План-конспект урока " Environment "

Развернутый план - конспект урока английского языка в 8 классе Our Planet Precious Тема: Environment. Цель: формировать целостное представление о проблемах экологии и возможных путях их решения. Задачи: Практические: активизировать лексику по теме “Environment”, формировать лексико-грамматические навыки (словообразование), практиковать учащихся в чтении и аудировании, совершенствовать навыки монологической и диалогической речи учащихся. Образовательные: расширять общий кругозор учащихся , стимулировать коммуникативно-познавательную деятельность учащихся. Воспитательные: формировать ответственное отношение к окружающей среде, воспитывать правильное экологическое поведение, прививать чувство любви и бережного отношения к природе, воспитывать коммуникативную иноязычную культуру. Развивающие: развивать активность, способность к анализу, обобщению и формированию собственных выводов, навыки логического и последовательного оформления своих мыслей на английском языке, зрительную, долговременную и оперативную память, языковую догадку. Оснащение урока: компьютер, мультимедийный проектор, экран, слайды, раздаточный дидактический материал, компьютерные презентации проектов учащихся. Ход урока I. Начало урока 1. Оргмомент. Приветствие. Сообщение темы и целей урока. Teacher: Good morning, boys and girls! I am glad to see you. I hope you are ready to work hard and enthusiastically. Today we have our lesson on the topic ”Let’s Protect Our Precious Planet”. It’s a wonderful world we live in. It is our Earth. For thousands of years the Earth has given support to all forms of life – human beings, animals, birds, fish, insects and plants. But now people all over the world think about our planet. They think about air, water, plants and animals on the Earth. They say our planet is in danger. We have very serious environmental problems on our Earth. Who can say what these problems are? P1: One of the problems is air pollution. P2: I think the next global problem is water pollution. P3: A lot of animals, birds and plants are disappearing now. To my mind it’s a very serious problem. P4: Another problem is overpopulation. Nowadays there are too many people on the Earth, so the pollution of it becomes higher and higher. P5: And we have also such a problem as destruction of natural recourses. For example, every year more and more trees are cut down. T: You are quite right. At this lesson we are going to discuss these global environmental problems as air and water pollution, endangered animals and plants, and secondly we will try to answer the question: “What can we do to protect our environment and to save our planet?” During the lesson you’ll: • discuss some questions on the topic; • get some new information; • work in groups; • do some tasks; • do the projects; • express your ideas on the topic; • listen to the song. Motivation After the lesson you’ll be able to • speak about different environmental problems and the ways of their solving; • know what we can do to save our planet ; • understand how it is important to live in harmony with nature; • do everything you can to avoid the pollution on the local and global levels. Warming up QUOTATIONS ABOUT ENVIRONMENT “Only when the last tree has died and the last river been poisoned and the last fish been caught will we realize we cannot eat money”. Indian Proverb “If every person swept their own doorstep, the whole world would be clean”. Mother Teresa “To protect nature means to protect our Motherland” Michail Prishvin Let’s have the following words as the slogan of our lesson: “The environment is not as “cheap as chips” , it is priceless and we all have a part to play in protecting it”. II. Основная часть урока 1. Активизация лексики по теме “ ENVIRONMENT ” Vocabulary Practice 1)T. The problem of the planet destruction is urgent! The relationships between Man and Nature are complicated. According to his attitude to nature a man can be a Creator and a Destroyer. It is important to find a balance between people and Nature. Let’s remember the words which can help us. Global warming, killing animals, plant trees, T. nuclear, pollution, poison, nature parks, air pollution, rubbish, put filters, acid rains, ozone layer, create zoos, noise pollution, love nature, overpopulation, reduce pollution, feed animals, recycling, cut down trees, water pollution, radiation, use solar and wind, energy, save resources, re-use water. Group work T. Let’s work in groups. We divide into three groups. Each group gets a set of “ecological words”. You should find the words which belong to the section “Man, the creator” and choose the words which des- cribe “Man, the destroyer”. Man and Nature . .. Man, the Creator Man, the Destroyer Use the words you choose to complete the chart. 2)Match the words with their definitions: 3)1. a) A gas in the atmosphere. The gas that Ecology we breathe out. 2. Environment b) The Earth is becoming warmer because there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 3. Flora c) The study of living creatures and plants in their surroundings. 4. Fauna d) This is the atmosphere between 10 km and 60 km above the Earth. The ozone stops a lot of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. 5. Habitat е) When the land, sea or air becomes dirty or poisonous. 6. Pollution f) Part of sunlight. 7. Carbon dioxide 8. Greenhouse effect 9. Ozone layer 10. Ultraviolet radiation g) The natural living place of an animal or plant. h) Rain containing acid. i) It means simply what is around us. j) All the plants that grow in a region. 