Билеты по английскому языку для проведения зачёта

Вариант  № 1

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

                          MSTISLAV   KELDYSH   (1911-1978)

1.  Mstislav Keldysh, a well-known Russian scientist, was born in Riga on January
28, 1911. He was a very capable boy and finished school at the age of 16. He wanted to become a building engineer like his father, but one could enter an engineering institute only at 17. The boy decided to enter Moscow University to study mathematics and physics.

2.  After his graduation from the University at the age of 20, he began his research work
at the Central Aero- Hydrodynamic Institute - the centre of aviation science at that time. The young scientist worked with enthusiasm and soon published a number of important scientific papers. When Keldysh was 27, he became Doctor of Sciences.

3.  The scientist did his research in the field of mathematics and aero-hydrodynamics.
Later he solved a number of problems in aviation, atomic and cosmic techniques.

4.  At the same time as a professor of Moscow University he gave much of his abilities to the teaching of students.

5.  For his fruitful research M.Keldysh got two State Prizes and the government awarded him the title of Hero of Socialist Labor three times. At the age of 30 M.Keldysh became an academician and on May 19, 1961 he became the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1.  What did Keldysh want to become?

a) a mathematician; b) a chemist; c) a building engineer.

2.  Where did he get his higher education?

a)       at Moscow University;  b)  at the Central Aero-Hydrodynamical Institute;

c)         at an engineering institute.

3.  What field of science did he do his research in?

a)        in the field of solid state physics;  b)  in the field of atomic and cosmic techniques;

c) in the field of electromagnetic waves.

 

III       Выпишите  из  3 – 4  абзацев  текста  имена  существительные  в  форме  множественного       числа.

 

 IV       Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

            young - … - …

            important -… - …

            much - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

            Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Вариант  № 2

 

I     Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

1.  Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand where he lived up to 1895. At   19 after finishing school he entered the only New Zealand University founded in 1870, at that time there were only 150 students and 7 professors there, at the university Ernest took great interest in physics and developed a magnetic detector of radio waves, however, he was absolutely uninterested in the practical applications of his discoveries.

2.              In 1895 Rutherford went to Cambridge where he continued research under   Thomson, the outstanding English physicist. There Rutherford studied the processes of ionization in gases and took great interest in radioactivity opened by Becquerel. About ten years Ernest Rutherford lived and worked in Canada.  Later he lectured in leading universities in the USA and England from 1907 till 1919.

3.              Rutherford’s famous work "The Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the Atom" dealt with so-called "atom models". All main Rutherford’s works deal with the nuclear models.

4.              For working out the theory of radioactive disintegration of elements, for determining the nature of alpha particles, for developing the nuclear atom, Rutherford was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

5.              Rutherford created a school of talented physicists in the field of atomic research. E. Rutherford died in 1937 at the age of 66.

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1. The first university where Rutherford studied was in...

 a) America; b) Europe; c) New Zealand.

2.  The university was ....

a)        very old and well-known all over world;

b)       very small and quite new;
c)  very large and rich in traditions.

3.          At the university Rutherford became interested in...
a) physics; b) history; c) social sciences.

4.          In 1908 E. Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize for...

a)    his first scientific work;

b)    the practical application of his investigations;

c)    a number of researches in chemistry.

 

III       Выпишите  из  I  абзаца  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

IV        Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

            great - … - …

            famous -… - …

            many - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

             Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

Вариант  № 3

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

     NIELS BOHR (1885- 1962)

1.    According to many scientists the history of modern theoretical atomic physics begins with Bohr's atomic theory of 1913.

2.                           Niels Bohr, the great Danish physicist, was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1903 he entered the University of Copenhagen and in 1907 he distinguished himself sufficiently to receive the gold medal of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences. Two years later he received his degree of Master of Science in physics and in 1911 the doctorate, for which he had investigated the electron theory of metals.

3.                           In 1912 Bohr went to work at Rutherford's laboratory in Manchester. Working at this laboratory he created his model of atom, retaining "the nucleus and revolving electrons" of Rutherford's atomic model and making use of Planck's quantum theory.  Bohr's theory states that for each atom there exists a series of fixed orbits in which the electrons travel without emitting light. In these orbits electrons are in stationary states because their energy content does not change and they travel at uniform speed. However, disturbance by an impact or by exterior radiation may cause a temporary displacement of the electrons, which will at once try to return to the home orbit by means of jumps. Each jump is accompanied by the emission of a quantum of light, representing the difference in energy between the higher orbit just left and the lower orbit just occupied. His model gave the impetus to the development of quantum mechanics.

4.                           Niels Bohr received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. He is an author of numerous books and papers.

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

1.     Where was Bohr born?

a) Moscow; b) Copenhagen; c) London.

2.    Where did he get his higher education?

a)        at Copenhagen University; b) at Moscow University; c) at Cambridge University.

3.    What field of science did he do his research in?
a)  in the field of chemistry; b) in the field of electromagnetic; c) in the field of electron theory of atom.

