About Biology
Biology is the "science of life." It is the study of living and once-living things, from submicroscopic structures in single-celled organisms to entire ecosystems with billions of interacting organisms; it further ranges in time focus from a single metabolic reaction inside a cell to the life history of one individual and on to the course of many species over eons of time. Biologists study the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how species and individuals come into existence, and their interactions with each other and with the environment. The purview of biology extends from the origin of life to the fundamental nature of human beings and their relationship to all other forms of life.
Biology, or "life science," offers a window into fundamental principles shared by living organisms. These principles reveal a harmony and unity of the living world operating simultaneously among a great diversity of species and even in the midst of competition both between and within species for scarce resources. The overlying harmony is seen at each level, from within a cell to the level of systems in individuals (nervous, circulatory, respiratory, etc.), the immediate interactions of one organism with others, and on to the complex of organisms and interactions comprising an ecosystem with a multitude of ecological niches each supporting one species. As the science dealing with all life, biology encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that have often been viewed as independent disciplines.About Biology
Biology.docx
About Biology
Biology is the "science of life." It is the study of living and onceliving things, from
submicroscopic structures in singlecelled organisms to entire ecosystems with
billions of interacting organisms; it further ranges in time focus from a single
metabolic reaction inside a cell to the life history of one individual and on to the
course of many species over eons of time. Biologists study the characteristics and
behaviors of organisms, how species and individuals come into existence, and
their interactions with each other and with the environment. The purview of
biology extends from the origin of life to the fundamental nature of human
beings and their relationship to all other forms of life.
Biology, or "life science," offers a window into fundamental principles shared by
living organisms. These principles reveal a harmony and unity of the living world
operating simultaneously among a great diversity of species and even in the midst
of competition both between and within species for scarce resources. The
overlying harmony is seen at each level, from within a cell to the level of systems
in individuals (nervous, circulatory, respiratory, etc.), the immediate interactions
of one organism with others, and on to the complex of organisms and interactions
comprising an ecosystem with a multitude of ecological niches each supporting
one species. As the science dealing with all life, biology encompasses a broad
spectrum of academic fields that have often been viewed as independent
disciplines. Among these are molecular biology, biochemistry, cell
biology, physiology, anatomy, developmental biology,
genetics, ecology, paleontology, and evolutionary biology. Biologists study the
structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms.
There are generally considered to be at least nine “umbrella” fields of biology,
each of which consists of multiple subfields.
Biochemistry: the study of the material substances that make up living
things
Botany: the study of plants, including agriculture
Cellular biology: the study of the basic cellular units of living things
Ecology: the study of how organisms interact with their environment
Evolutionary biology: the study of the origins and changes in the diversity
of life over time
Genetics: the study of heredity
Molecular biology: the study of biological molecules
Physiology: the study of the functions of organisms and their parts
Zoology: the study of animals, including animal behavior
1 Adding to the complexity of this enormous idea is the fact that these fields
overlap. It is impossible to study zoology without knowing a great deal about
evolution, physiology and ecology. You can’t study cellular biology without
knowing biochemistry and molecular biology as well.
Framework of understanding
All the branches of biology can be unified within a framework of five basic
understandings about living things. Studying the details of these five ideas
provides the endless fascination of biological research:
Cell Theory: There are three parts to cell theory — the cell is the basic unit
of life, all living things are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre
existing cells.
Energy: All living things require energy, and energy flows between
organisms and between organisms and the environment.
Heredity: All living things have DNA and genetic information codes the
structure and function of all cells.
Equilibrium: All living things must maintain homeostasis, a state of
balanced equilibrium between the organism and its environment.
Evolution: This is the overall unifying concept of biology. Evolution is the
change over time that is the engine of biological diversity.
Тапсырмалар
1.Бос орындарды толтырыңыз:
Biology is the "science of__________.
B__________s study the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how species
and individuals come into existence, and their interactions with each other and
with the ___________________.
There are generally considered to be at least _____“umbrella” fields of biology,
each of which consists of multiple subfields.
Adding to the complexity of this enormous idea is the fact that these
fields__________.
