Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
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A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great. The first domestic ship was built before the birth of Peter in 1667. The Dutch masters together with local craftsmen built a two-deck vessel on the Oka river with three masts and the possibility of traveling by sea. Length reached 24.5 m, width 6.5 m, draught was 1.5 m. The first warship in the camp consisted of 22 cannons. The crew of 22 sailors and 35 Riflemen. The name of the ship was in honor of the Russian state emblem "eagle". In the summer of 1669 "eagle" and its accompanying boats came to Astrakhan. Here and was captured by the army of Stepan Razin. Rebels fearing that Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich later uses the ship against them in the spring of 1670 drove the ship into the channel, where he stood for many years and became dilapidated. Although the "Eagle" was not destined to protect domestic shipping in the Caspian sea, its role in the history of shipbuilding is great. Peter the Great believed that this event marked the beginning of Maritime Affairs in Russia and "worthy of eternal memory." However, in the history of the birthday of the Navy of our country is associated with another date. "He who owns the sea, owns the world trade. And who owns the world trade, owns the wealth of the Earth and herself" - wrote the English Navigator and pirate of the 17th century Walter Raleigh. Peter the Great was The First Russian Emperor to introduce Russia to modern European culture.
краткая истори вмф на английском.docx
A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation
of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred
years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great. The first
domestic ship was built before the birth of Peter in 1667. The Dutch masters
together with local craftsmen built a twodeck vessel on the Oka river with three
masts and the possibility of traveling by sea. Length reached 24.5 m, width 6.5 m,
draught was 1.5 m. The first warship in the camp consisted of 22 cannons. The
crew of 22 sailors and 35 Riflemen. The name of the ship was in honor of the
Russian state emblem "eagle". In the summer of 1669 "eagle" and its
accompanying boats came to Astrakhan. Here and was captured by the army of
Stepan Razin. Rebels fearing that Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich later uses the ship
against them in the spring of 1670 drove the ship into the channel, where he stood
for many years and became dilapidated. Although the "Eagle" was not destined to
protect domestic shipping in the Caspian sea, its role in the history of shipbuilding
is great. Peter the Great believed that this event marked the beginning of Maritime
Affairs in Russia and "worthy of eternal memory." However, in the history of the
birthday of the Navy of our country is associated with another date. "He who owns
the sea, owns the world trade. And who owns the world trade, owns the wealth of
the Earth and herself" wrote the English Navigator and pirate of the 17th century
Walter Raleigh. Peter the Great was The First Russian Emperor to introduce
Russia to modern European culture.
In 1697 he sent the "Great Embassy" to European countries to get
acquainted with the overseas life. Peter the great himself went incognito
under the name of "Peter Mikhailov" to it in Europe has not been a single
Russian Tsar! Peter the great wanted to create a state on the European
model. In Amsterdam, he watched the shipyard, plotting the construction of
a large fleet. King practiced in the art of carpentry. The ring that Peter
ordered before the trip, it was wygravirovano "I am a student and looking
for a teacher." Teachers Peter found himself a Dutchman, some of the best
sailors in Europe. Without Maritime trade, the Russians were cut off from
the world. On the black sea hosted the Turkseven when the Russian
captured Azov, the Turks still owned the Straitsnot allowing to trade with
Europe.The Baltic sea from all sides covered the possession of Sweden.
