characteristics of Drinking Water in Yalutorovsk are

·         Good aesthetic quality

·         High water hardness

·         Too much Ferrum

·         Too much Ammonia

·         No chlorine.

Here comes the question – how to improve the quality of water? Actually it is one of the most acute problems for the scientists to deal with.

The system of water treatment in the south of Tyumen Region including Yalutorovsk is rather sufficient and effective. Water treatment includes filtration, coagulation, aeration, disinfection, chlorination, fluorisation, iodination.

The hygiene of population and sanitation is on a rather high level.

The Sanitary Service in the south of Tyumen Region including Yalutorovsk faces a certain set of sanitary and epidemiological problems. It has comparatively favourable conditions in the sphere of water treatment. The Sanitary Service in our region is ready to meet overwhelming needs of population. As for the countryside water treatment leaves much to be desired. It requires additional research.

Water is truly the elixir of life. Antuan de Sent-Ekzuperi said “Water, you have no taste, no colour, no smell, it is impossible to describe you. You fill us with joy that cannot be explained by our feelings, you are the life itself”. Every cell in our body needs water as nourishment. Proper daily intake of water is essential for maintaining good health. Water is required to keep every part of the body and all of its processes in working order. It is the primary source of cellular energy. It activates nerve endings and skin sensors, and it provides antioxidants that flush free radicals out through the kidneys and remove toxins and waste. Water scarcity potentially leads to different diseases.

It is obvious that water is a source of essential minerals. Drinking water in Yalutorovsk contains 21 mineral elements essential for humans. This number includes calcium (Ca+2), magnesium (Mg+2), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), ferrous iron (Fe+2), copper (Cu+2), zinc (Zn+2), manganese (Mn+2), phosphorus as PO4-3, fluorine as F- and others.

Iodine deficiency is characteristic of Tyumen Region. It reduces the immune system and influences physical and mental development and hormone functions. Iodine deficiency the basis of health problems in many parts of Tyumen Region.

Drinking water supplies may contain some of these essential minerals naturally or through deliberate or incidental addition. Water supplies in Tyumen Region are highly variable in their mineral contents. Many persons consume mineral waters because of the perception that they may be more healthful.

All countries including Russia have their own legal drinking water standards. These prescribe which substances can be in drinking water and what the maximum amounts of these substances are. The standards are called maximum contaminant levels. They are formulated for any contaminant that may have adverse effects on human health and it is necessary to follow them up. If water is purified to make it suitable to drink it will be tested for a number of dangerous pollutants in order to establish the present concentrations.

Experts from many countries and international organizations including Russia have defined nutritional needs and recommendations. They are organoleptic, sanitary & chemical, microbiological, parasitic, radioactive.

There exist the following water pollutants in Yalutorovsk

·         petroleum products;

·         pesticides and herbicides;

·         heavy metals;

·         fertilizers;

·         infectious organisms and pathogens.

Тhе major water pollutants аге chemical, biological, and physical materials that lessen the water quality. Pollutants сan bе separated into several different classes.

Тhе first class is petroleum products: оil, fuel, lubrication, plastics. Many petroleum products аrе poisonous for animals.

Тhе second class is pesticides and herbicides. There are chemicals used to kill harmful animals and plants. If they реnetrate into streams, rivers and lakes these chemicals саn bе very dangerous. Тhе chemicals саn remain poisonous for а long time.

Тhе third class are heavy metals such as mercury, selenium, uranium, radium, cesium, etc. Тhеу get into water from industries and  automobile exhausts. Неаvу metals also bесоmе more harmful as they follow the food chain. Тhеу accumulate in living being's cells and when they reach high levels of concentration in the organism, they саn bе extremely poisonous, or саn result in long - term health problems. Тhеу саn sometimes cause liver and kidney damage.

The fourth class is fertilizers and other nutrients used to promote plant growth оn farms and in gardens.

