THE CULTURE OF MUSIC AND ITS ROLE IN LIFE

Ashurov Marufjon Abdumutalibovich

Andijan State University (Uzbekistan)

mail: [email protected]

THE CULTURE OF MUSIC AND ITS ROLE IN LIFE.

Annotation: This article gives an overview of the unique role of musical culture in the spiritual life of the nation, the process of the formation of the musical culture of the Uzbek people, new styles in Uzbek music, and the role of national instruments in the development of Uzbek national music culture.

Keywords: Classical music, folklore, style, compositional school, musical culture, national instruments, academic performance.

The formation of music culture - the music culture of the Uzbek people has a long history. Throughout the course of history, performances have been complementary in form and style, including classical music, traditional vocal music, folk compositional tracks, and folk music - amateur musical heritage. This musical legacy is still present today as part of our spiritual culture.

Thanks to independence, the attention to national and spiritual values, customs, traditions, the forgotten and historically valuable traditions and the process of their reformation has become a priority.

The emphasis on national values, traditions and spiritual wealth has reached the national scale. Since the early years of independence, much work has been done to preserve and restore the spiritual wealth of our ancestors and ancestors, including music. The enormous spiritual wealth that our ancestors inherited from us is a key factor in this regard.

As we know from history, our music culture, our traditional songs, and maqom performances have always been recognized as spiritual nourishment in the daily life of our people. The people sought music in difficult times, and during the joyful times they were accompanied by song and music.

After all, it is natural for us to rely on our traditional songs, to be part of our great spirituality, in the era of today's blessed independence, in our self-awareness. All this plays an important role in upbringing harmoniously developed generation and in shaping the spiritual outlook of young people.

Our traditional music and songs have always called people to faith, compassion and humanity. Even today, independence remains a key factor in the formation of a working generation, as a means to nurture a working generation.

The art of singing, music, dancing and folklore is one of the oldest and most advanced forms of national music, closely related to the life and creativity of national music. Especially the traditional songs of our people are an immortal legacy, and as always, they are still alive. But at the same time, not only worshiping history, but composing songs in the spirit of the present, is of paramount importance to all professionals and artists engaged in music, which is a key factor in the development of our national ideology. Our country has begun a completely new society, a new life and a new life. There is a change in the hearts, thinking and imagination of our people.

As the President said, the issue of spirituality includes many factors such as the history of the nation, moral and religious values, cultural heritage, traditions and customs, national ideology, patriotism and humanism, and national self-awareness[1].

The future of our people depends, first and foremost, on him, his spiritual strength and the creative power of his national consciousness. The natural pursuit of material well-being should not offend the nation's spiritual and intellectual development needs. Spirituality and enlightenment have always been the strongest feature of our nation's centuries-old history.

Based on these principles, it is essential that all areas of the spiritual sphere determine their goals and objectives. It is especially important to evaluate the specific role of music culture in the spiritual life of this field, to realize that its main influence is to direct its influence towards the ideology of independence. There is a shift in cultural life today in line with this principle. It would not be a mistake to say that the ideas of the creators are guided by these principles.

Music culture is unique in its diversity. Especially, the rich musical heritage of the Uzbek people, whose deep roots go back to ancient times, is not lost today. It includes high-end examples of folklore, folklore, musical composition, well-developed musical instruments and songs, poems, and makom music called sophisticated series. In addition, a significant contribution to the folk music culture is played by the composers, who have made significant contributions at all times.

At the end of the 19th century, a period of changes in Uzbek musical culture began. This is due to the occupation of Turkestan by Russia. In this regard, it is necessary to learn from a double perspective. Because, in some cases, the negative effects of national music on our culture, on the other hand, it must be acknowledged that it was a period of development. The introduction of the note has greatly influenced the scientific study of national music in our country and the development of folklore and ethnography[2].

