Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
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Целью данной работы являлось анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю.Лермонтова и Р. Бернса. Работа проходила в два этапа: изучение литературы на английском и русском языках, затем выделение фигур речи и троп в произведениях названных выше авторов. Исследование проводилось методами анализа, сравнения и обобщения. Данная работа актуальна и практически применима в педагогических целях.
Методическая разрабока.doc
Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений
М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса.
We use figures of speech in "figurative language" to add color and interest, and to
awaken the imagination. Figurative language is everywhere, from classical works
like Shakespeare or the Bible, to everyday speech, pop music and television
commercials. It makes the reader or listener use their imagination and understand
much more than the simple words. Figures of speech and tropes are important
elements of creative thinking. Studying the poems” The Clouds" by M.Lermontov
“A Red, Red Rose” by R.Burns, we can find a lot of figures of speech and tropes,
linguistic and stylistic devices. The authors are skillfully used them to create a
vivid image in our mind, make the descriptions of characters, events and
surrounding landscape more colorful and expressive, help to create a strong
impression on the readers.
Robert Burns is a representative of Scotland, much like whisky, haggis,
bagpipes and kilts. He lived a life shortened by rheumatic heart disease, 17591796,
but his life journey through poverty, informal education, disappointed love,
nationalism, and literary and financial success can be identified by all Scots and
common men the world over. He has become almost a national symbol of all
Scottish. His life is like a love story with a happy end.
Robert Burns, Scotland's national poet, was born on January 25, 1759 in
Scotland. His father, William Burns, was a poor farmer, there were seven children
in the family, and Robert was the eldest. His father knew the value of a good
education, and he tried to give his children the best education he could afford.
Robert was sent to school at the age of six, but as his father could not pay for the
two sons, Robert and his brother Gilbert attended school in turn. The boys helped
their father with his work in the fields. Soon the teacher left, and so Burns’ father
invited a young schoolteacher to teach the boys. When the teacher left, the poet's father taught the children himself. Reading and writing, arithmetic, English
grammar, history, literature, and Latin that was Robert Burns’ education.
Robert Burns wrote his first poem at age 15. The poem was called
“Handsome Nell” and was about his first love for a girl named Nellie Blair.
Throughout his life, Burns was a charming and witty man, attracting the attention
of numerous women. A dozen or more women can be identified as the inspiration
for various poems. Burns imagination and his ear gathered these inherited
comparisons and metaphors together, altered them, however slightly, purged them
of all vulgarity and created in the end of the loveliest lyrics of all time. It is
masterpiece of technique rather than of passion. It is by superb blending of various
units into one harmonious whole that the poem achieves its beauty. Robert's
mother knew many Scottish songs and ballads and often sang them to her son in
his childhood. His mother's friend Betty told Robert many fantastic tales about
devils, fairies and witches. Burns’ mother died in 1820. She lived long and enjoyed
the fame of her son. His favorite writers were Shakespeare, Smollett, Robert
Fergusson, a talented Scottish poet. Fergusson's tragic fate deeply touched Burns
that is why Burns devoted many verses to him. He composed verses to the
melodies of old folk songs, which he had admired from his early childhood. He
sang of the woods, fields and wonderful valleys of his native land. Robert Burns’
poems were very popular. He worked hard and destroyed his health. He died in
poverty at the age of thirty — seven in 1796. The poetry and songs of Robert
Burns are famous all over the world. Robert Burns’ poems and verses inspired
Beethoven, Schumann, Mendelssohn and other composers who wrote music to
them. Burns is a democratic poet.
They were the common Scottish people whom he had loved and for whom he had
written his poems and songs. The first Russian translation of Burns appeared in
1800, four years after the poet's death. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on 15 October 1814 in Moscow. He spent
his childhood in the village of Tarkhany, which was located in Penza Oblast.
Mikhail’s father, Yuri, was a technician. His mother Maria Arsenyeva died when
Mikhail was a child. Lermontov’s grandmother, Yelizaveta Alekseyevna, brought
him up after Maria’s death. At the age of ten, Mikhail had problems with health
and they moved to the Caucasus. The fertile climate of this region was good for
Mikhail. From that time, he loved the Caucasus.
Lermontov spent his childhood in the intellectual atmosphere and he became
interested in English literature. He studied Byron’s poetry. When Mikhail was a
child, a Frenchman named Gendrot taught him. However, Yelizaveta Alekseyevna
decided that additional education was necessary for her grandson and took him to
Moscow where the young poet entered the gymnasium. While there, Lermontov
developed a passion for the poetry of Zhukovsky and Pushkin. At the same time,
the young poet developed a talent for sarcastic humor. Moreover, he could draw
caricatures and pin somebody down with an epigram or nickname. In 1830 after
studying at gymnasium, Mikhail entered Moscow University. After studying for
two years at the university, Lermontov decided to change his career. Between 1830
and 1834, Lermontov attended the cadet school. In those years, he started writing
poetry. He became interested in Russian history and medieval epics.
Mikhail Lermontov is one of the leading Russian Romantic poets and author of
many famous novels and poems, which had a profound influence on later Russian
writers, and an exponent of the best traditions of Russian literature. His youthful
lyric poetry is filled with a passionate craving for freedom and contains calls to
battle, agonizing reflections on how to apply his strength to his life's work, and
dreams of heroic deeds. Civic and philosophical themes as well as subjective,
deeply personal motifs were closely interwoven in Lermontov's poetry. He
introduced the intonations of "iron verse," into Russian poetry, noted for its heroic sound and its energy of intellectual expression. His enthusiasm for the future
responded to the spiritual needs of Russian society. Lermontov's legacy has found
varied interpretations in the works of Russian artists, composers, and theatrical and
cinematic figures. His dramatic compositions have played a considerable role in
the development of theatrical art, and his life has served as material for many
novels, poems, plays, and films.