The fifth class is infectious organisms and pathogens. They enter water through sewage and storm drains.

The last one is thermal pollution. Water is often taken from rivers and lakes to bе used in factories. The water is usually returned to the source warmer than when it was taken. It breaks а bаlance and саn cause serious circumstances in future.

Drinking water is usually subjected to one or more treatment processes aimed at improving its safety and its aesthetic quality. Fresh waters can be treated by one or more processes such as coagulation, sedimentation, granular media filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, slow sand filtration, and disinfection, and sometimes softening.

Water is available almost everywhere if proper methods are used to get it. Sources where water may be obtained include:

·         groundsources;

·         water from the sky;

·         surface water;

·         ground water;

·         artesian water;

·         mineral water

·         spring water.

The problem of the quality of water is very acute and to avoid harmful complications we ought to enlarge the development of programs of water treatment. People should understand that they are the first step to health and good future.

The regional government should decrease the harmful influence and complications of the unsatisfactory quality of water.

The careless attitude to water is risky for all categories of people. Furthermore, preventive measures are usually simple and cheap. Modern Sanitary Service in the south of Tyumen Region including Yalutorovsk is ready to meet overwhelming needs of population.

Recommended strategies of water treatment in the south of Tyumen Region will afford it. Some new aquifers were made in Yalutorovsk to improve the quality of drinking water. In 2014 the water treatment station will be reconstructed for this purpose.

To be healthy is wonderful, but not easy. It is a real science and one of its branches is to form the culture of health. The system of sanitary care in the south of Tyumen Region is rather sufficient and effective. Tyumen Region promotes sanitary services of highly trained personnel. The hygiene of population and sanitation is on a rather high level.

Among many problems which are burning today for our society the problem of ecology, to be exact water pollution is one of the most urgent problems. For many years people lived in harmony with the environment. But with the development of civilization human's interference in nature began to increase. It is important to find a universal formula of combining technical progress with healthy living. The ecological balance is so fragile nowadays. That is why ecology is a very popular word today. This word means home. As for us our home is Yalutorovsk.

The great thinker Ganlui stated “The Earth has enough for every man’s need, but not for man’s greed”.

The Quality of Drinking Water in Yalutorovsk.

Tselousova Oksana Anatolyevna

Russia. Tyumen Region, Yalutorovsk, Municipal Autonomous Institution of General Education “Secondary school № 4”, Form 11^a

The Research Plan

The materials of this project can be used in extracurricular activities at school and for writing scientific articles.

The Quality of Drinking Water in Yalutorovsk.

Tselousova Oksana Anatolyevna

Russia. Tyumen Region, Yalutorovsk, Municipal Autonomous Institution of General Education “Secondary school № 4”, Form 11^a

Literature List

1.       Calderon. R. and G. Craun, Water Hardness and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Epidemiological Studies 1957-78.

2.       Cotruvo, J.A., Desalination Guideline Development for Drinking Water.

3.       Howard G, Bartram J. Domestic Water Quantity, Service, Level and Health. World Health Organization, 2003.

4.       Grandjean, A., Water Requirements, Impinging Factors and Recommended Intakes. Hydration: Fluids for Life, 2004, Monograph Series.

5.       Grandjean AC, Reimers KJ, Haven MC, Curtis GL. The effect on hydration of two diets, one with and one without plain water. JACN 2003

6.       Klevay, M. and G.F. Combs Jr., Mineral Elements Related to Cardiovascular Health.

7.       Kozisek, F., Health Risks from Drinking Demineralized Water.

8.       Olivares, M. and R. Uauy, Nutrient Minerals in Drinking Water: Overview.

9.       Ong, C.N., Minerals from Drinking Water: Bioavailability for Various World Populations and Health Implications.

10.   The Report about Sanitary & Epidemiological well-being of the population in Tyumen Region in 2011. Tyumen, 2012.

11.   Скачано с www.znanio.ru