English topics.Английские топики и сочинения на все случаи жизни!
Каждому, у кого в школе одним из предметов был любимый English, хорошо знакомы топики на английском. Такие ученики вряд ли свяжут слово «топик» с одеждой, потому что отлично помнят его написание латинскими буквами (topic) и каждую четверть писали какой-нибудь рассказ на английском на тему «Моя семья», «Праздники в Великобритании», «Мое хобби», «Моя школа» и прочие милые тексты.
Пока не было Интернета и занятий с репетитором курсы английского по скайп, школьники брали штурмом книжные магазины, где продавались книги с гордым названием «Топики по английскому». Теперь же Сеть заполонили тысячи английских текстов, похожих друг на друга, как 2 капли воды. И достаточно примитивных по содержанию. Мы решили устранить этот недостаток и начали собирать библиотеку топиков, чтобы каждый из вас мог использовать их как помощь для написания своего интересного сочинения по английскому языку: в одном тексте взял идею, в другом – отдельные фразы, в третьем – интересное предложение. А на выходе получится эксклюзивный топик на тему, заданную преподавателем.Английские топики и сочинения на все случаи жизни!
Каждому, у кого в школе одним из предметов был любимый English, хорошо знакомы топики на английском. Такие ученики вряд ли свяжут слово «топик» с одеждой, потому что отлично помнят его написание латинскими буквами (topic) и каждую четверть писали какой-нибудь рассказ на английском на тему «Моя семья», «Праздники в Великобритании», «Мое хобби», «Моя школа» и прочие милые тексты.
Пока не было Интернета и занятий с репетитором курсы английского по скайп, школьники брали штурмом книжные магазины, где продавались книги с гордым названием «Топики по английскому». Теперь же Сеть заполонили тысячи английских текстов, похожих друг на друга, как 2 капли воды. И достаточно примитивных по содержанию. Мы решили устранить этот недостаток и начали собирать библиотеку топиков, чтобы каждый из вас мог использовать их как помощь для написания своего интересного сочинения по английскому языку: в одном тексте взял идею, в другом – отдельные фразы, в третьем – интересное предложение. А на выходе получится эксклюзивный топик на тему, заданную преподавателем.
топики.docx
About Myself
First of all let me introduce myself. My name is Taras. I'm seventeen years
old. I'm at 11th grade. There are two more kids in the family besides my elder
brother Oleg and my younger sister Maria. Oleg is twentyone, he attends a
University, he will be a dentist. Maria is only twelve, she is a schoolgirl. I forgot
to mention one more member of our family. It's our favourite poodle Tim.
My parents are not old at all. My Mum is forty, she works for newspaper. My
Dad is fortyfour, he is an engineer in computers. My parents love their jobs
very much.
I'm doing quite well at school. My parents are proud of my marks. I go in for
sports. I play basketball. In summer time I like yachting and windsurfing. I take
part in different basketball competitions. In a year I shall finish my school and I
have to decide what occupation to choose. I have been studying English for
seven years. I want to be a military interpreter. My grandparents are already
retired. They like gardening and spend all their time growing tomatoes, potatoes,
onions, strawberries, raspberries.
Questions:
1. Do you go to school?
2. What grade are you at?
3. How old are your parents?
4. Are you the only child in the family?
5. Do you have a pet?
6. Are your grandparents still alive?
7. Do you go in for sports?
8. Do you like reading?
Vocabulary:
to introduce представлять
let me introduce myself разрешите представиться
residential жилой
residential areas жилые районы
grade класс в школе
to attend university ходить в университет
kid ребенок
favourite любимец, любимый
poodle пудель
to forget забывать
job работа
proud гордый
to be proud of smth гордиться чемто
to go in for sports увлекаться спортом
occupation занятие, род занятий, профессия military военный
interpreter переводчик
to retire быть на пенсии
About My Family
My family is not very big, just a typical family: Dad, Mom, me, my brother
and sister and our cat. My Mummy is fortyone, she is a teacher of Spanish at
the University. She is a born teacher. She has teaching abilities. My Dad is forty
two, he is a professional painter, he works for a design company. My parents
both like their work very much.
My elder sister Natasha is nineteen, she goes to the University, she wants to
be a teacher of history. She is fond of reading books on history and fiction. My
younger brother Igor is only six years old, he goes to the kindergarten. He is
very funny, I like to spend my free time teaching him something. Igor likes to
play with our cat.
My grandparents are retired. They like gardening. They spend a lot of their
time in the garden. They grow vegetables and fruits. We enjoy having fresh
vegetables and green on our dinner table. I love my family very much. We
always help each other. Everyone in my family is my best friend.
Questions:
1. How many are there in the family?
2. Do you have a brother or a sister?
3. Where do your parents work?
4. Do your parents understand you?
5. In what way do you help your parents?
6. How old are your grandparents?
7. How do you get along with your family?
8. Which of the parents do you want to be like?
Vocabulary:
typical типичный Spanish испанский
ability способность
painter художник
fiction художественная литература
funny смешной
to spend проводить
to grow выращивать
to enjoy наслаждаться
green зелень
to be fond of smth. нравиться комулибо Friendship and my Best Friend
I have many friends. I like my friends. When we gather, we play computer
games, chat, make lots of noise. I like noise.
To my mind, people should have many friends as possible, because if you
have not friends, you just become very dull and boring person. It is fine when
you have friends, who are able to understand you and support and help in
difficult situations.
We have much in common and we enjoy communicating with each other.
One of my friends is Sergey. He is thirteen. I can say that he is a good guy. He
is a schoolboy. He wants to be a businessman like his father. He studies well,
but he is not a hardworking person.
When we gather together we like to play computer games, to watch new
movies and discuss them. His favourite subject at school is Maths. He is keen on
Maths. I guess he might become a great mathematician, but he wants to be like
his father.
