Power point presentation

OLD ENGLISH
Grimm's law
Verner's law

ARMSPUIntroduction of foreign languages

Old English or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English Language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons. 

OLD ENGLISH

Old English

Old English

Old English

Old English

Old English

Influence of other languages:

Dialects

The inventory of classical Old English (i.e. Late West Saxon) surface phones, as usually reconstructed, is as follows.

Phonology

The default word order was verb-second and more like modern German than modern English.

There was no do-support in questions and negatives.

Multiple negatives could stack up in a sentence, and intensified each other (negative concord)

Syntax 1 (similar in many ways to that of modern English)

The wh-type conjunctions were used only as interrogative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. (e.g. "When I got home, I ate dinner")

Similarly, wh- forms were not used as relative pronouns (as in "the man who saw me" or "the car that I bought

Syntax 2

Old English was first written in runes (futhorc) but shifted to a (minuscule) half-uncial script of the Latin alphabet introduced by Irish Christian missionaries from around the 9th century.

The letter ðæt ⟨ð⟩ (called eth or edh in modern English) was an alteration of Latin ⟨d⟩, and the runic letters thorn ⟨þ⟩ and wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ are borrowings from futhorc.

Orthography

Then it was replaced by insular script. This was used until the end of the 12th century when continental Carolingian minuscule replaced the insular.

Orthography 2

Old English Literature

Grimm's law( First Germanic Sound Shift or the Rask's-Grimm's rule),

Grimm's law consists of three parts

The chain shift can be abstractly represented as:

Notice!

VERNER's LAW

The following table illustrates the sound changes according to Verner

Recently the thesis that Verner's Law might have been valid before Grimm's Law – maybe long before it – has been finding more and more acceptance.


Verner’s Law Grimm’s Law

Accordingly this order now would have to be assumed:

Here is a table with an alternative view of Verner's Law, occurring before the shift of Grimm's Law.

Thank You
Ic þē þancie