Australia occupies the continent of Australia, which lies south-east of Asia and the island of Tasmania with a number of small islands.
It is washed by the Timor Sea in the north, by the Coral and Tasman Seas in the east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south and west. Australia is the droughtiest continent on the earth. About one half of its territory is occupied by deserts and semi deserts. It is also the land of Great Plains.Australia occupies the continent of Australia, which lies south-east of Asia and the island of Tasmania with a number of small islands.
It is washed by the Timor Sea in the north, by the Coral and Tasman Seas in the east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south and west. Australia is the droughtiest continent on the earth. About one half of its territory is occupied by deserts and semi deserts. It is also the land of Great Plains.
портфолио авсралия.docx
Министерство образования и науки РФ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«Дагестанский государственный педагогический университет»
филиал в г. Дербенте
Кафедра филологии
Факультет иностранных языков
ПОРТФОЛИО
по учебной практике
(страноведческая практика)
студентки 3 курса (заочное отделение)
Имамовой Назимы Бинямудиновны
руководитель
:
Научный
_______________________________
20152016 учебный год raphical Position of Australia
Geog
Official name: Commonwealth of Australia
Status: Independent federative state, within the Commonwealth headed by the British Queen
Area: 7,687,000 sq.km.
Population: 23 325 744 (2014)
Nationality: Australian
Capital: Canberra
Australia occupies the continent of
Australia, which lies southeast of Asia and the
island of Tasmania with a number of small
islands.
It is washed by the Timor Sea in the north,
by the Coral and Tasman Seas in the east, and
by the Indian Ocean in the south and west.
Australia is the droughtiest continent on the
earth. About one half of its territory is occupied
by deserts and semi deserts. It is also the land of
Great Plains.
The main part of Australia lies in tropics.
Southwestern parts of the country are situated in
subtropics. December, January and February are
summer months in Australia. The average
summer temperature there is from 20 to 30 degrees above zero. Winter comes in June, July and
August. Then the average temperature is from 12 to 20 degrees above zero. Droughts are common in Australia. The rainfall in the country is rather small, and that’s why a
special plan was worked out for irrigation of plains. The largest rivers in Australia are the Darling and
the Murray. In the middle part of Australia there are salt lakes, such as Lake Eyre and Torrence.
Australia is an agricultural country. Cattlebreeding is highly developed in Australia. It exports
sheep wool, wheat, meat, butter and cheese, and raw materials. Its major partners are Japan, the USA
and Great Britain.
Australian
Symbols
The Australian Flag
The Australian Flag has 3 elements to it:
• The British Union Jack Remembering the British settlement
• The Commonwealth star/Federation Star This is the 7 point star that features below the
union jack flag. Each point on the star symbolises the unity of the 6 original states and the territories
of the Commonwealth of Australia
• Southern Cross The stars on the right hand side form the formation of the Southern Cross.
This star formation can only be seen from the southern hemisphere so is a reminder of Australia's
geography The Commonwealth Coat of Arms
The Coat of Arms features two animals The Emu and the Kangaroo. It is claimed that these
animals are featured because they are both native to Australia and both find it difficult to go
backwards they can only ever advance, going forward.
The shield itself is to represent the 6 states of Australia:
• New South Wales – the Cross of St George with lion and stars
• Victoria – the Southern Cross
• Queensland – a blue Maltese Cross and Crown
• South Australia – the Australian piping shrike
• Western Australia – a black swan
• Tasmania – a red walking lion The National Anthem
Here are the words to the National Anthem. Did you know that Waltzing Matilda was nearly the
official Anthem for Australia? A referendum was held in the 1970's to choose between the two. 51%
of the population voted for Advance Australia Fair (below) and nearly 20% voted for Waltzing
Matilda.
Australians all let us rejoice
For we are young and free
We've golden soil and wealth for toil,
Our home is girt by sea:
Our land abounds in nature's gifts
Of beauty rich and rare,
In history's page let every stage
Advance Australia fair,
In joyful strains then let us sing
Advance Australia fair. Beneath our radiant Southern Cross,
We'll toil with hearts and hands,
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands,
For those who've come across the seas
We've boundless plains to share,
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
National Gemstone
The precious Opal, also
"the fire of the desert," was declared
National Gemstone on 28 July 1993. It
distinguished for its rarity and the
regions of Central Australia are the
largest producer of Opal.
