spotlight 9 5c.ppt

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  • 17.12.2024
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Degrees of comparison of adjectives comparatives and superlatives

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Прилагательные образуют две степени сравнения : сравнительную (comparative degree) и превосходную (superlative degree). Прилагательные в положительной степени (positive degree) обозначают качество предмета без сравнения с этим качеством в других предметах.

Степени сравнения коротких (одно- и двусложных) прилагательных.

Positive
degree
Положительная

Comparative degree
Сравнительная

Superlative degree
Превосходная

1, 2 слога



cold
high
long
cheap
old

+ er

colder
higher
longer
cheaper
older

the …+ est

the coldest
the highest
the longest
the cheapest
the oldest

Прилагательные из трёх букв


big
hot
thin
wet
new


bigger
hotter
thinner
wetter
newer


the biggest
the hottest
the thinnest
the wettest
the newest

Правила добавления окончаний к сравнительной и превосходной степеням сравнения.

Positive
degree
Положительная

Comparative degree
Сравнительная

Superlative degree
Превосходная

Оканчиваются на -у

y → i


busy
dirty
healthy
lucky

y → i + er
busier
dirtier
healthier
luckier

y → i + est
the busiest
the dirtiest
the healthiest
the luckiest

Оканчиваются на -е


white
simple
fine
wide


whiter
simpler
finer
wider


the whitest
the simplest
the finest
the widest

Степени сравнения многосложных прилагательных.

Positive
degree
Положительная

Comparative degree
Сравнительная

Superlative
degree
Превосходная

2,3 и более слога

более


polite
modern

more
more polite
more modern

the most
the most polite
the most modern

2,3 и более слога

менее


expensive
interesting

less
less expensive
less interesting

the least
the least expensive
the least interesting

Два варианта возможны

er, -est / more, the most
clever – cleverer / more clever – the cleverest / the most clever

quiet, narrow, shallow, simple

Исключения

Positive
degree
Положительная

Comparative degree
Сравнительная

Superlative degree
Превосходная


good
bad
much/many
little
far

old


better
worse
more
less
farther / further
older / elder


the best
the worst
the most
the least
the farthest / the furthest
the oldest / the eldest

Write the comparative

red
strong
happy
careful
important
bad
beautiful

redder

difficult
large
far
friendly
serious
crowded
pretty

Write the opposite

younger
colder
cheaper
better
nearer
easier
darker
thinner

older

Write comparative and superlative

sharp

heavy

comfortable

colorful

wonderful


nice

thick


Complete the sentence: use a comparative.

Sue’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger car.
This house isn’t very modern. I prefer ____ houses.
You’re not very tall. Your brother is ____.
Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work ____.
My chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours is ____.
Jill’s idea isn’t very good. My idea is ____.
These flower aren’t very nice. The blue ones are ___.
My case isn’t very heavy. Your case is ____.
I’m not very interested in art. I’m more ____ in history.
It isn’t very warm today. It was ____ yesterday.
London isn’t very beautiful. Paris is ____.
This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a ____ one?

Complete the sentence: use a superlative.

This building is very old. It’s the oldest building in the town.
It was a very happy day. It was … of my life.
It’s a very good film. It’s … I’ve ever seen.
She’s a very popular singer. She’s … in our country.
It was a very bad mistake. It was … I’ve ever made.
It’s a very pretty village. It’s … I’ve ever seen.
It was a very cold day. It was … of the year.
He’s a very interesting person. He’s … I’ve ever met.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is (tall) than Sky.
Sky is (good) at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is (fast) than Sky.
Sky is (popular) than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is TALLER than Sky.
Sky is (good) at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is (fast) than Sky.
Sky is (popular) than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is TALLER than Sky.
Sky is BETTER at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is (fast) than Sky.
Sky is (popular) than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is TALLER than Sky.
Sky is BETTER at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is FASTER than Sky.
Sky is (popular) than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is TALLER than Sky.
Sky is BETTER at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is FASTER than Sky.
Sky is MORE POPULAR than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are (big) than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Tiny is TALLER than Sky.
Sky is BETTER at basketball than Tiny.
Tiny is FASTER than Sky.
Sky is MORE POPULAR than Tiny.
Sky’s feet are BIGGER than Tiny’s feet.

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is (short).
Ed is (thin).
Al is wearing (colourful) clothes.
Ed is (tall).
Joe is (smart).

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is THE SHORTEST.
Ed is (thin).
Al is wearing (colourful) clothes.
Ed is (tall).
Joe is (smart).

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is THE SHORTEST.
Ed is THE THINNEST.
Al is wearing (colourful) clothes.
Ed is (tall).
Joe is (smart).

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is THE SHORTEST.
Ed is THE THINNEST.
Al is wearing THE MOST COLOURFUL clothes.
Ed is (tall).
Joe is (smart).

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is THE SHORTEST.
Ed is THE THINNEST.
Al is wearing THE MOST COLOURFUL clothes.
Ed is THE TALLEST.
Joe is (smart).

Complete the following sentences. Use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Al is THE SHORTEST.
Ed is THE THINNEST.
Al is wearing THE MOST COLOURFUL clothes.
Ed is THE TALLEST.
Joe is THE SMARTEST.

Сравниваем качества

При сравнении одинаковых степеней качества используем конструкцию
as … as
Tom is as tall as Jim.
This book is as thick as that book.
These fruit are as sweet as sugar.

Сравниваем качества

При сравнении различных степеней качества используем конструкцию
than
Athens is older than Rome.
It’s easier to phone than to write a letter.
not so … as
Your flat is not so big as mine.
This film is not so new as that one.

Write sentences with as … as

Athens is older than Rome. Rome isn't as old as Athens.
My room is bigger than yours. Your room isn’t _______.
You get up earlier than me. I don’t _______.
We play better than them. They don’t _____.
I’ve been here longer than you. You
haven’t ______.

Put in as or than.

Bob is higher than Frank.
I don’t watch TV as much … you.
You eat more … me.
I feel better … I felt yesterday.
Jim isn’t as clever … he thinks.
Belgium is smaller … Switzerland.
Brazil isn’t as big … Canada.
I can’t wail longer … an hour.

Андреа становится все лучше и лучше с каждым днем.
Чем старше она становится, тем онакрасивее !
Тони немного лучше в пении, чем Сэм.
Ваш автомобиль гораздо удобнее, мой.
Она так же умна, как и ее сестра.

more difficult
the latest
the most intelligent
more, angrier
as talented as 
the least
better, better

Gradable / non-gradable adjectives

Выражение градуальные прилагательные означает, что человек или вещь, относящаяся к прилагательному, могут иметь большую или меньшую степень упомянутого качества. Они имеют сравнительную и превосходную степень (кроме очень). Мы можем использовать крайне, четко, охотнее, немного, очень с ними (очень маленький, немного более дорогой, и т.д.)
Неградуальные прилагательные не имеют сравнительную или превосходную степень. Мы можем использовать абсолютно, полностью и совершенно с ними (абсолютно полный, совершенно пустой, и т.д.)

extremely (крайне)
slightly (слегка)
extremely (крайне)
extremely (очень)
absolutely (абсолютно)
very (очень)
very, rather (очень, довольно)
fairly (четко)
absolutely (безусловно)
totally (полностью)