In this regard, V.A. It is necessary to mention the efforts of such scholars and musicians as Uspensky, EE Romanovskaya, NN Mironov. Music teachers such as Ilyos Akbarov, Mutal Burkhanov, Yunus Rajabiy, Tolibjon Sodiqov and Mukhtar Ashrafi have learned their lessons. In addition, the introduction of piano music, opera and ballet, symphonic performance and world classical music, which are the pearls of world music culture, has made a significant contribution to the comprehensive development of our musical culture. As a result, more than 20 volumes of Uzbek folk music, songs, and status have been published worldwide.

Over the past 130 years, our musical culture has gone through a historic period filled with complex, sharp contradictions, both positive and negative. In spite of these circumstances, it is important to acknowledge that in the past, a lot of work has been done in the fields of science, art, including music. Examples include music creativity, performing arts, music science, and analysis. The negative consequences of these past periods are the excessive politicization of our lives, the neglect of national values, the inhumanity of nationalistic tendencies, the artificial barriers to the development of ancient international cultural ties.

The emergence of the concept of variety in ancient Greece - we revisit the historical moments that gave rise to this notion for a study of variety history, and we look at and explore the first scenes of its era.

We begin our journey with the myths that represent the imagination and thinking of ancient Greeks. Their myths are religious, suggesting that the world originally consisted of Chaos. Chaos is still used today to mean that everything is mixed. Chaos originated Earth - Gea and the underworld - Tartarus. His son, Uranus, came from Gaya, the god of heaven. Uranus and Gea were born of titanium, the great god Kronos.

From the Kronos came the small deities such as Aid, Poseidon, Gestia, Demetra, Hera, and Zeus.

The small gods, headed by Zeus, overthrew the power of the titans, the great gods, and began to rule the universe on their own. Thus, Zeus, the chief deity, the goddess of heaven and the guardian of marriage, was Hera.

The Greeks regarded God as the source of miracles and changes in nature, and divided their duties as follows:

1. Poseidon is a god of the sea

2. Demetra is a god of fertility and grain

3. Gestia is the goddess of the house

4. Aid is an underground deity

5. Athena is a god of wisdom and war

6. Appolon is a god of lust and art

7. Artemis - the moon and the goddess of hunting

8. Hephaestus is a deity of iron

9. Aphrodite is a god of beauty and love

10. Dionysus is a goddess of beauty and a goddess of wine.

The Greeks in their myths begin to link the relationship between gods and humans. As a result, Prometheus was punished for bringing fire from heaven to the people. Half God - Heroic Greeks 12 times heroic He was highly respected because of the marriage of gods and men. Hercules is a heroic character who fights evil, closes his lion's skin and holds it in his hand.

Celebrations that have played a major role in world culture have been the main event of ancient Greeks as well. They even invited guests from neighboring cities to celebrate the holidays. As a result, the holidays were the basis of folk games, competitions for young men, girls' dresses, and the competition of choirs, singers and dancers.

Theater, actor, tragedy, comedy, mime, choir, orchestra, drama, stage, variety, stadium are some of the oldest Greek terms that have not lost their meaning. Let's take a look at their history as well.

Ancient Greek theaters, reminiscent of the horseshoe-shaped horseshoe, can hold up to 20-25,000 spectators. The middle ground was surrounded by a hill and they called it a stadium - a place of competition. The hill, which is surrounded by dust on three sides, is called the theater. So the Greeks used to call the audience a seat. The front of the plane is called the orchestra and the chorus is the closest to the audience. Today, in musical theaters, there is an orchestra and a chorus between the audience and the stage.

Coriffe, who plays and directs the chorus, is placed on a wooden couch, with a specially designed rear orchestra to give the audience a better view. Because the authority of the choir was so high that it was impossible to walk in front of it.