Advance Australia fair.
The Floral Emblem
The floral emblem for Australia is the Golden
Wattle.
This is because it flowers in the Australian colours
of Green and Gold.
It is also tough enough to withstand droughts and
harsh weather just like the Australian people can cope
with adversity!
known as
Australia's
is
desert
world's
National
Colors
On 19 April 1984, the GovernorGeneral declared
Green and Gold as the National colors of Australia.
The colors have gained much popularity especially at
national and international sporting events. History of Australia
Prehistory
(Aboriginal rock art in
the Kimberleyregion of Western
Human habitation of the
Australia)
Australian
between
with the
short sea
Asia. These
ancestors of
time of
century,
continent is estimated to have begun
42,000 and 48,000 years ago, possibly
migration of people by land bridges and
crossings from what is now Southeast
first inhabitants may have been
modern Indigenous Australians. At the
European settlement in the late 18th
most Indigenous Australians
were huntergatherers, with a
complex oral culture and spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in
the Dreamtime. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists and
huntergatherers. The northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen
from Maritime Southeast Asia.
European arrival
The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland,
and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent,
are attributed to the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon. He sighted
the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, and made landfall
on 26 February at the Pennefather River near the modern town
of Weipa on Cape York. The Dutch charted the whole of the
western and northern coastlines and named the island continent
"New Holland" during the 17th century, but made no attempt at
settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer,
landed on the northwest coast of New Holland in 1688 and again in
1699 on a return trip. In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped
the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for
Great Britain. With the loss of its American colonies in 1783, the
British Government sent a fleet of ships, the "First Fleet", under the command of Captain Arthur
Phillip, to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales. A camp was set up and the flag raised
at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, on 26 January 1788, a date which became Australia's national
day, Australia Day, although the British Crown Colony of New South Wales was not formally
promulgated until 7 February 1788. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the
exploration and settlement of other regions. A British settlement was established in Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803,
and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the western part
of Western Australia (the Swan River Colony) in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of
New South Wales: South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. The Northern
Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia. South Australia was
founded as a "free province"—it was never a penal colony. Victoria and Western Australia were also
founded "free", but later accepted transported convicts. A campaign by the settlers of New South
Wales led to the end of convict transportation to that colony; the last convict ship arrived in 1848.
The indigenous population, estimated to have been between 750,000 and 1,000,000 in 1788,
declined for 150 years following settlement, mainly due to infectious disease. Thousands more died as
a result of frontier conflict with settlers. A government policy of "assimilation" beginning with
the Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 resulted in the removal of many Aboriginal children from their
families and communities—often referred to as the Stolen Generations—a practice which may also
have contributed to the decline in the indigenous population. The Federal government gained the
power to make laws with respect to Aborigines following the 1967 referendum. Traditional ownership
of land—aboriginal title—was not recognised until 1992, when the High Court case Mabo v
Queensland (No 2) overturned the legal doctrine that Australia had been terra nullius ("land belonging
to no one") before the European occupation. Colonial expansion
A gold rush began in Australia in the
1850s and the Eureka Rebellion against
licence fees in 1854 was an early expression
disobedience. Between 1855 and 1890, the six
individually gained responsible government,
most of their own affairs while remaining part
the British Empire. The Colonial Office in
retained control of some matters,not ably
affairs, defence, and international shipping.
Nationhood
(The Last Post is played at an Anzac
in Port Melbourne, Victoria. Similar
are held in many suburbs and towns.)
early
mining
of civil
colonies
managing
of
London
foreign
Day ceremony
ceremonies
On 1 January 1901, federation of the
colonies was
achieved after a decade of planning, consultation and voting. This established the Commonwealth of
Australia as a dominion of the British Empire. The Federal Capital Territory (later renamed the
Australian Capital Territory) was formed in 1911 as the location for the future federal capital of
Canberra. Melbourne was the temporary seat of government from 1901 to 1927 while Canberra was
being constructed. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of the South Australian
government to the federal parliament in 1911. In 1914, Australia joined Britain in fighting World War
I, with support from both the outgoing Commonwealth Liberal Party and the incoming Australian
Labor Party. Australians took part in many of the major battles fought on the Western Front. Of about
416,000 who served, about 60,000 were killed and another 152,000 were wounded. Many Australians
regard the defeat of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZACs) at Gallipoli as
the birth of the nation—its first major military action. The Kokoda Track campaign is regarded by
many as an analogous nationdefining event during World War II.
