PROFESSOR H.K.ZHUBANOV AND PROBLEMS OF FOLKLORE
EKIBASOVA ELEONORA ELESOVNA.,
ENGLISH TEACHER,AGK
AKTOBE,KAZAKHSTAN
Creative activity of talented scientist K.Zhubanova is directed on the
decision of problems in study of folklore.And matter is not in the form but in
content. During the reading his works on study of folklore it is reallly impossibleto
stop reading,so much deep and interesting thoughts. At last we will notice that
such persons as K.Zhubanov are born just once in hundred years. And this
fact,itself speaks already about much. Reached up to now,not so much works of
Kudajbergen Zhubanov force to speak about i as about the researcher of Folklore.
Acknowledgement to it can be found in the book "Ocean of the Kazakh culture"
(M.Auezov),"the Bright star of the first degree in a scince" (G.Musrepov). Our
purpose to give a fair estimation to activity of the founder of linguistics in study
of folklore and to define its place in this bsphere of scientific knowledge. In the
scientific world the role of Kudajbergen Zhubanov is investigated not in the full
measure. So,the first Kazakh professor is widely know for the merits in the field of
linguistics. Though,his true talent was showed in study of folklore,but till now
there were n extensive researches present on this question. It is impossible to assert
completely that the role of Kudajbergen Zhubanov on literary criticism is not
investigated absolutely,after all he developed theoretical thoughts in all spheres of
philology. However,the work devoted to syncretism in folklore "About origin of
genre of kyui in thhe Kazakh music" will be interesting only to the critic. It is
clearly told in researches of Kudajbergen Zhubanov About some problem
questions in modern Kazakh study of falklore. It is possible to track connecion of
his work,turned to a problem of naturesyncreticim,"About origin of genre of kyui
in the kazakh music" with works of Russians specialists in folklore. They said a lot
that the folklore is an oral national creativity. The thought about connection of
folklore and national poetry passes in the textbook of V.P.Anikin "Russian
questions
folklore"in
this
A.H.Veselovsky,V.Lesevich,U.M.Sokolov,N.G.Bogotyrev,Century
E.Gusev,
J.V.Bromlej, etc. Not at once Kudajbergen Zhubanov has come to studying
folklore of syncretism. Having got initial education at institute in east languages on
a speciality "Turkic languages", in 1929 he was receive an education in
postgraduate study in the city of Leningrad, per 193032 he pursues science at
institute of Language and thought in Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Here in
Russia he gets acquainted with researches in the field of Russian study of folklore.
Science 1926 the annal "Art folklore" of Russian specialist in folklore U.M
Sokolov began published. In it he makes the offer to replace such traditional terms
in Russian science as "national poetry","the oral literature","the national literature"
consider
special
way with "artistice folklore". U.Sokolov considered that the concept "the oral national
literature"is narrow. He has paid special attention to the fact that the folklore is
necessary for considering not only in the light of word art,critics,musicans,singers,
[1.23 p.]. This idea has helped to generate a theoretical direction in study of
folklore,tocreate an integral picture of researches. The area of researchhes in
folklore extends,such western scients as G.Freze,B.Mailinovsky,A.Van
Gennep,L.LeviBrjul and others organize a close connection in work of researches.
The editorial board in this literary miscellany pays much attention not only to
national poetry,but also to the national songs,architecture,painting, a sculpture,
ornament art. Anyway,the next years the concept of "folklore" has aken a greate
value and importance of researches. About idea of syncretism in folklore is not told
anything. U.M.Sokolov's report in 1931 on a theme: "Value of folklore and study
of folklore and study of folklore during the reconstructive period". In the same year
in Leningrad has passed scientific debate,on which they have come to a
conclusion that the Folklore and the literature are the same poetic creativity which
is carried out by only various creative method" [2,19 p], and concept that" folklore
the oral national literature "has accepted the law status. A.N.Veselovsky tells
about existence of syncretism in folklore,in the article "the mos ancient and the
beginnings of differentiation ofpoetic sorts" Syncretism is an integrity of any
phenomenon with its initial development. Syncretism in folklore is a property of
not differentiated national creativity during the early period of historical
development. Basically,the concept of syncretism includes a word,a tune, dance,a
drama. A.N.Veselovsky explains the phenomenon of syncretism in folklore as the
rhythmical organized unity of a song and a tune,movement and a word."The theory
of syncretism" in his work "Three heads from historical poetics"is filled by new
information and has got new meaning. "first of all Syncretic movements are
based,not on a word,but on a movement:sometimes people sing songs without
word participation,and the rhythm can arise frome simple barracking on a petrel,at
that tim the sounds were formed from the words which hadnot right pronounce and
then they changed into rhythm. Then,owing an influence of spiritual and material
interests a role of the language began develop and allocate independently. Poetic
"embryo" arises from expressive showed sounds and senseless words and because
of the frequent use those words during the development they turn to the text.
Initially the development og the texts occurred by itself from the sounds,hen the
connected up with words and become song. Thus,from the melodic sounds it began
word to differentiate. The development of poetic works with the participation of
melodies led to the creation of different mythological works" [3.]
Academician Marr investigated oher special features of syncreatism.
