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The Judicial System of the USA.pptx
The Judicial System of the USA
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the US and it meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the USA and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the passage of any progressive bills.
How Much Power does the US President Have
Within the executive branch, the POTUS (our acronym for "President of the United States") is effectively dictator (albeit a benevolent one). As long as he operates within the confines of the law, he can direct any executive agency to do anything he desires. Typically presidents are aware of their limited tenure and the Congress's ability to remove him (as yet, only "him", but one day a "her"), so they don't abuse the power overly. But it's there for them to use.
• Building on the previous point, The President is "Commander in Chief" of military and can direct it as he sees fit. Congress can de-fund his project, but as Teddy Roosevelt discovered, Congress is loath to leave their soldiers and sailors stranded halfway around the world. Because he is commander in chief of the military, he is effectively the absolute authority on mili tary policy, including all the massive number of bases and members around the world.
He is the head of state (meaning he is the figurehead of the nation of people called "the United States of America") and he is the head of government (meaning he is the political head of the apparatus of government of the United States of America). In many countries these positions are split into their two parts, but in the USA they are joined, giving the president a significantly higher level of authority than that seen in other wo The president has the ability to veto any bill that the Congress sends to him. Unless they have 2/3 votes within both houses (which, let's face it, they rarely do), it is effectively dead.rld leaders.
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The president is the de facto leader of the free world. As much as other countries hate this fact, inevitably they turn to the US for permission and guidance when engaging in any number of activities. Take a look at Libya for example. The French and British attempted to coordinate and bomb Libya RIGHT IN THEIR OWN BACK YARDS, but couldn't accomplish this without American support and aid.
The president appoints numerous powerful positions like the cabinet secretaries, ambassadors and directors of semi-autonomous agencies .He also appoints the chairman of the Federal Reserve bank . Lastly, he appoints judges to the various courts and justices to the Supreme Court, the ramifications of which are not to be underestimated since the Supreme Court holds the power to decide and interpret all laws within the USA. All of these appointments must be confirmed by the Senate, but despite what you've heard, the president enjoys great latitude in choosing who he likes and his pick is typically approved.
The president has the ability to veto any bill that the Congress sends to him. Unless they have 2/3 votes within both houses (which, let's face it, they rarely do), it is effectively dead.
The Problem of Violence
The latest statistical data says that violent crime is rising constantly in the USA. Even staying at home isn't a guarantee for safety. Violence has become an accepted way of life in America. There are different explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is the possibility to buy any kind of weapons at gun shops everywhere in the US. The weapon is being bought not only by criminals but by law-abiding citizens too to protect themselves.
The growth of using drugs is one more reason. To buy drugs teenagers need money, so they try to get it by robbing, committing burglary or even murdering people. Another reason is the propaganda of violence by mass media and especially television and films. Watching TV you are being fed with all kinds of killings, beatings, gunfights and so on. Even the special programs for children are full of scenes of violence. And it's not surprising that juvenile crime record is constantly growing.
The Problem of Human Rights
The evolution at the national and international level has resulted in a modern concept of human rights. Human rights must today be understood as those rights which are contained in the international instruments: the Universal Declaration and the International Covenants, as well as the regional human rights conventions.
The notion of human rights is intimately linked to the notion of "State". Only in the context of an organised society with organs of authority does the notion of human rights make sense. The concept refers to the relationship between the individual and the State: the freedoms the individuals should enjoy, their right to legal justice, their rights to political participation, and their claims on the State in terms of satisfaction of basic needs and an adequate standard of living.
The Constitutional Protection of human Rights
Together with the expansive process of human rights constitutional declarations, in addition to the writ of habeas corpus and of habeas data, Latin American constitutions created a specific judicial remedy for the protection of constitutional rights, known as the suit, action, recourse, or writ of amparo. After spreading throughout Latin America, it was incorporated in the American Convention of Human Rights. It is similar to the 'injunctions' and the other equitable remedies of the United States legal system. This book examines, with a comparative constitutional law approach, the most recent trends in the constitutional and legal regulations in all Latin American countries regarding the amparo proceeding. It is an up-to-date abridged version of the course of lectures the author gave at the Columbia Law School analyzing the regulations of the seventeen amparo statutes in force in Latin America, as well as the regulation on the amparo guarantee established in Article 25 of the American Convention on Human Rights.
The System of Elections in Russia and the USA
In November voters in each state give their votes for candidates. Before voting in November every citizen must register in accordance with the laws of his state. This gives him the right of participating in "primaries"2. The US constitution guarantees every citizen the right to vote but the states with the help of numerous qualifications deprive a lot of people of this right. The national presidential elections really consist of two separate campaigns: one is for the nomination of candidates at national party conventions3. The other is to win the actual election. The nominating race is a competition between members of the same party. They run in a succession of state primaries and caucuses4. The party convention then votes to select the party's official candidate for the presidency.
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