The primary task, on which the further development of the Russian state
depended, Peter the great understood that this could be achieved only by
joint actions of the army and Navy. As Peter said, " the army of the land
has one hand, and the army and the fleet have two hands." Therefore, in
an unheardof short time, from November 1695 to may 1696, in Voronezh,
Bryansk and many other cities located along the banks of the rivers flowing
into the sea of Azov, the ships "Apostle Paul", 4 fire – ships, 23 galleys,
1300 plows, sea boats and rafts were located, which made up the Azov
fleetthe first regular formation of the domestic Navy. As a result, on July
19, 1696 Russia with the support of the fleet won the first major victory in
the struggle for access to the sea – taken the Turkish fortress Azov. After
discussing the results of the fighting in the Azov, the boyar Duma on 20
October 1696г. On the proposal of Peter 1 issued a decree in which it
decided:"Sea ships to be." Peter 1 considered it necessary to get
acquainted with the state of shipbuilding abroad. In 1697. He went to
Holland and England, taking with them to study about a hundred young
people; at that time, these countries were considered the most advanced in
the construction of ships. Back in Russia, Peter the great personally
designed the drawings of the 58gun ship, called "Photoprotective". Peter I
was the chief Builder of this ship."God's foresight" in Latin means this ship.
It was built at the Voronezh shipyard in 1700. A very beautiful ship, a fair
amount of art and very well built. By spring 1700. 40 sailing ships and 113
rowing vessels were built. Azov fleet is gaining strength. Azov victory in the
South this is only the beginning of Russia's struggle for access to the
seas. Peter I faced the task of reaching the Baltic sea coastcommunication
with Europe and further development of the state without it was
unthinkable. Russia met with fierce resistance from Sweden. Began a long
Northern war 17001721, the Swedes struck a sudden blow to the
Arkhangel'sk is the only port through which was maintained the commercial
relations of Russia with Europe. Anticipating this danger, Peter I in 1700.
he ordered to install shore batteries here, to create fortifications. At the
mouth of the Northern Dvina was quickly built Novodvinsk fortress.
Swedish squadron of 7 ships, not knowing about it, June 24, 1701. came to
the mouth to fire and capture Arkhangelsk. After a 13hour battle, the
surviving Swedes managed to go to sea on one galliot. Russian soldiers
planted on karbasy seized Swedish ships and raised Russian flags on
them. In the struggle of the young Russian fleet with the enemy appeared
famous Peter's commandments: "The enemies do not believe – they are
beaten» "Flag in front of the enemy to keep under any circumstances»
"Fight to the last, and at the last moment destroy the ship» and many
others. They formed the basis of the combat traditions of The Russian fleet.
Gangut battle occupies a special place among naval battles of Peter's time.
This is a naval battle of the great Northern war of 17001721, which took
place on 26 – 27 July 1714. at Peninsula Gangut. During this fierce battle,
a detachment of ships of the Swedish fleet, together with the commander of
the detachment rear Admiral N. Uh. Ehrenskjöld was captured. Peter I equated it to a victory over Swedes near Poltava in 1709. Peter had
founded a new city at the mouth of the Neva river is St. Petersburgfounded
in 1703., the city, which became the Northern capital of the Russian Empire
and all this in order to gain a foothold on the Baltic sea. The construction of
the Peter and Paul fortress was started, the Baltic fleet was created. In
17011704 Russian troops entrenched on the coast of the Gulf of Finland,
took Yam, Koporye, dorpt, Ivangorod and Narva. Sweden had to sign
peace, giving way to the Baltic coast. The great power of Sweden is gone
forever, and Russia has taken a place in the system of European powers.
Trade and industry began to develop. In Russia there was a regular Azov,
Baltic and Caspian fleet. Over the last thirty years of the reign of Peter I
Russian Navy has become a formidable force it was built 111 ships of the
line, 38 frigates, brigantines 60, 8 snav, 67 large galley, a significant
number scampavia, bombarding ships, fireships, Shmakov, pramov, up to
300 vehicles and numerous small craft.
By its military and seaworthiness Russian ships are not inferior to the ships
of the great Maritime powers, like England and France. XVIII century.
Creation of the black sea fleet. After the death of Peter I, in January 1725.,
the construction of warships in the country almost stopped only those
ships that were on the stocks were completed. The sea was ordered not to
go – "avoid losses". The ships were dilapidated, the fleet was inactive.
