VOICE AND MOOD IN THEIR REFERENCE TO TIME AND SPACE FACTORS.

VOICE AND MOOD IN THEIR REFERENCE TO TIME AND SPACE FACTORS.

                                           Rajabova Kamilla Zavkiddinovna:

                                           a sophomore of Uzbek State World

                                           Languages university. UzSWLU.

                                           Academic adviser: a dean of the faculty of

                                           translation as well as a senior teacher : Omonov P.X.

Annotation: voice and mood in their reference to time and space factors are scrutinized in this scientific paper and their connection with the whole grammatical organization is illustrated.

Key words : voice and mood, time and space factors, active forms, passive forms, indicativeness, progressive, recessive, Indicative mood, subjunctiveness, zone of time, zone of antitime, tense and aspect.

In the active forms the predominant position belongs to the meaning of processuality in its real space materialization. That is why the active indicative forms being the initial ones express first of all the space factor as the different character of the action representation. The latter is revealed in the same tense form. For instance: present – as the same tense rendered differently in indefinite, continuous and perfect manner of action. The same concerns past and future active.

In the passive forms the space materialization of processuality is recessive and therefore the temporal factor occupies the predominant position while the space factor is subordinated to it. This explains the fact why the continuous aspect is not universally spread in passive where there are no forms of future continuous and perfect continuous. Instead of them the corresponding active forms are used. Passive as the centre of the second proximity is not clearly observed and it is difficult to single out the durative segment of under- or overprocessuality there.

Thus progressiveness and recessiveness of the spatial and temporal factors oppose the forms of the active and passive voice.

The forms of mood are also specific from the view-point of the space and time refraction.

In the Indicative mood both the active and the passive constructions do not cause misrepresenting of the temporal factor nevertheless whether it is given in its progressive or recessive state.

In present, past and even future the temporal factor appears possible because it correlates to the space or overspace being created by materializing processuality in its under, direct, and over types.

In subjunctiveness the temporal factor is far from possible because the line of processuality has a reverse development. Being the result of materializing the subjective time it is not based on the objective time and therefore has neither space nor superspace being.                                                                                                   Three sequences are traced here:

1)    the absence of space factor because the latter is the result of the objective time materialization;

2)    mixture of temporal zones;

3)    unequality of form and contents.

Thus in the oblique moods there is the line of subjective processuality which misrepresents the initial temporal scale completely. The fact is that the subjective processuality includes either the zone of time into that of antitime or the zone of antitime into those of plusperfect and pseudo-time. In the first case the zone of antitime is understood as the zone of time proper. (I wish he were never with us! where the desire even contradicting the actual state of things is represented in its present tense.) In the second case the zone of plusperfect time connected with the zone of pseudo-time represents the action as referring to the zone of antitime. (If he had been in town he would have come here where the condition stated as unreal refers the action to the past.)

Tense and aspect relations of perfectness-imperfectness, on the one hand, and completeness-incompleteness, on the other, do not crown the cycle of limitative relations. The tense and aspect relations are narrower in their essence and are subjected to the relations of reachness and unreachness of the limit because the limit as the notion expressing limitation is the nucleus of all the limitational connections beginning with semantic and ending with syntagmatic ones.

In the verb system the meanings of reachness – unreachness of the limit are united into the sphere of aspectuality which includes the categories of tense and aspect too.

Conclusion: Tense and aspect are the categories that represent the further detailing of limitation. Time and space find their reflection in language because any action takes place in space and time. All of the tenses may be covered by the aspect features – completeness (perfect), incompleteness (indefinite), duration (continuous) expressing in their complex the concept of reachness (attainment) or unreachness (non-attainment) of a final (or virtual) goal of a process.

     The list of used literature:

     1 . Koshevaya I . G .  The theory of English grammar .  M. , 1982 .

     2. Vorontsova G . N . The summary of English grammar. M. , 1956 .

     3. Poutsma P . H . Grammar of Late Modern English ., 1926 .

     4. Chafe V . Structures of English . N . Y . ., 1963 .

     5. Sweet H . Language . N . Y . , 1931 .

     6.Bonk N . A . , Lukyanova N . A . , Pamukhina L . G . , English language . B. ,      2000 .