We are friends for a long time. We trust each other. We have some personal
secrets. I can tell him about my troubles and he always helps me, if he can.
I'm happy to have such a good friend as Sergey.
Questions:
1. Do I have many friends?
2. What do we do when we gather?
3. Is it necessary to have many friends? Why?
4. How old is Sergey?
Vocabulary:
to gather — собирать(ся)
to chat — непринужденно болтать, беседовать, разговаривать
to make (past made, p.p. made) noise — шуметь, создавать шум
noise — шум
to my mind — по моему мнению, помоему
dull — скучный, надоедливый, занудный
boring — надоедливый, неинтересный, скучный
able — способный
to support — поддерживать, помогать to enjoy — любить (чтол.), получать удовольствие (от чегол.)
guy —разг. малый, парень
hardworking — зд. трудолюбивый
to discuss — обсуждать
Maths —разг. математика
to be keen on — сильно или серьезно увлекаться чемто
to trust — верить, доверять(ся), полагаться (на когол.)
trouble — беда, злоключение, неприятность, горе
Hobbies , Leisure time
Hobby is a favourite occupation of a person in his free time. I have many
friends. They are very different and they have different kinds of hobbies.
One of my girlfriends, for example, likes to knit very much. Another girl
friend of mine spends all her free time sewing things: skirts, blouses, dresses.
She makes it nicely and she always looks fine.
One of my friends likes to make everything with his own hands. He can repair
an iron, a radioset, or a taperecorder. I think it's a very good hobby.
Many people are very fond of collecting. Some collect old coins, others
collect postcards. As for me, my hobby is collecting stamps. Now I have 5
albums full of stamps.
I like to sit at the table in the evening and arrange new stamps in the albums
or just look through the stamps. Each stamp has a story to tell about distant
countries and new people.
I see pictures of people, birds and animals which I have never seen. Kings and
presidents pass before my eyes and I can follow the history of whole nations.
My hobby is not only wonderful but is also very useful. My Birthday
Birthday is a very wonderful day. Everybody likes to celebrate it. It is a good
opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives.
I was born on the 10th of January. In the morning on my birthday my parents
lay the presents near my bed. So the first thing I see when I open my eyes is my
presents. My Mom and Daddy and my little brother come to my room to
congratulate me and to sing "Happy Birthday".
Usually we hold my birthday party in the evening. Once we went to a cafe to
celebrate my birthday, but usually we celebrate it at home. We clean the house
the day before birthday. In the morning of birthday party day my father goes
shopping and buys everything we need.
My mother bakes a cake or pie. By the evening food is cooked, the table is
laid. We put on evening suits and dresses and wait for the guests. The flat looks
nice and cosy. I am always very glad to meet my guests. I like to get flowers and
presents. Mom gives me the telegram from my aunt.
We have an abundant dinner on this day. Mom brings in the birthday cake. I
blow the candles out. We dance and sing songs, play games and laugh, joke, tell
funny stories. I think that my birthday is one of the best days in a year.
Questions:
1. When were you born?
2. Where were you born?
3. How old are you?
4. Do you celebrate your birthday?
5. Do you get presents and flowers?
6. Who cooks the birthday cake?
7. What is your favourite birthday meal? Vocabulary:
to celebrate — праздновать
opportunity — возможность
relative — родственник
to be born — родиться
to congratulate — поздравлять
to hold birthday party — устраивать вечеринку по поводу празднования дня
рождения
to bake — печь
abundant — обильный
to blow out — задувать
My Daily Routine
As a rule, I get up at half past six. I put on my dressinggown, go into
bathroom and turn on the bath taps. Good health is better than wealth, so I do
my morning exercises. I get breakfast at seventhirty and listen to the news over
the radio.
I like to begin the day well, so my breakfast is always a good one. For
breakfast I usually have hardboiled eggs or an omelette, bread and butter, tea or
coffee; I read my newspaper with my last cup of coffee before I leave home.
Then, I say "Goodbye" to my mother, take my schoolbag and go to school. I
don't live far from my school, so it doesn't take me long to get there. The lessons
start at half past eight. Each lesson lasts for 45 minutes. The classes are over at
two o'clock.
I come back home, have dinner, wash up and go shopping. I buy foodstuffs
for the family. Coming back I begin to clean the house and get the vegetables
ready for supper. We have supper at seven. I do my homework for the next day.
It usually takes me several hours to prepare well for the lessons.
In the evening, I always try to spend at least an hour at the piano. As a rule my
parents and I sit and talk, watch a film on TV, read newspapers and magazines.
Sometimes, we go to the cinema or to the theatre. Once or twice a month, I visit
exhibitions in my home town.
I go to bed at about eleven o'clock, but my parents like to sit up late and write
letters or read.
Questions: 1. When do you get up as a rule?
2. Why do you do your morning exercises?
3. What do you have for breakfast?
4. How long does each lesson last?
5. When do you begin to clean the house?
Vocabulary:
dressinggown — халат
tap — кран
to turn on — включать
health — здоровье
hardboiled — сваренный вкрутую
to get... ready for... — готовить, подготавливать к...
at least — по крайней мере
to sit up — не ложиться спать
to go to bed — ложиться спать
My Favourite Subject
We did quite a lot of subjects at school. They were: Physics, Mathematics,
Biology, Russian Literature, Chemistry, English, History of this country and
many other subjects.
It was rather difficult to go to school when a schoolleaver, we had so much to
do. I know that all the subjects are important and they all must be paid much
attention to, but still I didn't like exact sciences.
I spent much time on doing them at home. However hard I tried, all those
formulas and definitions were mixed up in my head and I couldn't make it out
after all. So I had nothing to do but sit for two or three hours swotting Physics,
Chemistry and Maths.
My favourite subjects were Literature, History, English.
Most of all I liked English. I read English books, tried to translate some
stories from newspapers from English into Russian and vice versa.