Later, the first actor also appeared on the couch to communicate with the choir and chorus. The emergence of the first actor with Corey on the stage required further enhancement of the board, and the Greeks called it "pop," the stage, literally, "a specially raised place." Hence, it is a place specially raised for the performers' performances and still retains its essence with the stage name. Ancient Greeks referred to the word skene as the special tent behind the variety stage. There the actors were dressed and kept the stage equipment.

Later the variety - the back of the stage was covered with a special wall, and the "skene" - the tent was invisible to the audience. There were three doors left on the wall, and the actors entered the stage. For the first time, there was the hanging for Dionysus on the wall. So the wall slowly changed to fit the theme and began to serve as the first decoration - a stage decoration.

Today's concept of theater means we have a holistic spectacle, and in the Greeks, the audience is theater; chorus location - theater; chorus location - orchestra; where actors act, stage - variety; where the equipment was stored - the concept of skena[3].

New style in music - modern Uzbek music is characterized by its wide and varied, rich and colorful, advanced and intensive process. After all, our musical culture has a very long, unique and unique tradition, but it is enriched with new directions, forms, genres and styles. It means that, along with our invaluable heritage that has reached us for centuries, the wonderful musical traditions of several generations of artists have become our cultural and spiritual property. As any art is able to represent the realities of life through a variety of means, one can imagine how complex and changing social music has evolved over the last century. In particular, the gradual introduction of compositional expressions from the early 20s has shown the creation of a new system of musical creativity in our musical culture.

Naturally, the Uzbek national creativity, traditional compositionalism and enthusiasm will be added to our national values, inextricably intertwined with the interconnected layers, such as "non-traditional" compositional creativity. It is necessary to emphasize that, in accordance with the universal cultural development, this field has developed and developed in a very short period of time in our country.

Our leading composers have made great strides not only in Central Asia, but also in the Eastern region.

Uzbekistan has been able to confidently contribute to the international process characterized by the creation of a unique modern work in a new musical style, with the development of world music, and the discovery of new creative horizons. Having passed the stages of professional development and reached the level of maturity, the Uzbek Compositional School sought to take its rightful place in world music culture.

The tendency of this type of creativity, which emerged in the second half of the twentieth century, is also characterized by the fact that the two categories of musical thinking have been inseparable in our country. Therefore, the artistic, classical works of various genres, created in a multi-voice style, further enhanced the universal potential of our spiritual values.

Recall that the Uzbek symphonic music, a new direction of our musical culture, took the lead in the 70s and 80s. At this time, Uzbek poems, suits, costumes, fantasies, musical concerts and symphonies, which have been successfully performed at major cultural events, concerts, contests and festivals in our country, as well as in foreign countries, have repeatedly attracted the attention of the international music community. did.

Today, Uzbek music is gaining international recognition not only in its traditional forms, but also in compositional directions. In this sense, pure musical music, especially its more sophisticated symphony, deserves special mention. Now, the composition of our republic is not only the experience of writing and researching in various genres of music, but also a productive stream with unique traditions and treasures of classic samples. It is unique and unique in various years, created on the basis of folk music. After all, the quality of national music, artistic perfection, originality, content and responsiveness are always valuable.

Only the Uzbek symphonic music can be seen through the life of works created by high professionalism, deep knowledge and delicate taste.

In particular, a passionate “Tanovar” poem adapted by Alexei Kozlowski for the second half of the 30s, the “Lola” suite, Reingolpd Glier’s “Fergana Holiday” attracts great excitement. Among the immortal discoveries of the symphonic orchestra, Mutal Burkhanov's "Near Alisher Navoi" for a solo, chorus and symphonic orchestra, a series of symphonic works by Mukhtar Ashrafi, Georgiy Mushel, Suleyman Yudakov, "Lyric Poem" by Doni Zokirov, and Boris Nadej. Children ”, Ikram Akbarov's“ Poet's Memoirs ”,“ Epic Poems ”,“ Samarkand Stories ”, Sayfi Jalil Symphony“ Samarkandnoma ”, Symphonic Songs by Tulkin Kurbanov, Poet by Mirsodiq Tadjiev love ”and 19 great symphonies, three symphonies by Mirkhalil Makhmudov, the achievements of Nurilla Zokirov, Mustafa Bafoev, Rustam Abdullaev, Habibullo Rakhimov, Bahrullo Lutfullaev and others contributed to the development of our musical culture[4].