Britain's Statute of Westminster 1931 formally ended most of the constitutional links between
Australia and the UK. Australia adopted it in 1942, but it was backdated to 1939 to confirm the
validity of legislation passed by the Australian Parliament during World War II. The shock of the
United Kingdom's defeat in Asia in 1942 and the threat of Japanese invasion caused Australia to turn
to the United States as a new ally and protector. Since 1951, Australia has been a formal military ally
of the US, under the ANZUS treaty. After World War II Australia encouraged immigration from
Europe. Since the 1970s and following the abolition of the White Australia policy, immigration from
Asia and elsewhere was also promoted. As a result, Australia's demography, culture, and selfimage
were transformed. The final constitutional ties between Australia and the UK were severed with the
passing of the Australia Act 1986, ending any British role in the government of the Australian States,
and closing the option of judicial appeals to the Privy Council in London. In a 1999 referendum, 55%
of voters and a majority in every state rejected a proposal to become a republic with a president
appointed by a twothirds vote in both Houses of the Australian Parliament. Since the election of
the Whitlam Government in 1972, there has been an increasing focus in foreign policy on ties with
other Pacific Rim nations, while maintaining close ties with Australia's traditional allies and trading
partners.
Australian Government Australia has three levels of government – the federal Australian Government, the governments
of the six states and two territories, and around 700 local government authorities. Australia has been a
nation with a single national government since 1 January 1901. Although it is divided into states and
territories which have their own state governments, they are all united as one nation. Australia is a constitutional
monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II of the
United Kingdom as its head of state,
which is why Australia's national flag
comprises the Union Jack (along with
the Commonwealth Star and the
Southern Cross).
The Queen appoints the Governor
General of Australia as her
representative on the advice of the
elected Australian Government. The
GovernorGeneral appoints ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. Australia’s system of
government is based on the liberal democratic tradition, which includes religious tolerance and
freedom of speech and association.
The Australian Constitution sets out the functions of the Australian Government, such as foreign
relations and trade, defence and immigration. States and territories are responsible for matters not
assigned to the federal government.
There are two major political groups that usually form government, federally and in the states:
the Australian Labor Party, and the Coalition which is a formal grouping of the Liberal Party and its
minor partner, the National Party. This majority party or coalition becomes the government, decided at an election by Australian
citizens. The other major political party or coalition is called ‘the opposition’.
Multicultural Australia
Australian society is made up of people from a rich variety of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and
religious backgrounds, and this is a defining feature of modern Australian society.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have inhabited Australia for tens of thousands of
years. Most Australians are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants who arrived during the past
two hundred years from more than 200 countries. The country's population was just under 4 million people at the start of the 20th century,
almost doubled 45 years later and has more than tripled since then. And it is a different population
now.
At the end of the Second World War, 7.5 million people, most of Anglo Celtic origin
inhabited this country. Around the same number of immigrants have arrived on Australian shores
since then.
Today Australia has over 23,700,000 people. About 28% were born overseas. And an additional
20% have at least one parent born overseas.
Migrants have come from about 200 countries and have broadened the profile of the Australian
population. Our society is today richer, it is a mixture of cultures that blend into the same tolerant
and relaxed lifestyle. People speak more languages, eat a variety of foods they did not know of before, play new
sports and embrace new habits.
The most commonly spoken language in Australia is English, and the most commonly practiced
religion is Christianity, although foreign languages and other religions are also common.
Languages spoken in Australia
Surprisingly, an estimated 1 million migrants cannot speak English, a huge number in a country of
only around 20 million people, and some 3 million residents (around 15 per cent of the population)
speak a language other than English at home.
Sydney is Australia’s most multicultural city (closely followed by Melbourne), where four out of
six people in some suburbs speak a language other than English at home (overall some 30 per cent of
the population of Sydney doesn’t speak English at home). Sydney and Melbourne are home to around
65 per cent of all nonEnglish speaking migrants, who together speak a total of some 240 foreign
languages.