11. Acid rain k) The animals of a region. 3)Fill in the gaps with words derived from the words in brackets. There are many problems which (1)_______ (threat) our natural environment. Acid rain, (2)_______ (globe) warming and air and water (3)________ (pollute) are among the most serious ones. There are several ways to help improve the situation. Firstly, we should encourage (4)_______ (recycle) because it is the (5) _______ (produce) of new materials which causes the most damage. We must learn to reuse things like plastic bags and glass jars. Secondly, driving an environmentally-friendly car is also (6)_______ (help). Furthermore, joining an (7)_______ (organize) which plants trees or cleans up beaches would be a (8)_______ (prove) that you are really (9)_______ (concern) about the environment. Lastly, supporting groups such as Greenpeace, which try to prevent many (10)_______ (environment) disasters, would help to ensure that our planet will be clean and safe for the future generations. 2.Развитие навыков поискового чтения GROUP I The task is to look through, to find and read out: a) polluters; b) problems they cause; c) possible solutions.  CARS The biggest polluter today is the car. Exhaust fumes are the main cause of bad air quality, which can make people feel ill and have difficulty breathing. This problem is especially bad in some cities where on days when there is not much wind, a brown layer of smog hangs in the air. The number of cars is increasing every year, and this causes serious congestion. Governments then build new roads to try to improve the situation, but this means that they cut down trees and destroy more of the countryside. One of the main problems with cars is that they cause a lot of pollution and often carry only one person. Public transport is more environmentally friendly because buses and trains can carry large numbers of people at the same time. Car pools are another way of reducing the number of cars on the roads. Even cleaner solutions are electric cars and bicycles. GROUP II The task is to look through, to find and read out: a) polluters; b) problems they cause; c) possible solutions.  PLANTS AND FACTORIES Pollution is damage to the air, seas, oceans, rivers or land caused by chemicals, toxic waste and harmful gases, as a result — acid rain, holes in the ozone layer. Acid rain is rain that is harmful to the environment because it contains acid from factory smoke. Acid rain causes damage to trees, rivers and buildings. The ozone layer is a layer of gases that protects us from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, which can have a harmful effect on animals and causes skin cancer in humans. The ozone layer is being damaged by chemicals, especially CFCs, and when holes appear in the ozone layer, harmful light from the Sun reaches the Earth. We can help the environment by recycling or choosing to buy green products. Recycling is when you use something again instead of throwing it away. Glass, cans, paper and plastic can be recycled. Examples of green products are recycled paper, wood from sustainable sources, and organic fruit and vegetables. Group III The task is to look through, to find and read out: a) polluters; b) problems they cause; c) possible solutions.  POWER STATIONS The greenhouse effect is caused by harmful gases known as greenhouse gases. These gases are produced when we burn fuels, especially coal burned in power stations to make electricity.  These gases go up into the Earth’s atmosphere and stop heat from leaving the Earth. Because the heat cannot escape, the Earth is getting warmer. This is known as global warming. Global warming may cause the ice at the North Pole and South Pole to melt and seas levels to rise, leading to serious flooding in many parts of the world. In other places temperatures will rise and there will be less rain, turning more of the land into desert. Renewable energy sources such as wind power, wave power and solar power do not pollute the environment. They are much cleaner than oil and coal. 4) Развитие навыков чтения с целью точного понимания информации в тексте GLOBAL WARMING Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–G the one which best fits each gap 1–6. There is one extra sentence you don’t need to use. As long ago as the 1960s Professor Bert Bolin predicted “global warming”, caused by an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, would lead to significant changes in the Earth’s climate. 1 __________ But most experts now agree that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double from 0.03% to 0.06% in the next 50 years and that temperatures worldwide will rise by 2° Celsius. Although a temperature rise of 2° may not seem significant, the local effect may be much greater: by 2025 a rise of 10° is possible in polar regions and 4° in Northern Europe. Indeed the first effects will be felt by the end of the century-perhaps they are already being felt... But how does the greenhouse effect operate and why should such a tiny proportion of CO2 have such a harmful effect? When living creatures breathe out and when things are burned, CO2 enters the atmosphere. 2 __________But the balance of nature has been disturbed. In power stations, in factories and in cars, we are burning more and more fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Eighteen billion tons of CO2 enter the atmosphere every year. And the destruction of forests means that there are fewer trees to convert the CO2 into oxygen. 