Урок-проект Теория вероятности в английском языке"

 

Урок - проект в 11 классе, интегрированный с математикой                                   

 

Тема урока:    The Probability theory in English Grammar.

 

                           Теория вероятности в английской грамматике.

 

Практическая цель: систематизация изученного материала, совершенствование навыков владения языком;

Образовательная цель: приобщение учащихся к культуре страны изучаемого языка путем усвоения особенностей граматики;

Развивающая цель:развитие речевых навыков в процессе иноязычного общения, активизация знаний образования будущего времени, употребления модальных глаголов и условных предложений;

Воспитательная цель: воспитание уважения к культуре и традициям  Великобритании;

Оборудование: видеоклипы песен, мультимедийная доска, дополнительный раздаточный материал в виде карточек, текстов и таблиц.

 

                                                           Ход урока.

 

І.Greeting. Организация класса. Приветствие, беседа с дежурным.

 

Good morning, dear children and guests! The topic of our today’s lesson is probability theory in English grammar. We’ll try to show how it can be revealed with the help of conditional sentences, future tenses and modal verbs.

 

II.But first of all we’ll start with some kind of phonetic warming up. Let’s train sounds:

theory                         weather

theme                          whether

length                          leather

three                            feather

thank                           that

think                           these

thick                            those

 

The theory of probability is especially vivid and effective in playing cards. Those who know it properly are very successful in card games. Of course in order this theory become acting the card player must have an excellent ability in memorizing all card combinations, and what is very important he must be psychologically strong, reserved and cool. The success will be natural (regular).On this topic there is a very interesting American film “21”. A famous British singer Sting sings about it in his song “Shape of My Heart”. Listen and watch it, please.

 

(Videoclip from the film “21” is reproduced with Sting’s song)      (

 

But it is pure mathematics. As for English grammar we can say that the probability may be revealed in different ways:

            -by means of conditional sentences

            -by means of modal verbs “may” and “might”.

 

Let’s illustrate each of these ways. So we start with conditional sentences. They can be of four main types.

 

Zero Conditional. It expresses facts which are generally true or scientific facts. The rate of probability is equal to 100 percent.

 

e.g.: If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

         If you heat ice, it melts.

         If you fall, you get hurt.

 

First Conditional: Real condition in present and future. The probability percent is very high.

Second Conditional: Less real condition in present and future where percent of probability may be 50*50.

Third Conditional: Unreal condition in the past when the probability percent is equal to zero.

 

            Of course, in grammar we don’t deal with exact percent of probability like in mathematics, but First Conditionals show the future actions which have a very high rate of probability. Let’s see it on the following examples:

 

1.      If I work hard I’ll enter the University.

2.      If we try, we’ll have done this exercise by Monday.

3.      If Dan is free tomorrow he will come to the party.

4.      If you want, we’ll write the composition together.

5.      If you ring me up, I’ll tell you the secret.

6.      If Jane doesn’t pass her exams, she will not get a scholarship.

7.      If I ask my mother, she will bake a delicious cake.

8.      They will get a prize if they win a competition.

 

III.Listening comprehension.

Now I suggest you the text “A Farmer and the Apple-tree”. Listen to it, try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions to the text.

 

These are the words from the text:

 

a gardener-садовник                         passers-by -прохожий

to select – отбирать                           to steal - воровать

to plant – сажать                               deep in the forest – в голубине леса

a neighboиr – сосед                           greedy – жадный

 

                                    A FARMER AND AN APPLE-TREE

 

A rich farmer had a friend who was a gardener and grew very good apples. One day the farmer came to his friend and said,”What wonderful apples you have here!”

“If you like I shall give you one of my apple-trees”, said the friend. He selected a fine young tree, gave it to the farmer and said,”If you take it home and plant it at once, you will have very good apples”.

The farmer thanked his friend and took the tree home. But when he came home, he did not know where to plant it. If he planted it near the road, passers-by would steal the apples. If he planted it in one of his fields, his neighbours might come at night and steal the apples. If he planted it near the house, his own children might steal the fruit. Finally he planted the apple-tree deep in the forest where no one could see it. Naturally the young tree could not grow without sunlight and soon died.

When the gardener learned about this, he said that if he had known that the farmer would do to the tree, he would never have given it to him.

“What could I do?” answered the farmer. “If I had planted the tree near the road, the passers-by would have stolen the apples. If I had planted it in one of my fields, my neighbours would have come and stolen the fruit. If I had planted it near my house, my own children would have stolen the apples.

“Oh,” said the gardener, “if I had known how greedy you were, I’d never have given you the apple-tree.

 

            Now answer the questions:

1.Who grew very good apples?

2.What did the gardener give to the farmer?

3.Where did the gardener plant the apple-tree?

4.Why did the apple die?

5.Would the tree give good apples, if the farmer planted it near the house?

6.Would the farmer give apples to his neighbours if he weren’t so greedy?