I had some English handbooks and they were of great help to me when I
studied English Grammar and did some exercises. At our English lessons we
read quite a lot of dull texts from our textbooks.
But in my view, written texts and textbooks are not important. The best way to
improve your language skills and habits is to work at a language laboratory. But there was no good language laboratory at our school. And I spent plenty
of time at home listening to the tapes, imitating the sounds and intonations of the
native speakers of English.
I was working hard at my pronunciation because my teacher said that it was
my weak point. Sometimes I spoke English with my friends after classes and
they said I was making good progress in the language.
I decided to take my entrance exams to the Institute because I want to know
English.
Nowadays, it's impossible to do without foreign languages because of
expanding economic, cultural ties of this country with other countries of the
world. Besides, one can't be a learned and welleducated person if he doesn't
know at least one foreign language.
As for me, I'd like to read English and American Literature, to understand it
without resorting to anybody's help.
Questions:
1. What subjects did you do at school?
2. Why was it difficult to go to school when a schoolleaver?
3. What subjects didn't you like? Why?
4. What was your favourite subject?
5. What is the best way to improve your language skills?
6. Why did you decide to take your entrance exams to the Institute?
Vocabulary:
to do subjects — изучать школьные предметы
to go to school — учиться в школе
schoolleaver — выпускник
to pay attention to smth. — обращать внимание на чтолибо
exact sciences — точные науки
however hard I try — как я ни стараюсь
to mix up — смешивать, перемешивать
to make smth. out — разбираться в чемлибо, понимать чтолибо
to swot smth. — зубрить чтолибо
vice versa — наоборот
to be of great help to smb. — очень помогать комулибо
dull — неинтересный, скучный
to improve smth. — улучшать чтолибо
skills and habits — умения и навыки
to spend (spent, spent) — проводить
to work hard at smth. — работать упорно над чемлибо weak point — уязвимое место
to make good progress in smth. — делать успехи в чемлибо
to take an exam — сдавать экзамен .
entrance exam — вступительный экзамен
impossible — невозможный, невозможно
to do without — обойтись без
because of — изза
to expand — расширять
learned and welleducated — эрудированный и образованный
at least — по крайней мере
to resort to smb. — обращаться к комулибо
My School
As you become older you realize that there are several essential things and
places you always long to come back to. They are your birthplace, your home
and the school you went to.
My school was a threestoreyed building situated in one of the residential
districts of our city (town, settlement). All the children from the neighbourhood
went there because it was a walking distance from their homes. There was a
sports ground behind the schoolbuilding and a green lawn with flowerbeds in
front of it.
The school was built a few years ago. That's why its classrooms were light
and spacious. There were three large windows in each classroom with flower
pots on the windowsills. It was pupils' (especially girls') responsibility to water the flowers. And they did it with utmost care. There were maps and portraits,
tables and charts on the walls of the classrooms.
Our classroom was on the second floor. Its windows faced the schoolyard.
Our form was the only one at school who had a formmaster, but not a form
mistress. He appeared to be a very kind and knowledgeable teacher who spared
no time to take us to different places of interest and exhibitions. He taught us
Russian and Russian literature.
We respected him very much. Our lessons began at eight o'clock in the
morning and lasted till one thirty in the afternoon. We had six lessons a day.
Every pupil had a daybook where the teachers wrote down the mark each pupil
had earned for his answers. The teacher also wrote down the mark in the class
register. When the teacher asked a question, the pupils who could answer it
raised their hands, and the teacher called out one of them to answer the question.
The pupils were often called to the blackboard to do some exercises or to
write some sentences. When they made mistakes, other pupils .were called out to
correct those mistakes or the teacher corrected them herself. After every lesson
the teachers gave us some home assignments both written and oral. At the next
lesson the teachers checked them up.
The teachers often took our exercisebooks home to check them up. If there
were any mistakes they corrected them and gave us marks. At the end of each
quarter we got our report cards which our parents signed. At the end of the study
year we were promoted, to the next form.
Questions:
1. What do you realize as you become older?
2. At which school did you study?
3. Where was your school situated?
4. Why did all the children from the neighborhood go to your school?
5. What was there behind the schoolbuilding and in front of it?
6. When was the school built?
7. Were the classrooms light and spacious?
8. What was there on the walls of the classrooms?
9. On which floor was your classroom situated?
10. What kind of a man was your formmaster?
11. What subject did he teach?
12. When did your lessons begin?
13. How many lessons had you a day?
14. What did the teachers write down in the daybooks of every pupil?
15. What for were the pupils often called to the blackboard?
16. What happened if the pupils made mistakes?
17. What did the teachers give you after every lesson?
18. What for did the teachers often take your exercisebooks home?
19. What did you get at the end of each quarter?
20. Where were you promoted at the end of the study year? Vocabulary:
to long to do — страстно желать
birthplace — место рождения
residential districts — жилой квартал
to be a walking distance from — можно дойти пешком
a flowerbed — клумба
spacious — просторный
a windowsill — подоконник
he appeared to be — он оказался
to earn a mark for the answer — получить (заработать) оценку за ответ
to call to the blackboard — вызвать к доске
written and oral assignments — письменные и устные задания
to be promoted to the next form — быть переведенным в следующий класс
Books in Our Life
Nowadays it's almost impossible to imagine our life without books. Perhaps,
there are more books on our planet than men alive.
Long before the invention of printing people valued books as treasure troves
of the human knowledge and experience. Hand — written manuscripts took months of writing and were collected by and kept in monasteries with utmost
care. We can distinguish books between three classes of them.
Firstly, books on different branches of knowledge, works by brilliant minds of
mankind. Secondly, textbooks, reference books and numerous dictionaries. And
at last, books of all kinds and genres to read at leisure.
Classics should be taken a little at a time. One's understanding of books by
Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky, Mopassan and Balzak depends on one's age and
experience.