3 __________ As sunlight enters the atmosphere, the surface of the earth is warmed. Some of this heat escapes back into space, but the rest is trapped by CO2, which acts rather like the glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunshine and heat to pass in but not out again. 4 __________ As the temperature rises, the amount of water vapour in the air will increase and this, too, will absorb more of the Earth’s heat. The oceans, too, will become warmer and store more heat, so that they increase the warming effect. According to some scientists, the polar icecaps will start to melt and the oceans will expand as more snow and ice melts. Because the exposed ground, formerly covered in snow, won’t reflect the heat so well it will absorb more sunlight and this will lead to even more snow melting. Scientists predict that the level of the sea will have risen by 1/2 to 112 metres by 2050. This will affect many low-lying areas of the world – millions of people today live less than one metre above sea level. 5 __________ For Northern Europeans, the extra warmth may be welcome – but there is also likely to be increased rainfall. But many areas may suffer: the southern states of the USA can expect hotter summers and less rainfall, leading to worse conditions for agriculture, and the Mediterranean region may well be much drier and hotter than now. Many experts believe that the Greenhouse Effect will bring significant changes to the Earth’s climate, though they don’t all agree how long this will take, or what form it will take. 6 __________ A) Until recently all of this was adsorbed by trees and plants which converted it back into oxygen. B) So the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing all the time. C) Some areas may actually benefit: the higher temperatures may allow a longer growing season for example. D) At the time his predictions were regarded as science fiction. E) But it certainly looks as if the inhabitants of this planet will have to get used to living in the warmer world. F) Consequently, the temperature rises. G) Surprisingly, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has continued to fall. 5) Работа в группах. Защита проектов. Развитие навыков монологической и диалогической речи учащихся. TEACHER. Now I want you to take part in the contest. Imagine that you are some Green organization activists. You should design T-shirts telling people about ecological problems of the day. Work in groups. You have 5 minutes. Are you ready? Now come out to the blackboard. Show us your T-shirt and tell what environmental problem did you want to attract our attention to? PUPIL 1. Our organization is called “Golden Drop”. On our T-shirt you can see a drop of pure water. We suggest the following solution to the problem of water shortage: To save bathwater and dishwater. Not to let water run while shaving and washing. PUPIL 2. Our organization is called “Protect wildlife”. You can see a macaw on our T-shirt. This parrot is an endangered species. We suggest the following solution to this problem: Establish more wildlife reserves. Impose heavy fines and even prison sentences for illegal hunting and fishing. PUPIL 3. We are the activists of the organization “Crystal Clear Air”. On this T-shirt you can see a man in a mask as it is difficult and harmful to breathe polluted air. We should stop contaminate air with poisonous gases/ The pollution of air is a sign of ecological crises. T.: We’ve discussed a lot of problems, done a lot of exercises. And now I think our groups are ready to tell us about different problems. We have three ecological groups in our class. They are: -AIR POLLUTION -WATER POLLUTION -PROTECTION OF ANIMALS PRESENTATION +QUESTIONS FROM ANOTHER GROUPS ON THE PROBLEM+ SOLUTIONS Discussion on “Air Pollution” QUESTION 1: What is air for a human being? Answer 1:  Without food human can live for 3 days.  Without water a human can live for 1 day.  Without air (even with food and water ) a human can live for 1 minute. So, air is essential for us! QUESTION 2: What harm do factories do for air? Answer 2: Air pollution is a very serious problem. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains. Question 3: What are the effects on the quality of air we breathe from the cars and other means of transport? Answer 3: Cars create more pollution than anything else in the world. Carbon dioxide from cars is making a hole in the ozone layer which protects the Eareth. Harmful gases from cars cause headaches and cancer, bronchitis and other lung diseases. They also cause acid rain which kills trees, rivers and lakes. Question 4: What should we do to have our air clean? P1: I think to make air clean we need good filters at power stations, factories and plants and also in cars and buses. P2: To my mind, we can walk or use a bicycle instead of going by car. P3 :Personally I think, we should clear rubbish from lakes and rivers. P4: Factories and plants must be forbidden to pour their waste into rivers, lakes and oceans. Discussion on “Water Pollution” Question 1: Why water is essential for human body? Answer 1: It’s not a secrec to everybody that a human body is 70 per cent water. Every system in our body uses water. Water makes up 83 per cent of our blood. Water keeps our temperature stable. Question 2: What would we do, if there weren’t any water on Earth? Answer 