 

Tell me, please, what kind of conditionals are the following sentences:

1.If you take it home and plant it at once, you will have very good apples.

2.If he planted it near the road, passers-by would steal the apples.

3.If I had planted the tree  near the road, the passers-by would have stolen the fruit.

4.If I had planted it near my house, my own children would have stolen the apples.

5.If I had known how greedy you were, I would have never given you the apple-tree.

 

IV.Practising the material. Let’s have some practice. Look at the blackboard and choose the right form of the verbs:

 

1.If I … (know, had known) French, I would … (helped, have helped) you.

2.If I … (pass, passed) my exams successfully, I …(will, would) ring you up at once.

3.If the weather …(was, were) good tomorrow, we …(will, would) go for a walk.

4.If Pete … (learned, learns) this poem by heart, he … (will, would) get an excellent mark.

5.If the gardener … (knew, had known) how greedy the farmer was, he would never (have given, had given) him the apple-tree.

6.If I … (knew, know) English well, I … (will, would) go to Great Britain.

           

Here are some proverbs for you to translate:

 

1.If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.

2.If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun.

3.If the pills were pleasant, they would not be sweetened.

4.If my aunt had been a man, she would have been my uncle.

5.If it were not for hope, the heart would break.

6.If each swept before his own door, we would have a clean city.

 

And the last part of our practice in conditionals.

 

А) Put the sentence into 3 possible types of condition:

 

If I (to know) the probability theory well, I (to play) cards successfully.

 

В)***Let’s play a game. Find the right ending of the sentences.

 

1.If I had one million dollars,                                    I would buy a yacht.

2.If Abraham Lincoln hadn’t worked so hard,

he wouldn’t have become the symbol of America.

3.If I had known you are coming,                             I would have met you at the airport.

4.If Columbus hadn’t had such a passion for travelling,

he wouldn’t have never discovered America in 1492.

5.If I had some more time,                                        I would learn French.

6.If I were cleverer,                                                   I would be a doctor.

7.If there were some eggs,                                                    I would make an omelette.

8.If you go to Paris,                                                   you will see the Eiffel Tower.

9.We’ll be late,                                                                      if the bus doesn’t arrive.

10.If it is cold,                                                                       I’ll wear my warm coat.

11.If I were you,                                                                    I would be there.

12.If you had worked hard at your Maths,

you would have known the probability theory very well.

13. If I were you,                                                                   I would be a designer.

 

V.Communicative activities.

Now we’ll see some mini-plays performed by the amateur actors.

 

***An American lady travelling in England got into a compartment of a smoking-carriage where an Englishman was smoking a pipe.  For a while she sat quietly expecting that the man would stop smoking. Then she began to cough and sneeze trying to show him that she was displeased. At last seeing that the man took notice of her and did not put out his pipe, she said:

                                               ***

Lady:           If you were a gentleman, you would have stopped smoking when a lady got into a carriage.

Gentleman: If you were a lady, you would not have got into a smoking carriage.

Lady:           If you were my husband, I would give you poison.

Gentleman: Well, if I were your husband, I would take (drink) it!

 

                                                           ***   ***Dialogue (between two schoolgirls after lessons):

 

             - Hello! Why are you so upset? What’s happened?

  - I’ve got a bad mark in biology.

             - Was it so difficult to answer?

             - I couldn’t say why my mother’s eyes are green, and mine are grey.

              - If I learned the theory of probability, I would explain it to the teacher of Biology.

             - Hadn’t the teacher of Math told you about this theory?

             - She had, but I fell asleep at her lesson, because I went to bed late.

           -   If I hadn’t slept, I would have caught the main meaning of probability.

             - Never say “die!”May be you need my help?

 - If you can help me, I will be very thankful!

 - All right! Let’s meet at 5 and solve this problem together.

 - O’key! Let’s!

 

****

Probability in the English language can also be expressed by modal verbs  ‘may’ and ‘might’:

1.It may rain soon.

2.Be careful you may fall.

3.They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time.

4.Don’t make noise, Father may be busy.

5.Nick may be at home now. Ring me up!

6.Jane isn’t at school today. She may be ill.

 

 

Summary.

The theory of probability is closely connected with the future, that’s why we cannot but say about Future Tenses.

But there is something, that does not depend on us. Each living being has its own destiny, written by God on heavens. Still there are cases, when the rate of probability may be very high due to our spirit and belief.

Your wishes must be very strong. I think that psychology is closely connected with maths probability here, because the stronger your wish is, the more probable is its fulfilling.

The Americans used to say “Never say “die”! We should always believe in our better future. I wish all of you good luck and happiness

Let’s listen and sing to the song “Que Sera” ( “What will be , will be”) together with Doris Day.

(Students watch the videoclip and sing together)

 

I thank everybody for fruitful work. Our lesson is over and I think that the probability of your enjoying it will be rather high (may be 100 percent?)

 

 

 

BE HAPPY!

                        NEVER SAY “DIE!

                                                           QUE SERA SERA!