Catherine II wrote in 1763г. "We have surplus ships and people, but have
neither fleet nor sailors.» Russia regained the prestige of a Maritime power
only as a result of decisive measures. Since the early 60ies of the XVIII
century to the end of our shipyards were built more than 200 ships of the
line and frigates that formed the basis of a revived domestic Navy. With the
beginning of the war with Turkey, which at that time had a first class fleet
in July 1769February 1770, the squadron of Admiral G. A. spiridova made
the transition from the Baltic sea to the Aegean for action near the Turkish
coast. 24th June Our was discovered the Turkish fleet under the command
of HassanBey, the ships began a rapprochement with the Turks. After the
death of the Turkish flagship real Mustafa” The Turkish fleet retreated
under the cover of coastal batteries in the Chesme Bay. The Turkish
command continuously strengthened protection of the Chesme Bay. On the
shore batteries, located at the entrance, from the ships were brought guns.
The enemy artillery fired at the Russian squadron. But the training of
Russian ships to attack weakened. By the evening of June 25, the commanders of the ships
reported on their readiness for battle. At night on June 26 the Russian
ships,to approach in Chemsky Bay, opened artillery fire. By dawn, 12
Ottoman battleships, 6 frigates were burned, and the rest were captured.
The Turkish fleet ceased to exist. In the night the Turks lost 11 thousand
people. Russian fleet had no losses in ships, killed 11 people, successful
action of the Navy greatly contributed to the victorious end of the Russo
Turkish war of 17681774гг. and the conclusion is beneficial for our
country, for which Russia withdrew much of the land near the Black sea.
May 2, 1783 in Akhtiar Bay entered and anchored 11 ships of the Azov
fleet. Since that time, the naval forces in the South of Russia began to be
called the black sea fleet. A month later laid a new port and the city, called
Sevastopol. It became the main base of the black sea fleet. One of the
founders of the black sea fleet and its commander was the commander of
the fleet. In 1787. Turkey started a war with Russia to return Crimea.In this
war with less than the Turks , the number of ships, with almost half the
number of guns invincible uşak Pasha – the socalled Russian Admiral
Turks dealt to the Turkish fleet is one crushing defeat after another.
Ushakov without rebuilding the fleet, the move is directed at the Turks. The
RussianTurkish war of 17871791 was victoriously completed. The Treaty
confirmed the accession of Crimea and Kuban to Russia, established the
border between the two States on the Dniester river. A great naval
commander proved to F. F. Ushakov and boenig actions of the United
squadron in the Mediterranean against the French. He competed here in
military glory with the famous British Admiral Nelson. On 18 February 1799,
ViceAdmiral Updaw made with sea assault on the fortress of Corfu. After
landing in two days of persistent the French garrison surrendered to the
resistance. It was captured Sixteen ships of the French fleet (including the
battleship and the frigate), captured 2931 people, including 4 generals.
Keys to Corfu, stern flags enemy war ships, ViceAdmiral, sent to the
Emperor Paul 1. The great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov, upon
learning of the victory Russian sailors at Corfu, exclaimed: "Hurrah!
Russian fleet... I now I say to myself: why was not and at least in Corfu a
Midshipman?". For this victory Pavel Ushakov was granted the rank of
Admiral and diamond signs to the order of Alexander Nevsky. XIX century.
The Crimean war and the creation of the steam fleet. All the best of the F.
F. Ushakov inherited his faithful disciple. Senyavin. During the Russian Turkish war (18061812) Dmitry Nikolaevich. commanding a Russian
squadron in the Mediterranean, defeated the Turkish fleet in Dardanelles
and Athos battles. 30 Oct 1807. squadron senyavina I had to go to Lisbon
for repairs. Here Russian sailors caught a Declaration of war with England.