Serious books are to be read conscientiously and maybe more than once. To a
thinking reader they will provide new food for thought every time he rereads it.
Many people indulge in reading science fiction, fantasy or detective stories. Of
course, there are some advantages and disadvantages of this kind of literature,
often reffered to as «easy reading».
As for me, good science fiction and fantasy develop imagination, logical
thinking, broader one's outlook.
The same could be said in favour of detective stories. They reveal such minute
details of everyday life in this or that particular country that are of greatest
interest for a curious reader. The masterpieces of this genre by Sir Arthur Conan
Doyle, Agatha Christie and others, show the depths of psychological analysis,
the insight into the human nature.
As an old saying goes, man cannot live on bread alone. Books are the source
of knowledge and the means of self — perfection. Sometimes it is difficult to
solve some problems in life. I think that books can help us. Books must be our
friends during all our life.
Questions:
1. What kind of books do you prefer to read?
2. Do you like to read English or Russian books?
3. Is it possible to live without books for you?
4. Books are our friends, aren't they?
5. How many classes of books do we distinguish?
Vocabulary:
treasure trove — сокровищница
monastery — монастырь
conscientiously — сознательно
to indulge in — увлекаться
science fiction — научная фантастика
outlook — кругозор
How do I Learn English? Nowadays it's very necessary to know a foreign language. Knowledge of
foreign language helps us to develop friendship and understanding among
people.
The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. English is
spoken all over the world and very popular. There is a proverb: «Knowledge is
Power» I agree with it.
I study English, because I want to read English books of great writers in the
original. I want to communicate with people from different countries, I want to
understand their culture and traditions. I like to travel.
Speaking English I can travel anywhere, because more than 1 billion people
speak English. I have a penfriend abroad. She lives in Sweden. I have much fun
writing letters to my Swedish friend.
How do I learn English? First of all I read a lot. There is always an English
book on my desk. I'm trying to learn few new words every day. To remember
words better I put them into groups. For example: believe — believer—belief —
disbelieve.
I listen to songs in English and try to recognize the words. I have some tapes
and videotapes in English. I like to watch different satellite TV programs in
English.
I like studying English.
Questions:
1. Why is it necessary to speak English?
2. Is it difficult for you to learn English?
3. Is English popular now?
4. How do you learn English?
5. Do you like studying English?
Vocabulary:
necessary — необходимый
foreign — иностранный
knowledge — знание
to develop — развиваться
total — общий
to communicate — общаться
penfriend — друг по переписке
satellite — спутник Sport in My School
If you want to keep fit you must go in for one kind of sport or another.
Sport is an essential part of my daily life. Every morning all the year round I
do my morning exercises. Almost every day I do some training. In summer I go
swimming or rowing. During my summer holidays I go on hikes. I usually spend
my winter holidays in the country where I ski, skate or toboggan.
I also go in for trackandfield (athletics) events. Different sports and games
are popular with my classmates. All my friends go in for different kinds of sport,
such as water polo, gymnastics, horseracing, wrestling, fencing, weightlifting,
boxing, icehockey, speedskating, figureskating, football, basketball, volley
ball, etc.We have fine teams at our school and different kinds of competitions
take place there. The boys of my school are crazy about football, they play
football and the girls are football fans. The girls never miss a single match
played by school teams.
And now a few words about our physical training lessons. In winter our
physical training lessons are held outofdoors. We go skiing or skating. When it
is cold outside P.T. lessons are held indoors, in our school gymnasium. We play
different teamgames such as basketball or volleyball. Besides we have some
training in gymnastics.
In autumn and in spring, when the weather is warm we have P.T. lessons at
our school stadium. My school has a sports day once a year in late spring. On
this day we have no lessons.
All the competitors change into their sports clothes, the spectators find their
seats round the track ready to cheer. All the events take place at the same time.
This day is a great success every year. Even if the weather is not warm, we enjoy
ourselves just the same.
Questions:
1. What do you do every morning all the year round?
2. Where do you usually spend your winter holidays?
3. What sports and games are popular with my classmates?
4. Where are our P. T. lessons held in winter?
5. On what day don't we have lessons?
Vocabulary:
championship — чемпионат
tournament — турнир
to cheer — поддерживать
waterpolo — водное поло
cycling — велоспорт
diving — прыжки в воду
fencing — фехтование
gymnastic — гимнастика rowing — гребля
weightlifting — подъем штанги
wrestling — борьба
fan — болельщик
British Traditions and Customs
British nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a
secret that every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In
Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in
other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully
keep them up. The best examples are their queen, money system, their weights
and measures.
There are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for
example, the Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned; he
wins a silver cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing
is an event where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance
with handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music sounds.
Another example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames,
often on Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one
with a team from Cambridge University hold a race.
British people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting
horse race in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Sometimes it
happens the same day as the Boat Race takes place, sometimes a week later.
Amateur riders as well as professional jockeys can participate. It is a very
famous event.
There are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside.
Halloween is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In
fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All
Halloween's Eve, because it happens on October 31, the eve of all Saint's Day.
The name was later shortened to Halloween. The Celts celebrated the coming of
New Year on that day.
Another tradition is the holiday called Bonfire Night.
On November 5,1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the
Houses of Parliament where the king James 1st was to open Parliament on that
day. But Guy Fawkes was unable to realize his plan and was caught and later,
hanged. The British still remember that Guy Fawkes' Night. It is another name
for this holiday. This day one can see children with figures, made of sacks and
straw and dressed in old clothes. On November 5th, children put their figures on
the bonfire, burn them, and light their fireworks.
In the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In
London, many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year's Eve. There is
singing and dancing at 12 o'clock on December 31st.
A popular Scottish event is the Edinburgh Festival of music and drama, which
takes place every year. A truly Welsh event is the Eisteddfod, a national festival of traditional poetry and music, with a competition for the best new poem in
Welsh.