 

III       Выпишите  из  1 -2 абзацев  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

IV        Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

            late - … - …

            difficult -… - …

            well - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)   Present  Simple  Active;

            b)   Past Simple Active;

 

             Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

 

 

Вариант  № 4

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

IGOR  KURCHATOV( 1903-1960)

l.       Igor Kurchatov, a brilliant atomic physicist of our age was an outstanding organizer of research work. He united the forces of great scientific institutions for rapid solving essential scientific problems. He did much for establishing in the Soviet Union a powerful technical base, significant for the improved development of the atomic nucleus investigations.

2.    I.V. Kurchatov was born in 1903, and in 1923 he graduated from Crimean University, physics and mathematics department. At Baku Polytechnic Institute he studied the electrical conduction of insulators. In 1925 he went to Leningrad and joined the Physico- Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

3.     Initially he was interested in investigating electrical properties of crystals. This led Kurchatov to establish a new scientific field in the USSR, the study of electrical relations in materials possessing the quality of spontaneous polarization.

4.     Nuclear physics drew Kurchatov's attention in 1933. He did much for the development of this branch of physics in our country. For many years he headed the Atomic Energy Institute of the Academy of Sciences. He studied the nuclear fission, caused by neutron bombardment, nuclear chain reactions.

5.      He was especially interested in the problems connected with the control of thermonuclear reactions and in their utilization for practical purposes. Under his supervision the Soviet Union's first cyclotrons and atomic power stations were built. The atomic ice- breaker LENIN is also among his creations.

 

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1.     What was Kurchatov?

a)         a mathematician; b) a chemist; c) a physicist.

 2.   Where did he get his higher education?

a)          at Crimean University;  b)  at Moscow University; c) at Baku Polytechnical Institute.

  3.    What field of science did he do his research in?

a)         in the field of nuclear physics;  b)  in the field of mathematics; c) in the field of radio waves.

 

III       Выпишите  из  2 - 3  абзацев  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

IV        Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

            high - … - …

            essential -… - …

            early - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

            Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

 

 

 

Билет  № 5

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

N.I. LOBACHEVSKY (1792-1865)

l.        The life and scientific career of the great Russian mathematician N. I. Lobachevsky was closely connected with Kasan the town to which his family moved when he was a child.

2.   In 1807 Lobachevsky entered the newly established University of Kasan where he showed remarkable mathematician talent. At the University N.I. Lobachevsky spent nearly forty years of his life as a student, professor and rector.

3.     He wrote many papers on mathematics, but his fame was as mathematician "heretic", the creator of the first non- Euclidean geometry. For twenty centuries Euclid and his system of geometry had remained supreme. It was widely assumed by scholars that mathematics and geometry in particular, consisted of fundamental truths that existed independently of man. Two and two had to equal four and the sum of the three angles of a triangle had to be equal to 180 degrees.

4.                           Lobachevsky took a darling step and created a new geometry, which was not intended to represent anything "real"; it was simply a self- consistent mathematical system.  It is to be found on the surface of a curve called a pseudosphere. Lobachevsky's geometry had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science.

5.   Lobachevsky was a one- man phenomenon. Moreover Lobachevsky was a very   good talented organizer. He organized the library and laboratories. He even studied architecture so as to supervise the building programme of the University. Besides that he led an effective fight against cholera in 1830 and against a great fire in 1842, saving the University each time.

 

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1.     What was N.I. Lobachevsky?

a) a physicist; b) a mathematician; c) a biologist.

2.    What did Lobachevsky create?

a)        non-Euclidean geometry; b) Periodic Law of Elements; c) Electron theory of atom.

3.    Where did Lobachevsky live?

a) Moscow; b) St. Petersburg; c) Kasan.

 

III       Выпишите из 3 абзаца текста имена существительные в форме множественного числа.

 

 

IV        Образуйте три степени сравнения от данных имён прилагательных:

 

new - … - …

remarkable -… - …

good - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

             Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Вариант № 6

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

                          K.A. TIMIRYAZEV (1843 – 1920)

1.   K.A. Timiryazev began his scientific activities in the field of agriculture in the town of Simbirsk.   His teachers were D.L Mendeleyev, I.M. Sechenov, LI. Mechnikow, and other well-known scientists.

2.  K.A. Timiryazev was one of the greatest plant physiologists of the 19^th and 20^th centuries. In his experiments and theory he practically solved the problem of photosynthesis, showing that it depended on light intensity as well as light quality. He also wrote much on the importance of chlorophyll on the Earth.

3.   K.A. Timiryazev also studied, on an experimental plot, the effect of various mineral fertilizers on grain yields and proved that the use of phosphates in black soil raised greatly crop yields. Yet some of the fertilizers, e. g. sulphate ammonia, may have a harmful effect on plants. Working on the same experimental plot, he discovered that deep plough­ing was highly important in the fight against drought.

4.   Later, Academician V.R. Williams and farm practitioner T.S. Maltzev developed Timiryazev's idea on deep ploughing: they introduced a new method of grain cultivation. They used machines that could plough soil some 40-50 cm deep.