Blocked for ten months the British fleet of Admiral cotton, Russian ships
were in a trap. As a result, a contract was concluded under which the
squadron of nine battleships and one frigate was transferred to save
England for the duration of the war. so that all ships six months after the
conclusion of the peace were returned to Russia. Flags were lowered in
solemn atmosphere after the descent of the crews and the Admiral ashore.
From adopted the British courts only two in 1883g. returned n Russia, rest
as come full decrepitude. By the time these ships return to the Baltic, the
Russian fleet was in a state of decline: the ships kept in harbors, they
decayed and rotten, and a new court built in a small amount of raw wood.
Their the service life was no more than six years, while the ships of the
same rank, built in Sweden NZ goodquality, seasoned, dry forest, have
been in service for up to twenty years. None of the autocrats of Russia
Alexander brought as much harm to the domestic fleet as he did. Only in
the mid20s of the XIX century. (that is, after his death) state The Russian
Navy began to improve started to the construction of new ships, began to
carry out many technical innovation. In subsequent years, through the
efforts of admirals M. p. Lazarev, and then P. with Nakhimov, V. A.
Kornilov, V. I. Istomin, the structure of the Navy was improved, and material
supply was established. October 8, 1827. In the battle of Navarino Russian
squadron played a crucial role in the defeat of the TurkishEgyptian fleet
United RussianAngloFrench squadron. Of the 66 enemy ships were
destroyed 60. The commander of the battleship "Azov" captain 1st rank
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev for personal bravery in this battle he received the
rank of rear Admiral. In 1832, M. P. Lazarev was appointed chief of staff of
the black sea fleet, and in 1833 the chief commander of the fleet. The main
rule Mikhail Petrovich was; " more sweat in schoolless blood on war.» The
black sea fleet has become one of the best fleets in the world. In 1853, on
the eve of the Crimean war, in view of the tense relations with Turkey, the
black sea fleet squadron under the command of Vice Admiral p. S.
Nakhimov was always at sea. With the outbreak of hostilities Admiral
began an active search for the Ottoman fleet. November 18, 1853
Nakhimov with six battleships and two frigates defeated the Turkish fleet standing in Sinop Bay. The battle of Sinop became a famous event in the
history of combat operations of sailing fleets, and the use of guns by
Russian ships firing explosive shells accelerated the transition to the
construction of a steam armored fleet. The founder of the first Russian
steamships was a ship built in 1815 in St. Petersburg at the plant "Berda".
The speed of the steamship reached 11 km / h. (5,7 knots) the first official
flight of the steamship made from St. Petersburg to Kronstadt with an
average speed (5 knots). By the twentieth anniversary of the first flight,
there were 52 ships. However, the Russian Navy remained still sailing. As
a result, powerful sailing ships were suitable only for being flooded to block
the path of the enemy fleet in Sevastopol Bay. The twentieth century, From
the RussoJapanese war before the revolution. Russianninska war of
19041905 nagazine have okazala that baby torpedo boats had become a
formidable danger., mighty armadillos. This led to Pavlenko mine cruisers
of the socalled contrivances that is a craft specifically designed to search
and destroy the destroyers of the ordinary. Russia's expansion in the far
East forced it to adopt two new shipbuilding Programs1895 and 1898 "for
the needs of the Far East" in accordance with them domestic and foreign
shipyards by the beginning of the RussianJapanese war managed to build
ten squadron battleships, eleven cruisers and other ships. These ships
entered grade, part of the 1st and 2nd Pacific squadron. Tactical and
technical characteristics of the built ships, especially the squadron
battleships of the Borodino type, were at the level of the world standards of
that time. The war in the far East began on the night of January 27, 1904.