Recognizing the role of gesture and motion in the development of human
speech,Marr connects the appearance of speech ot only with the sounding,but also
with the based on the magic,three forms of skill dance,song,music. The regular
question arises:was occupied someone by a question about the folklore syncretism
in our scientific medium? There was of course this researcher. And this is Kudaybergen Kunanov Zhubanov. He actively participated in resolutions of the
questions, connected with the folklore, he introduced the tendency of the
differentiation of folklore and peoples’ oral creation. In spite of exerted pressure
from the side of society with the appearance of the threat of the disappearance of
folklore heritage ,appears a study of Kudaybergen Zhubanov “about the
appearance of the genre of kyuy in Kazakh music”. That absorbed into himself the
cultural sound sense, Kudaybergen Zhubanov tells his descandants in this work,
that the sources of literature and skill lie at the creation of people. In his work he
proves, that in created by entire humanity folklore and combined such
immemorial magic forms as word, song, dance, kyuy – property of the popular
wisdom, which are syncretic skill. Acadimician M.Karatayev says that in 1936
was publicated the book – description of K.Zhubanov “about the appearance of
the genre of kyuy in Kazakh music”. With the support to the knowledge from the
history and the language, is expressed such interesting information! M.Karatayev
comes to the conclusion: “The professor of K.Zhubanov, during the investigation
musical tools and etymology of their names, prove that they exist in our lingual
fund from the early times. After determining that song and kyuy have united origin
and their further differentiation – is the result of the historical development of
Kazakh people”[4,98 p.]. In the works of M.Karataev , A.Derbisalin, B.Uahatov,
S.Negimov, A.Moldahanov, S.Baymenshe, K.Sh.Bisenova was given a fair
assessment of the importance of the essay “About the appearance of the genre of
kuyu in Kazakh music”. The work’s role of K.Zhubanov which dedicated in kuyu
in study of folklore is undoubtedly important. Genre of kuyu for a long time has
been considered as an important wealth and it is an integral part of folklore . Thus,
folklore is not only the art or words and the art of melody.
Having one nature of origin, now they are different: one is a vocalmusic and
other instrumental. As a consequence, it can be argued that this fact is an indication
of historical development. In order to clearly understand the point made by
K.Zhubanov turn to the following scheme:
Nature
Man
Developme
Sound
a word
/language
idea
Voice/
melody
Imitation/
movement
Conscious
action
Music
Dance
Idea From the scheme it is clear that the song and word, dance and kuyu created
by conscious human activity. Initially, people did not understand the phenomena of
nature, they were afraid of it and were dependent. Then the development is being.
He improves his speech apparatus, there a voice is appeared. The person begins to
communicate through gestures, then he accompanies some of actions with sounds
and then the word appears. The song began to emerge from the perfection of sound
and speech. The dance began to emerge due to generation of various deities. We
can show the development of kyuy with the help of downstream scheme:
Nature substance and its process of
development
The Song
A word
Dance
Abstraction of kuyu
Genre of kyuy arose at the turn of awareness of art. Development and sense
are harmoniously combined in kyuy. The kyuy which is played on dombyra is not
just combination of sounds. There was a belief that the object on which kyuy is
played had magical powers. The terms of song folklore investigated by
K.Zhubanov( kobyz, sybyzgy, dombyra, song, kuyu, lyr, tolgau) are the rich
heritage for descendants. K.Zhubanov considers that at the beginning epos, music,
dance, song, and kyuy existed in syncretic way(professor Fitrat speaks about
existence of this epoch in its labor), Allocation of national kuyu in a special genre
is connected with existence of the shaman of religion.
The researcher. Zhubanov notes that kinds of art which is originated in
syncretic form, gradually began to separate. In other words, there is shown the
general nature of such genres as kuyu and zhyr, a combination of prose, with
poems in the heroic epic. For example, in such works as “Kozy Korpesh”,
“Shora”, “Alpamys”, in the eastern writings as “Shahnameh”, “Ferdowsi”,
“Gulstan”, “Sagdy” a part is written in prose, but a large part is written for more
expression – in the verses. The significance of studies of K.Zhubanov is huge,
because he studied the channels of folflore and literature. Music, namely the genre
of kuyu is genre of folklore without any doubt. Problems that have been identified
by Zhubanov, they are new directions for research. In his opinion, Kazakh’s kuyu
is performed without any voice. However, the genre is directly separated from the song. Professor pays special attention to the genre of epic literature. He makes such
a conclusion that “initially all genres were syncretic. As said Marr, if at the
beginning an epic, music and dance existed together, now we have to distinguish
between them”.
The author of the study, who made an invaluable contribution to the national
heritage Zhubanov is also a figure in literarure and culture. As mentioned
Karatayev “figure of culture himself, above all must be educated”.
The concept of culture includes learning, common sense, spiritual purity and
spiritual beauty, Zhubanov had all of these qualities. He is polyglot cause he knew
everything, very valuable, many sided, talented scientist. A bright proof of his
talent is his work “about the appearance of genre of kuyu in Kazakh music”. The
passage of time requires new approaches and new ideas about the causes of objects
and phenomena. Sucy scientists of study of folklore as R.Berdibay, S.Kaskabasov
suggest that it is not right to be limited by the fact that it is art of nation in
considering the folklore. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive that there will
be a folk music.
Bibliography:
1. Sokolov U. eork on Russian folklore for the revolutionary period\\
Ethnography . № 12
2. Lozanova A.N. To the immediate tasks of Soviet study of folklore\\ SE.
№2.
3. Veselovskii A.N. Historical poetics. Editorial URSS., 2004
4. Karatayev M. Patriot Professor\\ Zhubanov K. works and the Recollection
Almaty: Iskusstvo C., 20087
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