5.   Thus, K.A. Timiryazev's work had great influence on modern research in agriculture.

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1.       What field of science did K.A.  Timiryasev begin his activity?

a)       in  the  field  of  physics; b) in  the  field  of  chemistry; c) in  the  field  of  agriculture.

2.       What was K.  Timiryasev?

a)       a plant geneticist; b) a plant physiologist; c) a psychologist.

3.       What idea of Timiryasev is the important for agriculture?

a)       Deep ploughing is highly important in the fight against drought.

b)      Some  of  the  fertilizers  may  have  a  harmful  effect  on  farm  animals.

c)       Chlorophyll is important for plants growing. 

 

 III      Выпишите  из  3  абзаца  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

 IV       Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

deep - … - …

harmful -… - …

much - … - …

 

 V        Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

             Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Вариант  № 7

 

I      Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

NIKOLAY VAVILOV

1.  N.I. Vavilov, a great Russian plant geneticist, was born in Moscow in 1887. He is known for his research into the origins of cultivated plants.

2.  Vavilov studied under William Bateson, founder of the science of genetics at the University of Cambridge. Returning to Russia, he served as professor of botany at the University of Saratov and as director of the Bureau of Applied Botany in Petrograd.

3.  From 1916 to 1933 he made expeditions to many parts of the world, including Iran, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, China, Central and South America, amassing an immense collection of plants. He brought to the Soviet Union, for further study and breeding, samples of 50 000 varieties of plants and 31 000 wheat specimens.

4.  Observations made during Vavilov's world-wide studies led him to postulate that a cultivated plant's center of origin would be found in the region in which wild relatives of the plant showed maximum adaptation. In 1920 he expanded the theory, stating that the region of greatest diversity of a species of plant represents its center of origin. He eventually proposed 13 world centers of plant origin.

5.  Widely heralded as one of greatest contributors to the study of botanical populations, Vavilov was publicly denounced by Lysenko as a purveyor of "Mendelist-Morganist genetics". His reputation in his own country was destroyed, and he was arrested in 1940 and eventually imprisoned in Saratov.

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1. What was N.I.?  Vavilov?

a)       An agronomist; b) a plant geneticist; c) a chemist.

2. Why  did  he  make  expeditions  to  many  parts  of  the  world?

a)       he  amassed  an  immense  collection  of  plants  for  further  study;

b)      he  studied  the  effect  of  various  fertilizers  on  plants;

c)       he collected the butterflies.

3. What is N.I.  Vavilov known for?

a)       for  his  research  into  the  origin  of  wild  plants;

b)      for  his  scientific  papers;

c)       for  his  research  in  the  origin  of  cultivated  plants. 

 

III       Выпишите  из  3  абзаца  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

IV        Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

interesting - … - …

great -… - …

far - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

             Подчеркните  сказуемое.

 

 

Вариант № 8

 

I          Прочтите, постарайтесь понять содержание текста.

 

CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882)

 

1.   The famous naturalist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809.

      Charles's father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor, poet and scientist — Erasmus Darwin. Charles's father hoped that his son also would become a doctor.

      As a boy, Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and woods, watching nature and comparing what he saw with everything he had read in natural science books. He was also fond of collecting.  He collected many things: birds' eggs, stones, leaves.

2.  At sixteen, Charles was sent to Edinburgh University to become a doctor. Rut he was interested in natural history.

3.   Some time later he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a natu­ralist. His biology professor advised him to go. He said the journey would be just the thing for Charles. So when the Beagle left England in De­cember 1831, Charles Darwin was on board. The expedition lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters near the east and west coasts of South America.

4.  In 1842 Darwin went to live in Kent. There he continued his studies of change in nature. Darwin understood that plants and ani­mals do not always remain the same that they really change.

5.  By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species. It made a great noise in the world of science. In 1871, Darwin published another book The Descent of Man, which became almost as famous as The Origin of Species.  In  this  book he  explained  the  origin  and  development  of  man.

6.   Darwin continued his scientific studies until he died in 1882. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

 

 

II         Выберите  правильный  ответ  на  вопрос  в  соответствии  с  содержанием  текста.

 

1.       What was Charles Darwin?

a)  traveler; b) a naturalist and thinker; c) a doctor.

      2.    What was Darwin interested in from his childhood?

a)       Collecting of stamps; b) gardening; c) collecting of stones, leaves.

      3.    What  was  his  famous  book  “ The  Descent  of  Man”  about?

a)       about  the  trip  with  the  Beagle;

b)      about  the  origin and development of man;

c)       About the origin of species. 

 

III       Выпишите  из  I  абзаца  текста  имена  существительные в  форме  множественного  числа.

 

IV        Образуйте  три  степени  сравнения  от  данных  имён  прилагательных  и  наречий.

 

late - … - …

famous -… - …

many - … - …

 

V         Выпишите из текста 1 – 2 предложения с глаголом – сказуемым в:

 

            а)    Present  Simple  Active;

            b)    Past Simple Active;

 

            Подчеркните  сказуемое.