treacherous attack of the Japanese fleet on the Russian squadron on the
RAID of Port Arthur and the ships standing in Chemulpo. Squadron
battleships Tsesarevich", " Retvizan "and the cruiser" Pallada "were put out
of action, and the cruiser" Varyag "and the gunboat" Korean "after a failed
attempt in the afternoon of January 27 with the battle to break into Port
Arthur returned to Chemulpo, where" Varyag "was flooded, and" Korean "
blown up to prevent the capture of enemy ships. In a difficult hour, the
commander of the Pacific fleet was appointed ViceAdmiral S. O. Makarov,
Fearless and energetic were the actions of those who arrived in the
blocked enemy Port Arthur. With each appearance of Japanese ships, the
commander took the squadron out of the base to repel the enemy. On
March 31 at the next exit of a squadron the flagship battleship
"Petropavlovsk" was blown up on a mine. There was an explosion of the bow cellar shells. Shrouded in a cloud of smoke and fire, with the battleship
roll on the starboard side began to quickly sink his nose and a half or two
minutes disappeared under water. Killed the commander of the fleet, Vice
Admiral S. O. Makarov, the chief of staff, rear Admiral M. P. Molas, artist
painter.V. Vereshchagin, most of the ranks of the staff and personnel of the
ship. With The Death Of. 0. Makarova was a heavy loss for Russian sailors.
There was no equivalent replacement. The 1st Pacific squadron was
blockaded in Port Arthur. In break Attempts Vladivostok ended in failure.
Only battleship "Tsarevich", three cruisers and several destroyers after a
fierce battle in the Yellow sea managed to overcome the ring of the enemy
blockade. The twentieth century, From the RussoJapanese war before the
revolution. The RussianJapanese war of 19041905 clearly showed that
the little ones torpedo boat turned Grozny dangers., the mighty armadillos.
This resulted in the appearance of mine cruisers and socalled counter
destroyers that is, ships specifically designed to search and destruction of
conventional destroyers. Russia's expansion in the far East forced its to
accept two new shipbuilding Programs1895 and 1898 "for the needs of the
Far East" in accordance with them on domestic and foreign shipyards to
the beginning of the RussianJapanese war managed to build a fleet of ten
battleships, eleven cruisers and other courts. These ships entered rank's,
composition of the 1st and 2nd Pacific squadrons. Tactical and technical
characteristics of the built ships, especially squadron battleships such as
"Borodino", were at the level of world standards of the time. The war in the
far East began on the night of January 27, 1904. treacherous attack of the
Japanese fleet on the Russian squadron on the RAID Port Arthur and the
ships that stood in Chemulpo. Battleship Tsesarevich", "Retvizan" and the
cruiser "Pallada" was knocked out, and cruiser "Varyag" and gunboat
"Korean" after a failed attempt on January 27, with the battle to break
through to Port Arthur returned to Chemulpo, where "Varyag" was flooded,
and "Korean" blown up to prevent capture ships of the enemy. In a difficult
hour, the commander of the Pacific fleet was appointed ViceAdmiral S. O.
Makarov, Fearless and energetic were actions arrived in the blocked
enemy Port Arthur. With each appearance of Japanese ships, the
commander led the squadron from the base to repel the enemy. March 31
at the next exit of the squadron flagship battleship "Petropavlovsk" was
blown up by a mine. There was an explosion of the bow cellar shells'. Shrouded in a cloud of smoke and fire, an Armadillo with roll to starboard
began to quickly sink his nose and a half or two
B 1867. member Sea the project of the marine battleship was
developed by the Committee unprecedented until then the displacement is
10 thousand ton Ship launched 1872, and to mark the 200th anniversary of
Peter's birth it was called *Peter the Great." This ship was the first in the
world parapettower battleship. Its main difference from the predecessors
consisted in the fact that both gun towers of the main caliber with rotary
mechanisms, smoke bases boiler fans steering cuttings been secure
powerful armored parapet the thickness of 356 mm. the total displacement
of the battleship was 10105 tons. length100.6 m, width 19.3, and sediment
up to 7.5 m. maximum speed of 14.3 gr (27 km/h). Deck armor had a
thickness of 76 mm two rotatable towers housed four . In addition to them,
the armament of "Peter the Great" included instruments. also two
underwater torpedo tube. The crew of the battleship was 440 people. On
his tactical and technical data "Peter the Great" became one of the the
strongest armadillos in the world. 1877 Baird's factory in St. Petersburg
was cocurrent to the water first world seaworthy destroyer "Explosion". B
further, until 1898, in our fleet continued construction of the socalled
numbered destroyers. They had a displacement of 90150 t, developed a
speed of 2025 knots (3746 km / h) and were armed with one fixed torpedo
tube In this battle, Russia lost 12 armored ships. four of which were taken
prisoner by the Japanese. This expected, but no one not I thought that the
defeat would be a ruthless defeat. Russian the Navy was destroyed. Defeat
reason battle and well known, kotya controversy continues to this day. we
can firmly say one thing: the Russian sailors, the officers did not
have these reasons is irrelevant, on the contrary, they attracted miracles of
heroism without ever leaving their military positions to their last breath.
