Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
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Содержит примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений;Метафора,Примеры метафор,Составные метафорым Фразовые метафоры Развёрнутая етафора Метонимия. Примеры метонимии, Ирония. Примеры приведены на английском языке, с переводом на русский и без перевода. Можно использовать примеры на уроках.Глава 2, пункт 2.5 Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры стилистических приемов, на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных значений.docx
2.5 Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных
на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметнологических
значений
Метафора
Примеры метафор.
1. And the skirts! What a sight were those skirts! They were nothing but vast
decorated pyramids; on the summit of each was stuck the upper half of a princess.
(A. B.) И юбки, что за юбки! Ничего особенного на первый взгляд, но скроены
в виде больших пирамид; на верхушке каждой, возвышалась верхняя часть
принцессы.
2. She was handsome in a rather leonine way. Where this girl was a lioness, the
other was a pantherlithe and quick. (Ch) Она была крепко сложена, словно
львица. И если первая девушка была львицей, то вторая грациозной и
пластичной пантерой.
3. Geneva, mother of the Red Cross, hostess of humanitarian
congresses for the civilizing of warfare! (J. R.) Женева – мать «Красного
Креста», хозяйка гуманитарных конгрессов за цивилизованную борьбу!
4. He smelled the everbeautiful smell of coffee imprisoned in the can. (J. St.) Он
почуял самый ароматный запах кофе, который когда либо ему удавалось
познать, заключенный в кофейной банке.
5. They walked along, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to
communicate. (W. G.) Они шли вперед, две параллельные прямые: разум и
чувства, не способные пересечься.
Примеры метафор для детей школьного возраста: List of Metaphors
A laugh in a sea of sadness
His plans were rock solid and so were
He has a voice of a crow
He has a voice of a wolf
He has the heart of a lion
He is the sun of my sky
his aims
Ideas are wings
It's raining men
Life is a mere dream, a fleeting
He swam in the sea of diamonds
shadow on a cloudy day
He tried to help but his legs
were rubber
Light of their life
Love is fire
Her hair was bone white
She is a dog when she eats
Her lips were butterflies
Her positive attitude is a
Spiritual seeking is treasure hunting
Thoughts are a storm, unexpected
lighthouse for the hopeful
His belt was a snake curling
Truth is food for him
You are the light in my life
around his waist
Extensive List of Metaphors
A laugh in the sea of sadness
The noise is music to his ears
He swam in the sea of diamonds
His belt was a snake curling around his waist
Love is a growing garland
Your friendship is the picture to my frame
Authority is a chair, it needs legs to stand up
Once your heart's been broken it grows back bigger
His hair is a white snowflake and his hair is a messy haystack He is all heartbroken
The pigeons fountained into the air
Her hair was bone white
He tried to help but his legs were wax
It's raining cats and dogs
Words are false Idols
Ideas are wings
Kicked the bucket
The sea is a hungry lion
She is a dog when she is hungry
A heart of gold
A light in a sea of darkness
Strength and dignity is what she is made of
Heart of a lion
He is the sun of my sky
Light of their life
Pull your socks up
Life is a mere dream, a fleeting shadow on a cloudy day
Drowning in the sea
Jumping for joy
Rolling in dough
Apple of the eye
It rained cats and dogs
Information travels faster in this modern age as our days start crawling away
Reality is an enemy
Truth is food for him
Fear is a beast that feeds on attention
Spiritual seeking is treasure hunting
Life's journey is a bicycle ride down the hill Ideas are water
Thoughts are a storm, unexpected
Extended Metaphor
An extended metaphor is a type of metaphor which is also known as a 'conceit', it
is nothing but a metaphor which does not end in the first sentence, and is continued
in the next sentence too:
The winds were ocean waves, thrashing against the trees limbs. The gales
remained thereafter, only ceasing when the sun went down. Their waves clashed
brilliantly with the water beneath, bringing foam and dying leaves to the shore.
The teacher descended upon the exams, sank his talons into their pages, ripped the
answers to shreds, and then, perching in his chair, began to digest.
Love Metaphors
Love is a nutrient
Love is a journey
Love is a unity of parts
Love is a bond
Love is a fluid in a container
Love is fire
Love is an economic exchange
Love is a natural force
Love is a physical force
Love is a camera, full of memories
Love is an opponent
Love is a captive animal
Love is war
Love is a social superior
Love is rapture/a high
Love is a thrill ride
Love is a fine wine
Love is a garden
Love is a battlefield
Love is the air
Love is an experiment
Love is like an adventure
Love is a fragile flower opening to the
warmth of spring
Love is a lemon either bitter or sweet If you are trying to understand metaphors, you should start with a list of
elementary metaphors and who knows, you might end up making your own
metaphor list one day!
Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden
comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but
have some characteristics common between them. In other words, a resemblance of
two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common
characteristics.
In simple English, when you portray a person, place, thing, or an action
as being something else, even though it is not actually that “something else,” you
are speaking metaphorically. “He is the black sheep of the family” is a metaphor
because he is not a sheep and is not even black. However, we can use this
comparison to describe an association of a black sheep with that person. A black
sheep is an unusual animal and typically stays away from the herd, and the person
you are describing shares similar characteristics.
a sunny smile – сияющая улыбка
to purr with delight – урчать от удовольствия
a sundrenched beach – залитый солнцем пляж
to pull strings – тянуть за ниточки
Составные метафоры
a bloodbath резня mindgames головоломка a nutcase псих
a suntrap солнцеприёмник a sinbin – скамейка штрафников
narrowminded предвзятый warmhearted участливый bonedry пересохший hardbitten стойкий
greenfingered садоводческий soulsearching самоанализ
Фразовые метафоры
Come rain or shine – Будь что будет
She was the life and soul of the party – Она была душой компании
It’s a case of swings and roundabouts Никогда не знаешь, где найдёшь, где
потеряешь
Making mistakes is part and parcel of growing up – Ошибки – часть взросления
I’ll move heaven and earth to achieve my goal – Я горы сверну за свою цель
This selling season is make or break for the car industry – Этот продажный
сезон решит судьбу автопрома
She may act strangely, but live and let live is what I always say – Она возможно
и чудачка, но я никогда не лезу в чужую жизнь
Развёрнутая метафора
A woman is a foreign land
Все женщины – с другой планеты
Although he there settles young
И хоть знаком с ней с детства он
The man will never understand
Мужчина никогда не поймёт
Its customs, politics and tongue
Её таможню, политику и язык
Functions From the above arguments, explanations and examples, we can easily infer the
function of metaphors; both in our daily lives and in a piece of literature. Using
appropriate metaphors appeals directly to the senses of listeners or readers,
sharpening their imaginations to comprehend what is being communicated to them.
Moreover, it gives a lifelike quality to our conversations and to the characters of
the fiction or poetry. Metaphors are also ways of thinking, offering the listeners
and the readers fresh ways of examining ideas and viewing the world.
Метонимия. Metonymy.
It is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of
something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples
of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life.
Metonymy is often confused with another figure of speech called
synecdoche. They resemble each other but are not the same. Synecdoche refers to a
thing by the name of one of its parts. For example, calling a car “a wheel” is a
synecdoche. A part of a car i.e. “a wheel” stands for the whole car. In a metonymy,
on the other hand, the word we use to describe another thing is closely linked to
that particular thing, but is not a part of it. For example, “Crown” which means
power or authority is a metonymy.
Examples of Metonymy in Everyday Life
We use metonymy frequently in our everyday life. For a better understanding, let
us observe a few metonymy examples:
England decides to keep check on immigration. (England refers to the
government.)
The suits were at meeting. (The suits stand for business people.) The pen is mightier than the sword. (Pen refers to written words and sword
to military force.)
The Oval Office was busy in work. (“The Oval Office” is a metonymy as it
stands for people at work in the office.)
Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)
Примеры метонимии
1. He went about her room, after his introduction, looking at her pictures, her
bronzes and clays, asking after the creator of this, the painter of that, where a third
thing came from. (Dr.) После своего представления он прошелся по комнате.
Глядя на ее картины, бронзовые и глянцевые изделия, спросил кто создатель
этого произведения, той картины и откуда третья такая.
2. She wanted to have a lot of children, and she was glad that things were that
way, that the Church approved. Then the little girl died. Nancy broke with Rome
the day her baby died. It was a secret break, but no Catholic breaks with Rome
casually. (J. O’H.) Он Она хотела много детей, рада была тому, что церковь
одобряла это желание. Вскоре ее маленькая дочь умерла. Нэнси перестала
верить, когда умер ее ребенок. Это был секретный разрыв, ибо обычно,
настоящие католики не отлучаются от церкви.
3. “Evelyn Clasgow, get up out of that chair this minute.” The girl looked up from
her book.
“What’s the matter?
“Your satin. The skirt’ll be a mass of wrinkles in the back.” (E. F.) «Евелин Гласгоу, а ну, слезай с кресла, сию же минуту!»Девочка оторвала
глаза от книги. «В чем дело?» «Твой сатин. Юбка сзади помнется, будет вся в
складках!»
4. She saw around her, clustered about the white tables, multitudes of violently red
lips, powdered cheeks, cold, hard eyes, selfpossessed arrogant faces, and insolent
bosoms. (A. B.) Она огляделась вокруг себя. Вокруг белых столов была
сконцентрирована, огромная бурлящая масса красных губ (женщин с ярким
макияжем), напудренных щек, холодных, властных глаз, напыщенных,
высокомерных лиц и петушиных тел.