If we look at English weights and measures, we can be convinced that the
British are very conservative people. They do not use the internationally
accepted measurements. They have conserved their old measures. There are
nine essential measures. For general use, the smallest weight is one ounce, then
16 ounce is equal to a pound. Fourteen pounds is one stone.
The English always give people's weight in pounds and stones. Liquids they
measure in pints, quarts and gallons. There are two pints in a quart and four
quarts or eight pints are in one gallon. For length, they have inches» foot, yards
and miles.
If we have always been used to the metric system therefore the English
monetary system could be found rather difficult for us. They have a pound
sterling, which is divided into twenty shillings, halfcrown is cost two shillings
and sixpence, shilling is worth twelve pennies and one penny could be changed
by two halfpennies.
Questions:
1. What nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe?
2. What are the best examples of their conservatism?
3. What are the most popular English traditions?
4. What is the original name of Halloween?
5. What is a popular Scottish event?
6. What is the Eisteddfod?
7. What peculiarities of the English monetary system do you know?
Vocabulary:
to be considered — считаться, рассматриваться как
customs — традиции
to attach — уделять
proud — гордый
to keep (past kept, p.p. kept) up — поддерживать, хранить
to crown — короновать
folk — народный (относящийся к обычаям, традициям простого народа)
to wear (past wore, p.p. worn) — одевать, носить
ribbon — лента, ленточка; тесьма
handkerchief — носовой платок
Boat Race — лодочные гонки
Easter Sunday — Пасхальное Воскресенье
exciting — возбуждающий, волнующий amateur — любитель; поклонник; любительский
rider — всадник, наездник; жокей
event — событие
countryside — сельская местность
Celtic — кельтский
origin — происхождение; начало
All Halloween's Eve — Канун всех святых (сокр. Хэллоуин)
Bonfire Night — Ночь костров
to blow up — взорвать, подорвать
to catch (caught) — схватить, арестовать
to hang (past hung, p.p. hung) — повесить
straw — солома
bonfire — костер
firework — обыкн. мн. фейерверк
truly — действительно, понастоящему
Eisteddfod — ежегодный фестиваль бардов (в Уэльсе)
competition — соревнование
to convince убеждать, уверять
essential — важнейший; необходимый; основной
ounce — унция ( 28,3 г)
pound — фунт (современная мера веса, используемая в англоговорящих
странах; = 453,6 г)
stone — мн. обыкн. неизм. стоун (мера веса, равен 14 фунтам, или 6,34 кг)
pint — пинта (мера емкости; в Англии = 0,57 л; в США = = 0,47 л для
жидкостей)
quart — кварта (единица измерения объема жидкости; равняется а/4 галлона
— 2 пинтам)
gallon — галлон (мера жидких и сыпучих тел = 4,54 л)
inch — дюйм (= 2,5 см)
foot — мн. ч. неизм. фут (мера длины, равная 30,48 см)
yard — ярд (мера длины, равная 3 футам или 914,4 мм)
mile — английская миля (*= 1609 м)
metric system — метрическая система
pound sterling — фунт стерлингов (денежная единица Великобритании,
равнялась 20 шиллингам, или 240 пенсам; с 1971 г. = 100 пенсам)
shilling — шиллинг (англ. серебряная монета = 1/20 фунта стерлингов — 12
пенсам)
penny — мн. репсе, pennies (об отдельных монетах) пенни, пенс
halfcrown — полкроны (монета в 2 шиллинга 6 пенсов) British Holidays
There are eight public, or bank holidays in Great Britain, that is, days when
banks and offices are closed. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's
Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Mayday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late
Summer Bank Holiday. The observance of these days is no longer limited to
banks. All the public holidays, except Christmas Day and Boxing Day observed
on the 25 and 26 of December respectively, do not fall on the same day each
year. Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though for the greater part of
the population they have long lost they religious significance and are simply
days on which people relax and make merry. Certain customs and traditions are
associated with most bank holidays. The reason is that many of them are part of
holiday seasons, like Easter and Christmas seasons. Besides public holidays,
there are celebrations, festivals, and simply days, on which certain traditions are
observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, there are ordinary working days.
February, 14 is St. Valentine's Day. It is a day for choosing sweethearts and
exchanging love tokens. Generations of young people have considered St.
Valentine to be the friend and patron of lovers and have sent gifts and hand
made valentines to their sweethearts. A valentine was a colourful card with a
short verse composed by the sender. Now thousands of readymade valentines
are sent through the post every year.
Pancake Day is a popular name for Shrove Tuesday — the last day of
enjoyment before the fasting of Lent. On this day Christians confessed their sins
to a priest. Many people still traditionally eat pancakes. One of the main events
of this day is the pancake race at Olney. The competitors in the race are local
housewives who make their pancakes and run from the village square to the
church.
The fourth Sunday in Lent is Mothering Sunday — a day of small family
reunions. On this day absent sons and daughters return to the homes and make
gifts to their mothers.
April, 1 is April Fool's Day — the day when practical jokes are played* Any
person may be made in April Fool between midnight and noon. Children are, of course, very keen supporters of the tradition. You can step in a basin of water, or
receive a letter with a deceiving message. If you are young and innocent, you
can be sent to fetch some nonexisting thing, like pigeon's milk.
Another popular British tradition is Halloween, celebrated on October, 31, the
eve of All Saints9 Day. Halloween's customs dated back to a time, when people
believed in devils, witches and ghosts. They thought that they could do all kinds
of damage to property. Some people tried to ward off the witches by painting
magic signs or nailing a horseshoe. Today the day is marked by costumeballs or
fancydress parties. On the night of Halloween children or grownups visit
houses and ask the residents if they want 'trick' or 'treat'. If the people in the
house give children a 'treat' (money or sweets), then the children will not play
trick on them. Another Halloween custom is to scrape out a pumpkin, cutting
eyes, nose and mouth in its side and lighting a candle inside. This is made to
scare the friends.