After the RussoJapanese war, Russia is quite long could not begin
rebuilding your fleet. War and revolution 1905 1907 plunged the country
into deep economic and financial crisis. The government could not allocate
implementations However, on The Baltic sea has managed to form a
brigade of the ships of the line, consisting of two 2inkorov "Andrew" and "
Emperor Paul entered into operation after the war, and two former
squadrons battleships "crown Prince" and " Glory" Of survivors and
newlybuilt cruisers ( Rurik", "the Admiral Makarov", Bayan", "Pallada")
were formed two crews of cruisers , Shortly before the RussianJapanese
end of the war in Russia was created Special Committee to strengthen the Navy voluntary donations. The donation of these me appropriations for the
construction of a new fleet to the Ministry of the sea
managed to create in the Baltic fighting the core of ships of various classes,
which opposed the German fleet in the first months of the 1st world war By
the end of 1905, the Special Committee had largely completed its work on
construction of ships for the Baltic fleet and the remaining 2 million rubles.
decided to order Putilov factory last destroyer, which got the name "Novik".
In the Baltic fleet "New" entered in October 1913. Its creation and
construction of subsequent ships this type is one of the brightest pages in
the history of the Russian military shipbuildings. With a displacement of
1260 lines 98.0 m and a width of 9.3 m the power plant "novika" consisted
of three steam turbines and six water tube boilers. In the history Of the
Russian fleet it was the first turbine warship. With the power turbine 41910
L. E. seminar on the sea trials developed a speed of 37.3 knots (69.1
km/h), setting the world speed record for warships. Torpedo weapons
"Novika, artillery armament Good accuracy of the battle was provided
long gun barrels. The destroyer could take on Board 50 anchor min. none
of the latest German destroyers could not to compete with Novak. "New
items" and the subsequent ships of this series passed a glorious way,
showing enviable longevity. They withstood several major repairs and
upgrades. After the end of the Civil war "new items" along with other
combat ships became part of the Soviet Navy. In 1925. destroyers of this
type they were named after proletarian leaders. The "Novik" got the name
"Yakov Sverdlov". Since the beginning of the great Patriotic war in the fight
against the Nazi fleet entered and other Baltic veterans destroyers
"Lenin", " Karl Marx", "Engels", "Yakov Sverdlov, Kalinin, Volodarsky and
Artem. However, their fighting way to this time was short lived they all
died under the blows of the enemy aircraft or blown up on Nazi mines in the
first months of the war. Yakov Sverdlov " died on August 28, 1941, when
he was hit by a mine, transfer of warships and transports from Tallinn to
Kronstadt, Total during the war, 10 out of 17 Novikov were killed.
