Биография лорда Джорджа Гордона Байрона, известного английского поэта, проживавшего в Объединенном Королевстве Великобритания в 18 веке, который создал прообраз "байронских героев" по особому меланхоличных. Сам он любил слушать европейскую музыку, оперу, изобразительное искусство, поэзию и романы. Байрон относится к поэтам оставившим след в истории английской литературе.автобиографический материал о Байроне
LORD George Gordon Byron.doc
Lord Byron was a famous English poet and a leading figure in the Romantic
Movement. He was also known for creating a cult of ‘Byronic heroes’ who were
melancholic and brooding young men filled with thoughts of something that had
occurred in their past life which they could not forget. He had immense influence on
European music, painting, opera, novel writing and poetry as long as he lived. He
was the sixth Byron to get the title of Baron. He was one of the greatest poets in
English history and was of the same stature as Percy Shelley and John Keats. His
poetry and his personality made a great impact on literary minds and the general
public of Europe at that time. He was seen as a man with radical ideas by many
people and worshiped as a national hero by the Greeks for fighting for them against
the Turks. In spite of this, he was disliked by his contemporaries for his relationships
with married women, young men, the vices he had picked up during his university
days, and the huge debts he had incurred.
Childhood & Early Life
Lord Byron was born George Gordon Byron in Dover, United Kingdom, on
January 22, 1788.
His father was Captain John Byron and his mother was Catherine Gordon, a
Scottish heiress who was the captain’s second wife.
He was born with a clubfoot which restricted his movements and made him
extremely sensitive about it.
After his father died in France in 1791, his mother took him to live in Aberdeen
where they lived on a meager income till he was ten years old.
In 1798 at the age of ten, Byron unexpectedly inherited his great uncle William,
the fifth Baron Byron’s title and also the vast property left behind by him. The
inheritance helped him come back to England with his mother and stay at the
Newstead Abbey that had been presented to the Byrons by King Henry VIII. He went to London and studied at Dulwich in 1799 and then at Harrow in 1801
which was the most prestigious school in all England. He attended the Trinity
College, Cambridge University, from 1805 to 1808.
Career
Lord Byron published his early poems ‘Fugitive Pieces’ in 1806 with the help of a
private publisher and also befriended John Cam Hobhouse.
His first collection of poems ‘Hours of Idleness’ published in 1807 received bad
reviews in ‘The Edinburgh Review’. He wrote a satire ‘English Bards and Scotch
Reviewers’ in 1809 in answer to this and gained much popularity.
In 1809, he sat in the House of Lords and then went on a grand tour of Malta,
Spain, Greece, Albania, and the Aegean region with Hobhouse. He returned to
London in July 1811 but his mother passed away before he could reach
Newstead.
Byron tasted his first success with the publication of the first section of a
collection of poems titled ‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage’ in 1812.
He became a favorite of the London society when he opposed the harsh
measures taken against the weavers of Nottingham during his first address at the
House of Lords in 1812.
His unsuccessful loveaffairs made him gloomy and remorseful and resulted in
the writing of ‘The Giaour’ and ‘The Bride of Abydos’ in 1813 and ‘The Corsair’
and ‘Lara’ in 1814.
In 1816, he left England never to return again, dogged by rising rumors of his
incestuous loveaffairs and accumulating debts.
He settled in Geneva, Switzerland, with Percy Bysshe Shelley. Mary Godwin and
her stepdaughter, Claire Clairmont, also came to live with him. He wrote the two
cantos of ‘Childe Harold’ and ‘Prisoner of Chillon’ during this time.
Byron travelled all over Italy for the next two years.He wrote ‘Lament of Tasso’
while touring Italy after being inspired by Tasso’s cell in Rome. He also
completed ‘Mazeppa’ and started on his masterpiece satire ‘Don Juan’ around
this time.
In 1817, he wrote a poetic drama titled ‘Manfred’ which reflected Byron’s
frustrations and guilt. After he returned to Rome in May 1817, he wrote a fourth
section of ‘Childe Harold’ which was published in 1818.
His poem ‘Beppo’ in 1818 talks of the contrast between English and Italian
mannerisms and customs.
Byron sold the ‘Newstead Abbey’ for £94,500 in 1818. With this money he was
able to clear his debt of £34,000 and was left with a good sum of money.