Many migrants predominantly use their mother tongue on a daytoday basis and have only a
smattering of English. Australia’s failure to train migrants in English is handicapping them in respect
of economic, political and social life, and ghettos are emerging where Australianborn children don’t speak fluent English. There’s a thriving ethnic radio and TV broadcasting network, the Special
Broadcasting Service (SBS), which was established in 1978 and broadcasts in the main cities.
Australian English is similar to British English but has its own colourful vernacular, called ‘ strine’
(from the way ‘Australian’ is pronounced with a heavy Australian accent), thrown in for good
measure. Strine (also calledOzspeak) is Australia’s greatest creative product and is full of
abbreviations, hyperbole, profanities, vulgar expressions and wordtweaking. Strine is the language of
a rebellious subculture and has its origins in theCockney (London) and Irish slang of the early
convicts. The use of strine and slang words varies with the state or region. The Australian language
also includes many words adopted from Aboriginal languages (see below).
Australians often cannot decide whether to use American or British spelling (e.g.
program/programme, labor/labour, etc.) and consequently misspellings abound. In everyday use,
many words have a completely different meaning in Australia than they do in other Englishspeaking
countries, such as crook (ill), game (brave),globe (light bulb), knock (criticise), ringer (top
performer), shout (round of drinks) and tube (can of beer).
Everything and anything is abbreviated in Australia, often by shortening any word with more than two
syllables and adding the vowel e or o on the end of it as
in derro (derelict), garbo (dustman), reffo (refugee) and rego (car registration), or adding a suffix such
as i, ie or y. Common Ozspeak
includes Aussie (Australian), barbie(barbecue), bl
owie (blowfly), brickie (bricklayer), chrissy (Chri
stmas), cossie (swimming
costume), footy (football),mozzie (mosquito), post
ie (postperson), tinny (can of beer)
and truckie (truck driver).
There are slight regional variations in the
Australian accent, although foreigners usually
find it difficult to detect them. Accents are
broader in isolated country areas than among the
middle class city dwellers, many of whom are of
British ancestry. Newcomers have difficulty
distinguishing between Australians and New
Zealanders (who, like Americans and Canadians,
don’t take kindly to being confused).
Australians tend to speak through their noses
(not moving your lips when talking keeps the flies
out), with a broad nasal drawl. The use of
expletives is widespread; many of them are used as a sign of familiarity and even affection (' bloody' is in everyday use and no longer considered a
swear word in Australia). Aussies believe in calling a spade a spade and to hell with the
consequences! Absurd comparisons are frequently used for emphasis such as ‘ as busy as a bricklayer
in Beirut’ (i.e. extremely busy), ‘ as useful as a wether at a ram sale’ (useless) and ‘ as straight as a
dog’s hind leg’ (bent).
Many books have been written about Australian vernacular speech, including the Aussie Talk
Macquarie Dictionary by
Delbridge (Macquarie
the Australian
Phrasebook (Lonely
Dinkum Dictionary by Leni
(Viking O’Neil) and The
Aussie Dictionary by
Beckett (Child and Henry).
Australian English
the Macquarie
Dictionary (compiled by the
University, Sydney), the
Aussie English (2,500
Arthur
Library),
Planet), The
Johannsen
Dinkum
Richard
The standard
dictionary is
Macquarie
bible of
pages!).
Aboriginal Languages
Australian Aboriginal (literally meaning ‘indigenous’) society has the longest unbroken cultural
history in the world, dating back around 60,000 years. When the First Fleet arrived in Australia in
1788, there were estimated to be around 250 Australian languages (all believed to have evolved from
a single language family) comprising some 700 dialects (although the British didn’t do any surveys
before massacring the natives). Of the original 250 or so languages, only around 20 survive today, but
these are spoken regularly and taught in schools. Kriol, spoken mostly in northern Australia, is the
most widely used Aboriginal language and the native language of many young Aboriginals. It contains many English words but the meanings are often different and the spelling is phonetic. Australian
education system
The Australian education system provides primary, secondary
and tertiary education.