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Во время официальных праздников все банки, почтовые отделения и
большая часть офисов и магазинов закрыты, однако соблюдение этих
праздников больше не ограничивается банками.
2. Многие из них имеют религиозное происхождение, но давно потеряли
свое религиозное значение, и сейчас это просто дни, в которые люди
отдыхают и веселятся.
3. В день Св. Валентина, друга и покровителя всех влюбленных, люди
обмениваются символами любви.
4. Раньше люди посылали свои возлюбленным самодельные валентинки,
которые содержали стихи, написанные отправителем, сейчас посылают
готовые валентинки.
5. Во вторник на масленой неделе обычно христиане исповедовались в
своих грехах священнику и ели блины, сейчас одно из основных событий
дня — бег с блинами в Олни.
6. Апрельский день смеха — это день, когда вас разыгрывают, и эта
традиция с энтузиазмом поддерживается детьми.
7. Традиции Хэллоуина, кануна Дня всех святых, восходят ко времени,
когда люди верили в чертей, привидения и ведьм и пытались отпугнуть их,
рисуя магические значки или прибивая подкову.
8. Сейчас этот день отмечается костюмированными балами и маскарадами,
люди также выскребают тыквы, чтобы пугать друзей. Meals in Britain
The English proverb says: every cook praises his own broth. One can not say
English cookery is bad, but there is not a lot of variety in it in comparison with
European cuisine. The English are very particular about their meals. The usual
meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
Breakfast time is between seven and nine a.m. A traditional English breakfast
is a very big meal. It consists of juice, porridge, a rasher or two of bacon and
eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from
oranges and jam is made from other fruit. Many people like to begin with
porridge with milk or cream and sugar, but no good Scotsman ever puts sugar on
it, because Scotland is the home of porridge. For a change you can have
sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham or perhaps fish.
But nowadays in spite of the fact that the English strictly keep to their meals
many people just have cereal with milk and sugar or toast with jam or honey.
The two substantial meals of the day are lunch and dinner. Lunch is usually
taken at one o'clock. For many people lunch is a quick meal. Office workers
usually go to a cafe at this time. They take fish, poultry or cold meat (beef,
mutton, veal and ham), boiled or fried potatoes and all sorts of salad. They may
have a mutton chop or steak and chips, followed by biscuits and a cup of coffee.
Some people like a glass of light beer with lunch. Pubs also serve good, cheap
food. School children can have a hot meal at school. Some of them just bring a
snack from home.
Tea is very popular among the English; it may almost be called their national
drink. Tea is welcome in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. The
English like it strong and fresh made. The English put one teaspoonful of tea
for each person. Tea means two things. It is a drink and a meal. Some people have afternoon tea, so called «high tea» with sandwiches, tomatoes and salad, a
tin of apricots, pears or pineapples and cakes, and, of course a cup of tea. That is
what they call good tea. It is a substantial meal.
Cream teas are also popular. Many visitors, who come to Britain, find English
instant coffee disgusting. Dinner time is generally between six and eight p.m.
The evening meal is the biggest and the main meal of the day. Very often the
whole family eats together. They begin with soup, followed by fish, roast
chicken, potatoes and vegetables, fruit and coffee.
On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch consisting of roast
chicken, lamb or beef with salads, vegetables and gravy.
The British enjoy tasting delicious food from other countries, for example,
French, Italian, Indian and Chinese food. Modern people are so busy that they do
not have a lot of time for cooking themselves. So, the British buy the food at the
restaurant and bring it home already prepared to eat. So we can conclude that
takeaway meals are rather popular among the population. Eating has become
rather international in Britain lately.
Questions:
1. What are the usual meals in England?
2. What time do they have breakfast?
3. What is a traditional English breakfast?
4. What are the two substantial meals of the day?
5. When is lunch usually taken?
6. What does lunch include?
7. Is tea popular among the English?
8. When do they usually have dinner?
9. Do the British enjoy tasting delicious food from other countries?
Vocabulary:
proverb — пословица, поговорка
Every cook praises his own broth — поел, каждый повар хвалит свой
собственный бульон; аналое, каждый кулик хвалит свое болото
cookery — кулинария; стряпня
variety — многообразие, разнообразие
cuisine — кухня, стол (питание; поваренное искусство)
particular — редкий, особенный; особый, специфический
lunch — обед (обычно в полдень в середине рабочего дня), ланч
porridge — (овсяная) каша
rasher — тонкий ломтик бекона/ветчины (для поджаривания)
sausage — колбасу; сосиска; колбасный фарш mushroom — гриб
in spite of — несмотря на
strictly — бдительно, внимательно, неусыпно
cereal — обыкн.мн, злак; крупа, крупяной продукт (полученные из зерновых
культур)
honey — мед
substantial — питательный (о пище); существенный, большой
poultry — домашняя птица
beef — говядина
mutton — баранина
veal — телятина
ham — ветчина, окорок
boiled — кипяченый, вареный
fried — жареный
chop — небольшой кусок мяса, отбивная (котлета)
steak — бифштекс, кусок мяса/рыбы (для жаренья)
cheap — дешевый, недорогой
snack — легкая закуска
teaspoonful — целая чайная ложка
tin — жестяная консервная банка; жестянка
apricot — абрикос
pear — груша
pineapple — ананас
instant coffee — растворимый кофе
disgusting — отвратительный, плохой, противный
roast — жаркое; жареный
lamb — мясо молодого барашка
gravy — подливка (из сока жаркого), соус
delicious — восхитительный, прелестный; очень вкусный
to conclude — сделать вывод, подвести итог National Emblems of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom (abbreviated from "The United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland") is the political name of the country which
consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (sometimes known as
Ulster).