In January 1820, Byron traveled to Ravenna as Countess Teresa Gamba
Guiccioli’s ‘cavalier servante’ or ‘gentlemaninwaiting’ and befriended her father,
Count Rugerro, and brother, Count Pietro Gamba, who initiated him into the
secret ‘Carbonari’ society which had revolutionary ideas about overthrowing the
Austrian rulers and freeing Italy from their misrule. While in Ravenna, he wrote ‘The Prophecy of Dante’ and the third, fourth and fifth
cantos of ‘Don Juan’.
He had been deeply influenced by drama after visiting Pisa and Ravenna and
wrote many poetic dramas including ‘The Two Foscari’, ‘Cain’, Marino Faliero’
and ‘Sardanapalaus’. He also started writing ‘Heaven and Earth’ which remained
incomplete.
He also wrote a satire ‘The Vision of Judgment’ based on the poet Robert
Southey’s eulogy of King George III.
In April 1823, he joined the ‘London Committee’ fighting for Greece’s
independence from the Turks and left Genoa for Cephalonia in July the same
year.
In December 29, 1823, he sailed for Missolonghi to join Prince Alexandros
Mavrokordatos’ forces in western Greece in a brig named ‘Hercules’ and took
personal command of a brigade of Souliot soldiers who were the best in the
Greek army. Before he could see any action he fell ill, could not recover from it
and died.
Major Works
Lord Byron’s ‘The Corsair’ published in 1814 was a great hit and sold over 10,000
copies on the very first day of its publication.
Another of his greatest works was ‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage’ which he began to
write in 1812 and completed in 1818.
His greatest poem was ‘Don Juan’, which was started in 1818 and the first two
cantos published in 1819. He could complete only 16 cantos of the poem; he had
started the 17th one, but was taken ill and died before he could complete it.
Personal Life & Legacy
In 1803, Lord Byron fell in love with Mary Chaworth but she rejected him as she
was already engaged.
While at Cambridge, he became involved in various vices which were common
among undergraduates and piled up a huge debt. He also got into an affair with a
young chorister named, John Edleston.
He had a tumultuous loveaffair with Lady Caroline Lamb and wanted to elope
with her but was prevented from doing so by Hobhouse.
His next lover was Lady Oxford who was impressed by Byron’s radicalism and
even encouraged it.
In 1813, he got romantically involved with his halfsister from his father’s first
marriage, Augusta Leigh, who he had met in Newstead in 1803. She was already
married to Colonel George Leigh.
To get away from this situation, he carried out a flirtation with Lady Frances
Webster for some time.
Frustrated and depressed, he married Anne Isabella Milbanke in January 1815,
but the marriage was unhappy. They were legally separated in January 1816. He
had a daughter with her named Augusta Ada who was born in December 1815.
After leaving England in 1816 and settling in Geneva, Switzerland, he renewed
his loveaffair with Claire Clairmont, which he had started while he was still in
England.
In 1817, Claire Clairmont moved to England to give birth to Byron’s illegitimate
daughter Allegra in January 1817.
In October 1817, while in Venice, he carried on a loveaffair with his landlord’s
wife, Marianna Segati. While in Rome, a baker’s wife named Margarita Cogni
became his new lover.
In Ravenna in 1818, he met Countess Teresa Gamba Guiccioli who was 19 years
old and married to a man who was three times older than her. Though Byron had
become fat and had long gray hair at that time, he convinced her to come back
with him to Venice which she did.
Lord Byron died in Greece from an illness on April 19, 1824. His body was
returned to England but the deans at both St. Paul’s And Westminster refused to
accept it. His body was finally buried in Hucknall, Torkard, which is located in
Nottinghamshire near Newstead Abbey.
His compositions influenced many writers in future.
Trivia
Lord Byron loved animals and kept monkeys, guinea hens, peacocks, geese, a
crow, a falcon, an eagle, a fox, a badger, a goat and a heron in his house.
Lord Byron was made a ‘Fellow of the Royal Society’ posthumously.
Джордж Гордон Байрон
Джордж Гордон Байрон
Джордж Гордон Байрон
Джордж Гордон Байрон
Материалы на данной страницы взяты из открытых истончиков либо размещены пользователем в соответствии с договором-офертой сайта. Вы можете сообщить о нарушении.