School education (Primary and Secondary)
School education is similar across all of Australia with only minor variations between states and
territories. School education (primary and secondary) is compulsory between the ages of six and
sixteen (Year 1 to Year 9 or 10). School education is 13 years and divided into:
Primary school Runs for seven or eight years, starting at Kindergarten/Preparatory
through to Year 6 or 7.
Secondary school Runs for three or four years, from Years 7 to 10
Senior secondary school Runs for two years, Years 11 and 12.
Primary School
Primary education of Australia is seven years of preliminary courses, where children commence
their education at the age of 5 years (Year1) and will be completing at the age of 12 (Year7). This
level of education provides general education for the students and gets them ready for a role in society
and for the next level of education.
Secondary School
Students move to secondary school (Year8) at the age of 12 and it is mandatory to complete
their two years of ‘junior high school’ till the Year10, after which they have the option to discontinue
their education or can pursue their further course of study. Students have to accomplish another 2
years of ‘high school diploma’ (Year12). Students leaving their school after ‘junior high school’ can
also go for vocational education course or for apprenticeship training to enter the work force. Tertiary Education
Tertiary education in Australia is different to many other countries in that it is divided into two
sectors; Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Higher Education. Vocational Education and Training
All countries have a higher education sector which people usually associate with universities, but
Australia is one of just a few countries that have a vocational education sector where a trainee is
assessed by his or her acquisition of competencies, and focuses on the development of skills relevant
to a trade or field of skilled specialization. In fact, Australia's VET sector is internationally recognized
as providing world's best practice in vocational training, and qualifications from Australian VET
institutions are recognized worldwide.The VET sector is comprised of public and private training
institutions, referred to collectively as Registered Training Organizations (RTOs). Government
funded or public training institutions are known as colleges or institutes of Technical and Further
Education, or TAFE for short. All TAFE institutes offer a range of training courses from Certificate
level through to Advanced Diploma, and an increasing number now also offer undergraduate degree
(Bachelor) courses. While all TAFEs offer a fairly standard range of core training subjects, many also
provide training in more specialized fields, often relative to the particular skills requirements of the
workforce in their surrounding area.Australia's VET sector is characterized by a large number and
variety of private training organizations. Like TAFE, most private colleges offer standard core
subjects such as Business and Information Technology, but many also offer specializations both in
specific areas of the core subjects and in a wide variety of other courses. Students wishing to do
training in areas such as audio engineering for the music industry or computer graphics for digital
animation and gaming, and many of the natural or alternative therapies and even pilot training, are
well served by private colleges specializing in these fields. Independent education providers also offer
courses from Certificate through to Advanced Diploma levels, and an increasing number also offer
undergraduate degree (Bachelor) programs. A very small number are even accredited to offer Masters
programs.
Higher Education
Austr
alia's higher
education
sector
is
world class
and
all
Australia's
universities
have highly
active and comprehensive international programs. Universities in Australia have been welcoming international
students for more than a century, and today most campuses boast an ethnic mix in the student body of
50 or more nationalities. Cultural sensitivity, tolerance of religious observance and freedom of
expression are proudly promoted and encouraged by all Australian universities. Although every
Australian university is autonomous and sets its own standards and course offerings, each belongs to a
unified national system which ensures that at undergraduate level, all Australian university degrees are
nominally of equal quality. Australian universities are not officially ranked, as in some countries, but
instead are characterized by the types of courses they offer. While some are more traditional and place
great emphasis on research, others are more actively engaged in practical teaching, producing
workforceready, skilled graduates. Some universities also specialize in course and research programs
according to their location. For example, regional or country universities might offer programs in
Agriculture, Ecology and Animal Husbandry, while universities with campuses in tropical regions
might have developed courses in Tropical Medicine, Marine Biology and the like. Taken collectively,
the variety of programs available at Australian universities is as comprehensive as anywhere in the
world.The structure of Australian higher education follows a common 3+2+3 international model.
That is to say, the first (undergraduate) degree usually Bachelor is normally of 3 years duration.
This might be followed by a Masters degree, usually 2 years, and finally candidates may aspire to a
doctoral qualification, (e.g. PhD), usually 3 years in duration. There are variations, with some
professional undergraduate degrees requiring 4 or more years and some Masters degrees, (by course
work), available in a single year of study. "Honours" years are available as extensions to some
Bachelor degrees, and a student with "First Class Honours", i.e. very good grades, may fasttrack to a
doctoral degree.