He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I. Sh.) Он сделал свою
карьеру, продавая духи и сплетни.
There you are at your tricks again. The rest of them do earn their bread: you live
on my charity. Ты опять со своими выкрутасами. Кончай с ними, заработай на
пропитание: ты живешь за мой счет.
Examples Of Metonymy
Metonymy In Poetry
Example 1
Example 2
We passed the School, where Children
The buzz saw snarled and rattled in
strove
the yard
At Recess, in the Ring
And made dust and dropped stove
We passed the fields of Gazing Grain
length sticks of wood,
We passed the Setting Sun
Sweetscented stuff when the breeze
drew across it.
Or rather, He passed Us
And from there those that lifted eyes
The Dews drew quivering and chill
could count
For only Gossamer, my Gown
Five mountain ranges one behind My Tippet, only Tulle
the other
Under the sunset far into Vermont.
We paused before a House that
And the saw snarled and rattled,
seemed
snarled and rattled,
A Swelling of the Ground
The Roof was scarcely visible
The Cornice in the Ground
As it ran light, or had to bear a load.
And nothing happened: day was all
but done.
Call it a day, I wish they might have
Since then 'tis Centuries, and yet
said
Feels shorter than the Day
To please the boy by giving him the
I first surmised the Horses' Heads
half hour
Were toward Eternity
That a boy counts so much when
Because I Could Not Stop For Death
saved from work.
Emily Dickinson
His sister stood beside them in her
apron
To tell them "Supper." At the word,
the saw,
As if to prove saws knew what
supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy's hand, or
seemed to leap
He must have given the hand.
However it was,
Neither refused the meeting. But the
hand!
The boy's first outcry was a rueful
laugh,
As he swung toward them holding
up the hand Half in appeal, but half as if to keep
The life from spilling. then the boy
saw all
Since he was old enough to know,
big boy
Doing a man's work, though a child
at heart
He saw all spoiled. "Don't let him
cut my hand off
The doctor, when he comes. Don't
let him, sister!"
Examples In Regular Language
"He writes a fine hand." This means that the person writes neatly or has
good handwriting.
"The pen is mightier than the sword." This only means that words spoken
well are mightier than military force.
"We have always remained loyal to the crown." The crown here stands to
symbolize the king of a particular country. This metonymy is used
commonly when talking or writing.
"The House was called to order." This means that the 'members' of a
House, assuming that it's a House of Parliament, were called to order.
'He is a man of cloth' This only means to say that the man who the sentence
is talking about is a man who belongs to a religious sect; cloth signifies that
'robes' worn by religious men.
'She works with a newspaper' Take a close look at this sentence. If you
knew nothing about metonymies, you would probably think that the person
the sentence is talking about works with a 'newspaper'. However, here
newspaper is more than just what your paperboy brings every day.
Newspaper stands to represent a group of journalists and editors working
together to churn out news items.
Ирония
1. The book was entitled Murder at Milbury Manor and was a whodunit (who
have done it) of the more abstruse type, in which everything turns on whether a
certain character, by catching the threefortythree train at Hilbury and changing
into the foursixteen at Milbury, could have reached Silbury by fivetwentyseven,
which would have given him just time to disguise himself and be sticking knives
into people at Bilbury by sixthirtyeight. Книгу назвали «Убийство в поместье
Милбери», типичный образец бессмысленности, а ее автор «великий
писатель». В книге все зависит от некого действующего лица, которое
запрыгивает на поезд 343, убывающий из Хилбери и пересаживается на 46 в
Милбери, и мог бы достичь Сильбери на 527, который мог дать ему фору для
маскировки и протыкания пару шкур из Билбери (людей) в поезде 638.
2. When the war broke out she took down the signed photograph of the Kaiser
and, with some solemnity, hung it in the menservants’ lavatory; it was her one
combative action. Когда боевые действия разразились, она
продемонстрировала подписанный плакат Цезаря и с некой торжественностью, повесила его дверцу служебного туалета; это был ее
личный военный маневр.
3. «I had a plot, a scheme, a little quiet piece of enjoyment afoot, of which the
very cream and essence was that this old man and grandchild should be as poor as
frozen rats», and Mr. Brass revealed the whole story, making himself out to be
rather saint like holy character. «У меня был плот, планы, предвкушение
активного образа жизни, хотя в сущности, этот дедушка с внуком должно
быть были бедны как церковные крысы», – господин Брас рассказал целую
историю, в которой описывал себя в роли святого мученика. (Charles Dickens).
4. The lift held two people and rose slowly, groaning with diffidence. Лифт
вместил двух пассажиров и поднимался медленно, издавая странные звуки,
заставляющие сомневаться в его исправности.