Destroyers " Nezamozhnik""Zheleznyakov", "Kuibyshev" and "Voikov" were
awarded the order of the Red Banner's. These ships, as well as destroyers
"Karl Liebknecht", " Uritsky "Stalin" continued and after the war bear
combat capabilities service, and then were in service as training ships until
the early 50s. No less remarkable retorna the creation of the first domestic linear shipsdreadnoughts "Sevastopol", "Petropavlovsk", "Gangut
""Poltava", which came into operation at the end of 1914. In their the
design and construction was attended by prominent Russian engineers
shipbuilders, including A. N. Krylov and I. G. Bubnov. In during the 1st
world war these powerful ships armed with twelve 305mm guns with a
range of 40 km, gave the Central mine artillery position high combat
resistance, which made the entrance into the The Gulf of Finland is almost
inaccessible to the German Navy. After October revolution and Civil war
three of them ("Sevastopol . "Petropavlovsk", "Ghantoot"), after renovation,
became part of the Soviet Navy under the names "Paris commune",
"Marat"and" October revolution". "Paris commune" (may 31, 1943.
"Sevastopol") took part in the defense of Sevastopol, and "Marat" (31 may
1943 re "Petropavlovsk ) and "October revolution" in defense of
Leningrad and lifting the blockade. As and "Novik", they have lived up to 50
years, became training ships for with the exception of the battleship
"Marat", which was received in 1941 heavy damage to the hull. Three
battleships of the same type are built for Black seas "Empress Maria",
"Empress Catherine The Great." "The Emperor Alexander's Accession to
commissioning ensure supremacy Russian Navy on the Black sea
throughout the war. Tragic situation. the fate of these ships. "Empress
Maria" exploded in Sevastopol Bay, "Empress Catherine the Great" ("Free
Russia") flooded personal composition in Novorossiysk, " Emperor
Alexander ("Will", "General Alekseev") hijacked Vrangel Bizerte. then on
Four light cruisers of Svetlana type for the Baltic sea and four light cruisers
Tina cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" in the Black sea, founded shortly before
the beginning of the 1st world war, remained unfinished and did not accept
participation in hostilities. Three of them "Profintern", then " Red Crimea"
("Svetlana"), " Chervona Ukraine "("Admiral Nakhimov") and " Red
Caucasus" ("Admiral Lazarev") came into operation in Soviet times and
took part in the great Patriotic war on the Black sea. "Chervona Ukraina"
was killed in 1941 in the Sevastopol Bay in the result hit enemy bombs.
The rest of the cruiser survived to the middle The 50s. years'. Battleships
type "Sevastopol" and "Imperatritsa Maria", light cruiser type "Svetlana"
and "Admiral Nakhimov", destroyers type "Novik", submarines type "bars"
were built in accordance with the Small and Large shipbuilding programs
adopted before the 1st world war war. Industrial growth in Russia on the
eve of the war. succeeding quite a long economic depression, the revival of rural farms, grain and other products export growth provided fast
replenishment of the state Treasury. This allowed the government to
allocate for the construction of the fleet huge sums up to 500 million
rubles in gold at a time. At least the degree of implementation of
shipbuilding programs depended on the activity The naval Ministry. 1911
1917. the post of the naval Ministry And the Admiral. K. Grigorovich, who
managed to reform it Department, and then to establish its clear work. It is
also permanently he maintained close contacts with the state Duma and
the State Duma. Council, on which depended the adoption of laws on loans
for construction fleets. Large military orders for the construction of ships
caused a rapid growth shipbuilding industry. In a short time were created
numerous private shipbuilding enterprises Putilovskaya. UstIzhora,
Multigranosa shipyard of RussianBaltic and revel shipbuilding plants,
shipbuilding trust "NazalRussud", shipyard "Noblessner", as well as
modernized stateowned shipbuilding plants. As a result, by the end of
1917. Russia has created a powerful fleet, which success opposed the
GermanTurkish naval forces at all naval theatres of war.
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
Краткая история на английском языке на тему: A brief history of the Russian fleet The development of navigation and the creation of the Russian fleet have a long history, which dates back more than three hundred years ago and is inextricably linked with the name of Peter the great
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