Cities, states and territories
Australia is divided into six states and two territories.
Canberra is the national capital and the centre of government. It is located approximately 290
kilometres south of Sydney in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Canberra lies on the ancient
lands of the Indigenous Ngunnawal people, and its name is thought to mean ‘meeting place’, from the
Aboriginal word ‘Kamberra’. It is home to important national institutions, including the Australian
Parliament
and the
High
Court of
Australia. New South Weles is Australia’s oldest and most populated state. It was originally settled as a
penal colony on the shores of Port Jackson where the bustling capital city of Sydney now stands. More
than a third of Australians live in New South Wales, and Sydney is the nation’s largest city.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states in size but the second most
populated.Melbourne is the capital and is Australia’s second most populated city. During the gold rush
of the 1850s, it became one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. Melbourne is sometimes
referred to as the "cultural capital of Australia" and is the birthplace of Australian film, television, art,
dance and music. Victorians’ enthusiasm for sport is also legendary and this is where Australian Rules
football began. Queensland is Australia’s secondlargest state in size. The state capital is Brisbane, the third
most populated city in Australia. Queenslanders enjoy more winter sunshine and warmth than most
other Australian states and it’s perfect for all types of outdoor activities and water sports. Queensland
is also home to the world famous Great Barrier Reef as well as five World Heritage listed areas.
South Australia is a state in the southern central part of the country which covers some of the
most arid parts of the continent. It is the fourth largest of Australia's states and shares its borders with
all of the mainland states and the Northern Territory. The state capital is Adelaide, the fifthlargest
city in Australia. South Australia has a thriving arts scene and is sometimes known as the ‘Festival
State’, with more than 500 festivals taking place there every year.
At the top end of Australia lies the Northern Territory. Darwin, on the northern coast, is the
capital, and Alice Springs the principal inland town. Alice Springs is the physical heart of Australia,
almost exactly at the nation's geographical centre. The Northern Territory is home to the
famous Uluru (Ayers Rock), Kata Tjuta (the Olgas) and Kakadu National Park. Western Australia is Australia’s largest state by area. About threequarters of the state’s
population live in the capital Perth, which is the fourth most populated city in Australia. The east of
the state is mostly desert while to the west the state is bound by almost 13000 kilometres of pristine
coastline. In the 1890s gold was discovered and mining is still one of the state’s biggest industries.
Tasmania is separated from mainland Australia by Bass Strait and is the smallest state in
Australia. The capital, Hobart, was founded in 1804 as a penal colony, and is Australia's second oldest
capital city after Sydney. Onefifth of Tasmania is covered by national parks and wilderness areas. It
is one of the world's most mountainous islands whose geology reflects Australia’s connection millions
of years ago with Antarctica.
Australia also administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (or Keeling)
Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Heard and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island and the Australian
Antarctic Territory (covering 42 per cent of the Antarctic continent) as external territories. Must See Sights In Australia
Uluru (often called Ayers Rock) and Kata
Tjuta (also known as the Olgas) are located deep in
the outback in central Australia. Visitors can reach
the area by 200 km car trip after flying into Alice
Springs. Another option is to connect through
Darwin or Adelaide with flights found. The area
includes many breathtaking natural wonders and
reveals some of the mystical heritage and culture of
the Aboriginal people. Here are a few reasons why
you can’t miss these spots on your next trip to
Australia: Located in the Red Centre, Uluru has to be one the most iconic sights in Australia. Here
you can learn more about the cultural significance of the area, you can do a base walk and meet some
of the local wildlife (get ready for the everpersistent Australian face fly), and you can take more
photos than you thought possible – accommodation ranges from budget to luxury, or there is even
camping – if you’re brave! Uluru is considered a sacred site by the Aborigines. The massive monolith
extends 348 meters above the plane
kilometers below ground Uluru
visitors a spectacular site as it
colors throughout the day with the
light refraction. Uluru is composed
sandstone and feldspar mixture
called arkose. Arkose is grey and
color, but a thin layer of iron oxide
the mineral gives it a rust colored
and over 2
offers
changes
variations of
of a
white in
coating over
appearance.
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Портфолио по учебной практике
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Портфолио по учебной практике
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Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
Портфолио по учебной практике
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