The development of earth's music dates back to three thousand years. Throughout these turbulent times, our musical culture has long gone through a long period of development and has served as a basis for the spiritual wealth of our people. That is why we have a rich, colorful, wide-ranging, stunning musical heritage.

In the Middle Ages, only the compact system of classical creativity was considered as the “Twelve maqoms” system, its constituent Bukhara and Khorezm makoms, Ferghana-Tashkent maqoms, traditional performances and surnay tracks, folk compositional art, and musical art. is doing[5].

The role of national instruments in the development of music culture - it is difficult to find that the majority of categories of our national instruments, unique singularities and originality of the journalistic performing arts, are comparable to the national music art over the world. The world-renowned Abu Nasr Farabi, our great thinkers Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Abdulqadir Maragi, Abdurahman Jomi, Alisher Navoi, Zaynulobiddin Husayn, Kawababi Bukhari, Darvish Ali Changi and many others have a unique theoretical and esteemed view of the Oriental world. He is also known as the author of classical music.

Thanks to our musical culture, which has reached us through such patriotic and professional strata, in a very short period of time, new, multi-vibrant national composer creations have been formed, acquired, and accelerated in Uzbekistan. At the same time, folk music, especially the maqomin traditions, has not only ensured life, but also has become a fertile ground.

It is well known that the art of glorious maqom is the most valuable and valuable treasure of our national spiritual property. Its original designs have been enjoyed by many generations. Even when it was officially banned for large-scale propaganda, the status and practical value of the statuses still retained. Compositional creativity, professionalism and musical performances have provided spiritual nourishment for the high consciousness, taste, spiritual needs and needs of our people. That is why such masters of art have always been valued and cherished among our people.

Thanks to independence, our musical culture has been freed from the old political and ideological pressures. At the same time, it has provided an unprecedented opportunity for a complete revival of our old classical traditions, especially in bringing up the younger generation in an educated, literate and spiritually mature manner. In particular, we are able to trace the revival of new creative potentials that have emerged in the era of independence and traditional creativity.

When it comes to religious and philosophical songs, it is primarily our historical wealth. While it may seem strange to anyone, the obstacles to this course are in fact a clear reflection of genuine democratic principles of freedom, freedom, and high culture. This is because the divine and mystical themes written in classical oriental poetry have been reflected and appreciated in the music of our past. Such songs have their listeners, especially the older ones, the fans. It is necessary to take into account this fact.

At the same time, it should be noted that many of our talented young musicians are emerging from European specialties, including piano, strings, percussion and percussion instruments, and acrobatic singing. It is gratifying that many of them are participating in prestigious international competitions in the Republic and abroad and are winning.

In conclusion, the role of our musical culture in the spiritual life of the people is invaluable. Musical culture has been an integral part of the spiritual world of the people, satisfying its spiritual needs at all times and always serving as a sympathizer. After all, even today, during the years of independence, our people have been honored with their spiritual duty and are serving our people. That is why our musical culture has become a huge creative field today.

References.

1.             Authors. Cultural Studies. Fergana, 1997.

2.             B. Akhmedov. Amir Temur. T., 1994.

3.             Cathrine Sadolin. Complete vocal technique. 2012.

4.             Rajabov. Bases of status. T. 1992.

5.             M.Abdullaev. Fundamentals of Cultural Studies. Fergana, 1997.

6.             Maxmudov T. Independence and spirituality. T. Shark, 2001.

7.             Music creativity. Collection of articles. T. "The New Generation." 2002.

8.             O. Umarjonov. World Religions. Fergana, 2001.

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