2.1: I can say with sure that there wouldn’t be any trees, or animals, or humans. All living things need water to live. Next to the air we breathe, water is our most important need. Without water the Earth would look like the Moon. Answer 2.2: I’d like to add that human beings can live several weeks without food, but only a few days without water. Each day we must take in at least 8 glasses of water. So we need clean drinking water to continue our lives. Answer 2.3: It goes without saying that “A drop of water is worth more than a sack of gold to a thirsty man”. Question 3: What are the potential threats to our water supply? Answer 3.1: The potential threats from nature are: bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms and, of course, nitrates and nitrites from the breakdown of organic wastes. Answer 3.2: The potential threats from society are: 1)chemicals both legally and illegally discharged from industrial and other processes, 2) runoff from city streets, 30 runoff of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, 4) improper use and disposal of household wastes such as oil, cleaning products and garden chemicals. Question 4: What can you do to save water? Answer 4: First of all, we should use water only when we need it. Always turn it off when you stop washing. Never throw chemicals into the ground. Be careful to water the plants, not the sidewalks. Check faucets for leaks and stop wasting water. Discussion on “Protection of Animals” T.: Well, we have learnt about several animals which are almost extinct. Can you add something? P1: I want to add that as for the other animals the situation is the same: 8 big cats are killed to make 1 fur coat. P2: Only several hundred of rhinos are left in Asia and about 3 million kangaroos are hunted every year. P3: Over 400 300 dolphins and 30 sea turtles are poisoned by water pollution every day. 000 monkeys are caught every year and about There are a lot of animal idioms in English. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND TRY TO EXPLAIN THE IDIOMS: I felt like a fish out of water during my first term at university. He is such an eager beaver he even works at the weekends. He is a wolf in sheep’s clothing although he looks harmless. I’m sure Bob wasn’t really upset, those were just crocodile tears. Peter has done most of the work, so he should get the lion’s share of the money. My hope of becoming a professional gymnast is now as dead as a dodo. T: It was very interesting to listen to all of you. You have done very informative projects. Thank you very much. You are tired a bit, aren’t you? Why not relax a little? I hope you’ll enjoy listening to wonderful music 6) Аудирование. Музыкальная пауза. Many people in the world try to do as much as possible to save our planet. One of such persons was world famous American pop-singer Michael Jackson. Listen to “Earth Song” devoted to the global environmental problems written by him. I’ll give you worksheets with lyrics of this song. But there are gaps in them. While listening you have to write down missed words. Try to understand what this song is about. (Pupils listen to the first part of the song, fill in the gaps. Then they check up their answers on the screen.) Listen to the song by Michael Jackson and fill in the gaps EARTH SONG What about1_______, What about 2_______ What about all the 3________ That you said we were to gain... What about 4__________fields, Is there a 5________ What about all the things That you said was yours and mine... Did you ever 6_______to notice All the 7_________we’ve shed before Did you ever stop to notice The 8___________Earth, the weeping shores? What environmental problems have you seen in the video clip? 1) Deforestation as a result of cutting and forest fires; 2) Killing animals by poachers; 3) Wars; 4) Industrial pollutions. III.Конец урока 1. Подведение итогов урока SUMMARY Let’s see if we have gained our aims. (Slide)  Can you speak about different environmental problems and the ways of their solving?  Do you know what we can do to save our planet?  Do you understand now how it is important to live in harmony with nature?  Will you do everything you can to avoid the pollution on the local and global levels? 2. Оценивание деятельности учащихся EVALUATION SHEETS 3. Рефлексия Today we have tried to summarize our knowledge on the topic “Environmental Problems” and to find out some ways how to save our precious planet Earth. Summing it up I want you to stick the leaves to the green tree with green rules of saving the Earth. You are welcome. 1. The world is our home and we want to see it clean and beautiful. 2. Clean air and healthy life everywhere. 3. Be creative! Look for opportunities to reduce 4. Make sure your water faucets are turned off when you are not using them! 5. We should think about all these ecological problems if we want to survive! 6. We all must work together to make our planet a safe and beautiful place to live! 7. Open national parks for animals, birds, trees and trash! plants. 8. We should build purification plants. 9. People started pollution. People can stop it. We must live in harmony with nature. 10. Hunting rare animals must be forbidden. 11. 12. Don’t wash your cars near the rivers or ponds. Don’t leave litter in the forest. 13. 14. Don’t make fires in the forests. 15. Turn off the light when you leave the room. Don’t kill animals. 16. 17. Pick up litter. 