5. England has been in a dreadful state for some weeks. Lord Coodle would
go out, Sir Thomas Doodle wouldn’t come in, and there being nobody in Great
Britain (to speak of) except Coodle and Doodle, there has been no Govern¬ment.
Англия находилась в плачевном положении в течение нескольких недель.
Лорд Кудл хотел было уйти в отставку, но сэр Томас Дудл не пришел бы к
власти, и не было никого в стране, кроме вышеупомянутых персон, не было
кому править. (Charles Dickens).
6. From her earliest infancy Gertrude was brought up by her aunt. Her aunt
had carefully instructed her to Christian principles. She had also taught her
Mohammedanism, to make sure. С самого раннего детства Гертруду
воспитывал ее дядя, он обучил ее всем премудростям христианства. Она была
обучена и мусульманству, ну так, на всякий случай.
7. “She’s a charming middleaged lady with a face like a bucket of mud and if
she has washed her hair since Coolidge’s second term, I’ll eat my spare tire, rim and all.” «Она очаровательная дева с цветом лица разбитого бетона, в полном
расцвете сил. Я готов проглотить мое большое брюхо вместе с поясом, если
она вымыла голову со времен второго курса колледжа». (Raymond Chandler).
8. With all the expressiveness of a stone Welsh stared at him another twenty
seconds apparently hoping to see him gag. Вся магия Валлийского камня
заключается в том, что при пристальном его изучении, в течение 20ти секунд,
несомненно, появляется шанс разглядеть в нем нечто магическое. (Raymond
Chandler).
9. “Well. It’s shaping up into a lovely evening, isn’t it?” “Great,” he said.
“And if I may say so, you’re doing everything to make it harder, you little sweet.”
“Что ж, а вечер перестает быть обыденным, точно?» – он сказал. «И, если Вы
имеете чтото сказать, говорите, вечер приобретет большую контрастность,
Вы, маленькая прелесть».
Verbal Irony Examples in Literature
One of the main types of irony, verbal irony is the use of words in such a
manner that there is a disparity in what is said and what is meant, that is,
expression and intention.
One of the classic verbal irony examples in literature is from Julius Caesar
by William Shakespeare, from the famous Friends, Romans, Countrymen...
speech by Mark Anthony, where he says, "Yet Brutus says he was
ambitious; And Brutus is an honorable man."
One of the best verbal irony examples in songs in popular media is Stay
Awake from the Julie Andrews starrer Mary Poppins, where she sings a song
about staying awake to put her wards to sleep. This is also one of the most
common irony examples for kids that teachers use to explain the concept. One of the most repeated examples of irony, especially sarcasm, is a
conversation between Winston Churchill and a lady guest at a party he was
attending, where the woman accused Mr. Churchill of being drunk, to which
he retorted, "My dear, you are ugly … but tomorrow I shall be sober."
Dramatic Irony Examples in Literature
Most Shakespearean plays are good examples of irony. In Romeo and Juliet
while the audience is aware that Juliet has taken a sleeping potion and is
feigning her death, Romeo and everyone else believes that she is dead
having killed herself.
Sophocles, in the classic, Oedipus the King, makes the reader aware that the
Oedipus himself is the murderer he is searching for.
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen starts with the sentence, "It is a truth
universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good
fortune, must be in want of a wife," which starts becoming increasingly
ironical with the knowledge that the women in the novel are the ones who
are always in search for a man, especially a rich prospective suitor.
The Truman Show starring Jim Carrey, is a good example of irony explained
where the audience is aware that Truman is a part of a T.V. show but he
discovers it in the course of the film.
Situational Irony Examples in Literature
One of the most quoted irony examples in poetry is from The Rime of the
Coleridge.
Mariner
Ancient
Taylor
by
Samuel
"Water,
And
all
water,
every
where,
the
boards
did
shrink
; Water,
water,
every
where,
Nor any drop to drink."
The Accidental Tourist by Anne Tyler is a perfect example of situation irony
in literature."Seated in a stenographer's chair, tapping away at a typewriter
that had served him through four years of college, he wrote a series of
guidebooks for people forced to travel on business."
One of the best irony examples in literature is in The Wonderful Wizard of
Oz. Dorothy only realizes at the end of the novel that she possesses the
ability to go back home, the Scarecrow who wants a brain realizes that he is
extremely intelligent, the Tin Woodsman realizes he already has a heart and
In spite of the downpour, he might have said “What a lovely afternoon!”,
presumably if he had a taste for irony – Несмотря на ливень, он мог бы
сказать «Что за прекрасный денёк!» будь у него чувство иронии
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
Примеры использование стилистических приемов, основанных на взаимодействии словарных и контекстуальных предметно-логических значений
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