In “A Red, red Rose” traditional similes and comparisons perform a serious
function. The rose, the melody, drying seas, melting rocks and sands are symbolic.
At the same time reader feels that they are not merely physical objects of the
ordinary kind, but draw their evocative power from all the roses that someday the
seas will evaporate and the earth be consumed in the some enormous conflagration.
We can speak of these images only if we are willing to define them as the
concentrated experiences and feelings of many generations, organized by language
and handed down and it is from socially emotional patterns of this sort that burns
poem derives its particular beauty. The color red is an unoriginal portrait of lave
and passion; however you will find the author expressing his love with great
conviction. The repetition of the color “Red” represents the fullest and most lovely
image of the rose in its ideal state. The poet speaks of love as “Newly Sprung”
which also exists in its pure and perfect form. Robert Burn’s beautiful poem is
contrary. Its expression of love, however does not try to stir up deep feelings of
passion. It instead reminds us of the author’s feelings which sound more
theoretical than real. i.e.: the first Stanza “Love” is said twice as a pronoun as
describes the person, which the author has in mind.“A Red, Red Rose” begins with
a quatrain containing two similes. Burns compares his love with a springtime
blooming rose and then with a sweet melody.
O my love's like a red, red rose.
That's newly sprung in June; O my love's like a melody
That's sweetly played in tune.
The second and third stanzas in “A red, red rose” become complex, ending with
the metaphor of “the sands of life”, or hourglass. On the one hand, we are given
the image of his love lasting until the seas run dry and the rocks melt with the
sun, wonderfully poetic images. On the other hand, Burns reminds us of the
passage of time and the changes that result. That recalls the first stanza and its
image of a red rose, newly sprung in June, that we know from experience will
change and decay with time. These are complex and competing images, typical of
the more mature Robert Burns.
Till all the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt with the sun:
I will love you still, my Dear,
While the sands of 'life shall run
The theme of the work "Clouds" by Mikhail Lermontov is the eternal theme
of freedom and captivity.
The subject of the poem is vividly reflected in the next several key words and
phrases: "изгнанники" "кто вас гонит", "вечно свободные", "родина".
The main idea is the desire for freedom and free life at home, the desire to be
free not only externally, but also internally, spiritually. The main lexical layer in
the poem are the words of the semantic group: "изгнанники," "судьба", "вечно
свободные", "нет у вас родины", "нет вам изгнания ".
From the morphological point of view, the poem “Clouds” is interesting
because it is widely used personal pronoun "вы" in different forms вы, вас, вам, на вас, у вас. These pronouns stress treatment, the internal conversation of the
poet with the clouds.
Alliteration carries some special emotional meaning. Repetition of the sound
of "c" in the words "небесные", «странники," степью," "мчитесь", "с милого
севера," "судьба," "зависть," "преступление," "наскучили" "бесплодные," "
страсти "" страдания, "" свободные " is not soft, but some a cool sound
Therefore, the poem turns hissing from beginning to end. This sound conveys not
only the whistling of the wind, which drives the clouds, but the mental state of the
lyric hero.
Contextual antonyms "изгнанники" and "вечно свободные" also help to
understand the main idea of the poem. If at the beginning of the first stanza the
poet describes the clouds, by comparing them with each other, "изгнанники",
"вечные странники", in the third stanza he rejects this idea. In contrast to the
lyrical clouds "чужды страдания” и “чужды страсти", they are free in their
movement. It is opposed not only words but also lyrical clouds. In nature,
everything is harmonious, but men are not free in their actions and desires. Its
lyrical hero is an outcast. The clouds have no their own homeland, so they do not
care where they are being driven by the wind.
Along with the vocabulary of the subject, Lermontov uses such means of
artistic expression, as a comparison, "как я же изгнанники," epithets "степь
лазурная," "сторона южная ", "милый север", a personification "вечные
странники" that help to understand the sadness of the lyric hero, because he was
separated from his home and at the same time a feeling of tender love for his
homeland.
The talented poet uses the syntax to express his thoughts and feelings. From
the syntactical expressive means, Lermontov makes extensive use of inversion to identify with those words that are relevant to the poet. (“мчитесь вы”;”как я же
изгнанники”)
The poem begins immediately with the rhetorical appeal to the clouds. In the
first stanza, the poet draws our attention to the main image of the poem. A
rhetorical question contains in the second stanza. Thanks to these techniques, we
can see personification of clouds: they appear as a living companion. (“вечные
странники”, “изгнанники”)
Repetition of the words «чужды», «вечно», «нет» in the third stanza,
strengthens tension in the hero's soul. The clouds do not look like him; they are
free forever "вечно свободные".
We use figures of speech in "figurative language" to add color and interest,
and to awaken the imagination. Figurative language is everywhere, from classical
works like Shakespeare or the Bible, to everyday speech, pop music and television
commercials. It makes the reader or listener use their imagination and understand
much more than the plain words. Figures of speech and tropes are important
elements of creative thinking. Writers and poets use it to apply a particular artistic
expression in prose and verse.
Pupils of secondary schools and students of philological, foreign faculties can use
this work on special courses and extra sections. Literature
1. The Oxford Book of English Verse, Arthur QuillerCouch.
2. В.П. Москвин: Выразительные средства современной русской речи. Тропы и
фигуры. Терминологический словарь, Москва, Феникс.2007.
3.Хрестоматия для студентов филологических факультетов. / Автор
составитель Н. Д. Тамарченко. М.: РГГУ, 1999
4. Интернетресурсы.
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
Методическая разработка "Анализ лингвистических и стилистических особенностей произведений М.Ю. Лермонтова и Р. Бернса"
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