18. Don’t destroy nature. Во время песни учащиеся подходят к рисунку дерева и прикрепляют к нему (скотчем или английскими булавками) небольшие листики с правилами защиты окружающей среды. Conclusion (Slide ) Thank you for your work today. Good job! I think our lesson was useful for you. I want you to remember everything we have talked about because it is our duty to do everything for our planet, to save it for our children. I want you remember the wise advice of a great English writer John Galsworthy who said: “IF YOU DON’T THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE YOU WILL NOT HAVE IT”. Let’s save our fragile planet. Приложение Air Pollution Our project is devoted to air pollution. The problem of air pollution has grown worldwide. People and animals need clean air with plenty of oxygen in it. More and more factories and plants, cars and trucks, planes keep polluting the air. We all demand the right to mobility, but cars spoil the countryside, bring noise and air pollution to thousands of homes and millions of people. They damage the ozone layer that covers the Earth. This layer of gas protects us from dangerous rays of the sun. There are now holes in the ozone layer because there are too many gases in the air. The air pollution also causes the greenhouse effect and acid rains. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut down and burnt in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. Asthma and cancer are only few causes of air pollution. The air is unsuitable for breathing. No air for 1 minute is equal to DEATH. Pollution worries many people. They even foresee that one day we’ll have to pay for clean air just like we do now for clean water. Remember! Clean air is a precious resource! It is up to us to look after our planet and try to make it a better place to live! Water pollution Our project is about water pollution. Water is important to everyone. Man cannot exist without water. The planet Earth is mostly water. Oceans cover the biggest part of it. There are lakes, rivers, streams and underground water. Water can be polluted with human and chemical wastes. We feel sad when we see these pictures. People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the environment. Our oceans, seas, rivers and lakes are in danger. There is no ocean or sea in the world, which is not used as a dump. The results of our influence on the environment are awful. Factories pour their waste into the rivers. So, they poison water. Rivers and lakes are polluted with garbage or poisonous chemicals which are dumped right into them. This poison kills fish and sea animals. There is not enough oxygen in the water. Fish and reptiles can’t live in this water. If people drink this dirty water they can die too. If you really like to swim, don’t pollute the nearest stream!!! We need to save our water, to keep it clean and healthy. Water shortage in the near future is guaranteed. So, we should rationally exploit water resources. We should remember that everyone can do something to solve this environmental problem. If you want the life be cool, Like a full of colour picture, Don’t forget one golden rule: Be careful with nature!!! Protection of Animals Our project is connected with the animals which need our protection. Many animals are disappearing nowadays. Precious species of animals are on the brink of survival. There are some kinds of animals whose disappearance will remain traceless. Animal World on our planet is very diverse, but even the extinction of one species is always a tragedy. Every kind of living organism is unique and unrepeatable. The following precious animals in our presentation are standing on the brink of destruction. Giant panda is among the endangered animals, with an ever- decreasing size of population and low birthrate, both in the wild and in captivity. Giant panda only exists in severely fragmented subpopulations consisting of up to 250 mature adults. Scientists suggest that in the wild there are about 1600 species. There are about 5 or 6 tiger subspecies remaining in existence: ALL ARE ENDANGERED. All tiger subspecies put together currently amount to around 3,200 endangered tigers remaining in the wild. The main reason tigers are endangered – in most cases – is illegal hunting for their pelts, meat and body parts which are used in folk medicine. Another reason is habitat loss that results from logging and other forms of forest destruction. Asian elephants have now been considered endangered species since 1986 and their population has decreased by at least 50 per cent. Fragmentation, deforestation, hunting and increasing human population are destroying the elephants’ habitat and decreasing the space available for them to live. Blue whales are the largest mammal species to have ever existed on Earth. Aggressive hunting drove them to the brink of extinction. The blue whale is killed for the tremendous quantities of oil and meat. Now it is an endangered species because of pollution, over- hunting and global warming. Polar bear is the first animal to become endangered because of global warming. No one really knows how many polar bears there are because they are hard to count and at times hard to find. Because of ongoing and potential loss of their sea-ice habitat resulting from climate change, polar bears are threatened species. Once Mahatma Gandhi said: ”The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way animals are treated”. So, let’s help these rare animals to survive. Let’s help them so they can help us in return.