11 class

PRESENT PERFECT (I have done)

We use Present Perfect when we talk about:

—                                   something that happened in the past, but we don't specify precisely when it happened. A French yachtsman has broken the record for sailing round the world single-handed.

I have complained about the traffic before.

—                                  some kind of connection between what happened in the past, and the present time. I're washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking.

We can't go ahead with the meeting, because very few people have shown any interest.

—       how long an existing situation has lasted.

They have grown such a lot since we last saw them. Prices have fallen sharply over the past six months.

—                 an action or event has been repeated а number of times up to now.

They have been to Chile three times.

I have often wished I'd learned to read music.

—                someone has recently invented, produced, discovered or written something.

Scientists have discovered that all over the world, millions of frogs and toads are dying. Two schoolchildren have invented a device for moving large objects up flights of stairs.

—                a situation with some time adverbs already, since (last week), so far, still, up to now, yet, just,

lately, ever, never.

Don't disturb Amy. She has just gone to sleep.

have you seen Robert lately?

—       after a superlative.

It's one of the most magnificent views I have ever seen. (— in my whole life)

—                 with This is th_e first_time..., it is the first time...

This is the first time he has driven а car.

It is the first time I have taken this exam.

—                                      а situation with time adverbs today, this morning /week/ month, be used with either the present perfect or past simple. If we see today etc. as а past, completed period of time, then we use the past simple; if we see today, etc. as а period including the present moment, then we use the present perfect. Compare:

I didn't shave today (= the usual time has passed; suggests I will not shave today) and

I haven't shaved today. (= today is not finished; I may shave later or may not)

I wrote three letters this morning. (— the morning is over) and

I've written three letters this morning. (= it is still morning)

Task 1. Choose а verb with either the Present Perfect or the Past Simple for these sentences.

agree            appear         continue       disappear         move       reach       show        solve       write

1.       Research                                                         that cycling can help patients overcome their illnesses.

2.        The rabbit just                                                        in my garden one day last week.

3.        With this promotion, I feel that I                                                       а turning point in my career.

4.        Oh, no! Му car                                                                    !

5.        Quite early in the negotiations, they                                                                  to lower the prices.

6.        In 1788 he                                                          his last great work in Vienna.

7.        There's not much more to do, now that we                                                         the main problem.

8.        Throughout the summer of 1980 Malcolm                                                              to divide his time between

London and New York.

9.        When he was 13, his parents                                                          to the United States.

Task 2. Choose а verb that can complete both sentences in each pair. Use either the Present

Perfect or the Past Simple.

irear                                            stay               see                  be                    free

1.                a The price of houses                                               dramatically in recent years.

b Unemployment                                                              every year until 1985 and then started to fall.

2.                  а At his wedding he    а green suit and red tie.

b These are the glasses I                                                   ever since I was 30.

3.                a The company                                    many setbacks in its 50-year history, but it is now flourishing. b Few of the trees in our village                                                                     the storms during the winter of 1991.

4.                a This                                 his home for over 20 years and he doesn't want to leave it.

b When I picked up the coffee I                                           surprised to find it that it was cold.

5.                а So far it's been so cold that we                                      in the house all day. b We   with Mike and Sue last weekend.

6.                а I last                                          you in Beijing three years ago.

b I never                                                     anyone play so well in my whole life.

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