Great Britain is the name of the island which is made up of England, Scotland,
Wales, whereas the British Isles is the geographical name of all the islands off
the northwest coast of the European continent. In everyday speech "Britain" is
used to mean the United Kingdom.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of
three crosses. The upright red cross on a white background is the cross of the 1st
George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross on a blue
background is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, The red
diagonal cross on a white background is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint
of Ireland. The Welsh flag, called the Welsh dragon, represents a red dragon on a white
and green background.
St. George's Day falls on 23 April and is regarded as England's national day.
On this day some patriotic Englishmen wear a rose pinned to their jackets'. A red
rose is the national emblem of England from the time of the Wars of the Roses
(15th century).
St. Andrew's Day (the 30th of November) is regarded as Scotland's national
day. On this day some Scotsmen wear a thistle in their buttonhole. As a national
emblem of Scotland, thistle apparently first used in the 15th century as a symbol
of defence. The Order of the Thistle is one of the highest orders of knighthood.
It was founded in 1687, and is mainly given to Scottish noblemen (limited to 16
in number).
St. Patrick's Day (the 17th of March) is considered as a national day in
Northern Ireland and an official bank holiday there. The national emblem of
Ireland is shamrock. According to legend, it was the plant chosen by St. Patrick
to illustrate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity to the Irish.
St. David's Day (the 1st of March) is the church festival of St. David, a 6th
century monk and bishop, the patron saint of Wales. The day is regarded as the
national holiday of Wales, although it is not an official bank holiday.
On this day, however, many Welshmen wear either a yellow daffodil or a leek
pinned to their jackets, as both plants are traditionally regarded as national
emblems of Wales.
In the Royal Arms three lions symbolize England, a lion rampant — Scotland,
and a harp — Ireland. The whole is encircled and is supported by a lion and a
unicorn. The lion has been used as a symbol of national strength and of the
British monarchy for many centuries. The unicorn, a mythical animal that looks
like a horse with a long straight horn, has appeared on the Scottish and British
royal coats of arms for many centuries, and is a symbol of purity.
Questions:
1. What does the word "Britain" mean in everyday speech?
2. What is the flag of the United Kingdom made up of?
3. How is the Welsh flag called?
4. What do some Englishmen wear on St. George's Day?
5. What day is regarded as Scotland's national day?
6. What day is a national day in Northern Ireland?
7. What do three lions in the Royal Arms symbolize?
8. What does the unicorn symbolize?
Vocabulary: everyday speech — обыденная речь
background — основание
patron saint — святойпокровитель
pin — прикалывать булавкой
thistle — чертополох
knighthood — рыцарское достоинство
nobleman — дворянин
bank holiday — большой праздник
shamrock — трилистник
church festival — церковный праздник
monk — монах
bishop — епископ
daffodil — нарцисс
rampant — стоящий на задних лапах
unicorn — единорог
coats of arms — герб
purity — чистота
Transport in Britain
You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest
way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest,
connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a
frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights. If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is
a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the
southeast of England.
People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The
speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110
km/h) on motorways.
When you are in London you can choose from four different means of
transport: bus, train, underground or taxi. The typical bus in London is a red
doubledecker. The first London bus started running between Paddington and
the City in 1829. It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.
The next to arrive were the trains; now there are twelve railway stations in
London. The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and
the City in 1863. Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground
stations in use. The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the
circular shape of its deep tunnels.
Questions:
1. What is the fastest way of traveling?
2. How many airports are there in London?
3. What kind of service helps to cross the Channel?
4. What are some "rules" of driving in Britain?
5. What does typical bus in London look like?
6. Where was the first underground opened?
7. Why is London underground called the Tube?
Vocabulary:
to reach — достигать
underground — метро
charter flight — чартерный рейс
steamer — пароход
ferryboat — паром
to overtake — обгонять
shilling — шиллинг
shape — форма
Places of Interest in Great Britain Britain is rich in its historic places which link the present with the past. The
oldest part of London is Lud Hill, where the city is originated. About a mile west
of it there is Westminster Palace, where the king lived and the Parliament met,
and there is also Westminster Abbey, the coronation church. Liverpool, the "city
of ships", is England's second greatest port, ranking after London. The most
interesting sight in the Liverpool is the docks. They occupy a river frontage of
seven miles. The University of Liverpool, established in 1903, is noted for its
School of Tropical Medicine. And in the music world Liverpool is a wellknown
name, for it's the home town of "The Beatles".
StratfordonAvon lies 93 miles northwest of London. Shakespeare was born
here in 1564 and here he died in 1616. Cambridge and Oxford Universities are
famous centres of learning. Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument, presumably
built by Druids, members of an order of priests in ancient Britain. Tintagel
Castle is King Arthur's reputed birthplace. Canterbury Cathedral is the seat of
the Archbishop of Canterbury, head of the Church of England.
The British Museum is the largest and richest museum in the world. It was
founded in 1753 and contains one of the world's richest collections of
antiquities. The Egyptian Galleries contain human and animal mummies. Some
parts of Athens' Parthenon are in the Greek section. Madam Tussaud's Museum
is an exhibition of hundreds of lifesize wax models of famous people of
yesterday and today. The collection was started by Madam Tussaud, a French
modeller in wax, in the 18th century. Here you can meet Marilyn Monroe, Elton
John, Picasso, the Royal Family, the Beatles and many others: writers, movie
stars, singers, politicians, sportsmen, etc.
Questions:
1. What is the oldest part of London?
2. What is Westminster Palace?
3. What is called "city of ships"?
4. Why is StratfordonAvon famous?
5. What are the famous centres of learning,
6. What is Stonehenge?
7. Who is the head of Church of England? What is his seat?
8. What is the largest and the richest museum in the world? What unique
collections does it contain?