Studying the details of these ________ __________provides the endless
fascination of biological research.
2 2.Төменде берілген сөздерді аударыңыз:
Simultaneously overlap
Immediate fascination
Heredity equilibrium
3.Сәйкестендірңіз:
Botany
Ecology
Physiology
Genetics
Energy
Evolutionary biology
Cell Theory
the study of the functions of organisms
and their parts
There are three parts to cell theory —
the cell is the basic unit of life, all living
things are composed of cells, and all
cells arise from preexisting cells.
the study of heredity
the study of the origins and changes in
the diversity of life over time
the study of plants, including
agriculture
All living things require energy, and
energy flows between organisms and
between organisms and the
environment.
the study of how organisms interact
with their environment
4.Дұрыс әлде бұрыс екенін белгілеңіз:
Biologists study the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how
species and individuals come into existence, and their interactions with
each other and with the environment.
There are generally considered to be at least seven “umbrella” fields
of biology, each of which consists of multiple subfields.
Genetics is the study of DNA and evolution .
As the science dealing with all life, biology encompasses a broad
spectrum of academic fields that have often been viewed as independent
disciplines.
Studying the details of these eight ideas provides the endless
fascination of biological research.
5.Төмендегі кестені толтырыңыз:
3 Мысалы (жоғарыдағы мәтін
ішінен алынады)
Грамматика
Infinitive
Present Perfect Continuous
V3
Present Simple
5 prepositions
Past Simple
6.Етістіктерді Инфинитив және Герундий формаларына қойыңыз:
NFINITIV
To focus
GERUND
To study
To reveal
living
knowing
7.Берілген аударманың ағылшын тіліндегі нұсқасын мәтіннен
жазыңыз:
Как наука, изучающая все живое, биология охватывает широкий спектр
научных направлений, которые часто рассматриваются как
самостоятельные дисциплины. Среди них есть молекулярная биология,
биохимия, клеточная биология, физиология, анатомия, биология
развития, генетика, экология, палеонтология и эволюционная биология.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
ɪˈɔ əʤɪ
l
ˈ ːə
] сущ
biology [ba
eon [ i n]
purview [ p vju ] сущ
scarce resources [ ske s r z
ˈ ɜː
ː
ˈ
ə ɪ
ɪˈ ɔː ɪ
s z] сущ
4 t r ] прил
ˈ ɜː ʊ ə ə ɪ
l
circulatory [ s kj
ɪə ə ə ɪ
ɪ ˈ
respiratory [r s pa r t r ] прил
ˈ ʌ ɪ
ː
multitude [ m lt tju d] сущ
ɪɒ ˈ ɒ əʤɪ
paleontology [pæl n t
evolutionary biology [i v lu n r ba
growth [gr
] сущ
ːʃ ə ɪ
l
ː əˈ
] сущ
əʊθ
ˈ ɔ ə ɪ
botany [ b t n ] сущ
əʊˈɔ əʤɪ
zoology [z
l
] сущ
ɪ ɪˈɔ əʤɪ
] сущ
heredity [h red t ] сущ
ɪə
equilibrium [i kw l br m] сущ
evolution [i v lu n] сущ
simultaneously [s ml te n sl ] нареч
ɪ ɪə ɪ
ˈ
ɪˈ
ː
ː əˈ
physiology [f z
l
ɪ ɪ
ɪˈ ɪ
ːʃ
ɪ
ː ə
immediate [ mi dj
ɪ ɪ
ɪˈ
ɪˈ
ɪˈ
heredity [h red t ] сущ
fascination [fæs ne n] сущ
ɪʃ
overlap [
v læp] сущ
əʊ əˈ
ːə ɪ
DNA [ di ne ] сущ
ˈ
t] прил
ɪˈɔ əʤɪ
l
] сущ
5
Information about Biology for kids
Information about Biology for kids
Information about Biology for kids
Information about Biology for kids
Information about Biology for kids
Материалы на данной страницы взяты из открытых истончиков либо размещены пользователем в соответствии с договором-офертой сайта. Вы можете сообщить о нарушении.