Vocabulary:
Lud Hill — Лад Хилл
church — церковь
frontage — фасад
prehistoric — доисторический
order — орден
priest — священник
Tintagel — Тинтэйджэл Canterbury Cathedral Archbishop — архиепископ Кентерберийский
Fashion in the USA and Britain
Many British people don't think about clothes very much. In Britain, as well
as in the USA, men in offices usually wear suits and ties and women wear
dresses or skirts (not trousers). Doctors» lawyers and business people wear quite
formal clothes.
And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear
smart dresses. Jeans and open shirts are sometimes not allowed. It is difficult to
say exactly what people wear in Britain and the States because everyone is
different. It you are not sure what to wear watch what other people do and then
do the same. Or ask the advice of a friend or your host. You'll feel relaxed if you
don't look too different from everyone else.
British people just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy
themselves, they can wear almost everything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts
you can put on what you like — from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and
sweaters. In many ways.
Americans are more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful
with their clothes. At home or on holiday most Americans wear informal or
sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In
good hotels and restaurants men have to wear jackets and ties and women wear
pretty clothes and smart hairstyles. But these days most people in Britain and the
USA do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the
right thing.
Questions:
1. British people don't think about clothes very much, do they?
2. What do British people wear to a restaurant?
3. What clothes do Americans wear on holidays?
4. Do people in these countries often wear formal clothes? 5, What is the
difference between British and American fashion?
Vocabulary:
formal — официальный
trousers — брюки
smart — изящный
to allow — разрешать
hairstyle — прическа Great Britain and the USA: Life of Youth
Our youth is mostly similar to the youth abroad in many aspects of life.
Numerous youth organizations have been formed since the Second World War,
uniting young people from all classes and sections of the population. In the USA
exists a Young Republican Federation, Young Christian Association, some
religious organizations for Jewish youth. Youth organization Green peace deals
with the most urgent ecological problems of today's world. It protests against
nuclear weapon test, sea and soil pollution, etc.
Sport clubs are characteristic youth organizations in the US and the UK. They
unite people, who are interested in baseball, football, basketball, golf; etc. You
can attend any club: from theatre clubs to birdwatching clubs. Birdwatching
clubs are very popular, especially in Great Britain.
And at the age of 14 children have regular parttime job to earn some pocket
money. Some young people work in their church organizations. They help
elderly people or work in hospital. There are even some groups, where young
people help released prisoners to start their life anew. Youth and youth
movement over decades have become important factors in the life of both
countries.
Questions:
1. What do you know about the youth movement abroad?
2. What is the aim of sport clubs?
3. What youth organizations of the USA do you know?
4. How do interest clubs work?
5. What is the main task of youth organization Green peace?
Vocabulary:
to unite — объединять
urgent — насущный
nuclear weapon — ядерное оружие
to deal with — заниматься чемлибо
pollution — загрязнение Mass Media
Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization.
People are united into one global community with the help of mass media.
People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass
media. The mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television.
The earliest kind of mass media was newspaper. The first newspaper was
Roman handwritten newssheet called «Acta Diurna» started in 59 B.C.
Magazines appeared in 1700's. They developed from newspapers and
booksellers' catalogs. Radio and TV appeared only in 20th century.
The most exciting and entertaining kind of mass media is television. It brings
moving pictures and sounds directly to people's homes. So one can see events in
faraway places just sitting in his or her chair.
Radio is widespread for its portability. It means that radios can easily be
carried around. People like listening to the radio on the beach or picnic, while
driving a car or just walking down the street. The main kind of radio
entertainment is music.
Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much detail in
comparison to radio and TV newscasts. Newspapers can cover much more
events and news.
Magazines do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more
profound analysis of events of preceeding week. Magazines are designed to be
kept for a longer time so they have cover and binding and are printed on better
paper.
Questions:
1. What kinds of mass media do you know?
2. What was the earliest kind of mass media?
3. Why is the television so exciting?
4. What is the reason for widespread use of radios?
5. What advantages do newspapers have over the other kinds of mass media?
6. What is the difference between a newspaper and a magazine?
Vocabulary:
feature — черта
mass media — средства массовой информации handwritten — написанный от руки
newssheet — листовка
bookseller — книготорговец
entertaining — развлекательный
portability — портативность
newcast — обзор новостей
to focus — сосредоточиваться
profound — глубокий
cover — обложка
binding — переплет
Music in Our Life
Music occupies an important place in our life. We cant live without it. People
have different musical tastes depending on their age, education and even mood.
Some people like classical music, others prefer rock, pop or jazz, but nobody is
indifferent to it.
As for me I used to sing in front of the mirror in my childhood. A pencil box
served me as a microphone and I imitated a show on the stage. It was a great
fun!
At present I can't spend a day without music. In the morning I prefer fast
rhythmical music. It's like a cup of coffee or a cool shower that encourages you
and freshens you up. So, since the early morning you are in a cheerful spirit and
the forthcoming day seems to give many pleasant surprises. Isn't it a great start
of the day?
If you are in a bad humour, you'd better turn to music. Nothing can help you
better to forget about your problems than a merry song. Listen to your favourite
melody and your spleen will disappear, and you are in a good temper again.
After a hard working day I like to listen to some slow, beautiful melody. It
helps me to relax and to forget about my tiredness.
In fact, music is an integral part of my life and I can't just imagine how I
would live without it!
Пайдаланылған әдебиеттер: 1 Essential Grammar in Use. Raymond Murphy.
2 Grammarway. Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans
3 Курасовская И. Грамматика английского языка.
4 И.А.Грузинская Грамматика английского языка.
5 Курасовская И. Грамматика английского языка.
6 И.А.Грузинская Грамматика английского языка.
7 Клементьева Т.Б. Шеннон Д.А. Счастливый
английский – 2. Учебник 79 кл.
8 Книга для чтения. Счастливый английский – 2. Клементьева Т.Б.
9 Грамматика английского языка в таблицах. ООО «Виктория плюс».
10.google.com интернет ресурсы
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