Развитие функционального чтения с целью извлечения конкретной информации

Специальность:08.02.01. «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений»

Учебная дисциплина: Иностранный язык (английский)

Тип учебного занятия: Комбинированное занятие

Тема"Чтение и перевод текста «Nanotechnology and construction»,

Формируемые компетенции:

1. ОК 1. Понимать сущность и социальную значимость своей будущей профессии, проявлять к ней устойчивый интерес;

2. ОК 5. Осуществлять поиск, анализ и оценку информации, необходимой для постановки и решения профессиональных задач, профессионального и личностного развития.

3. ОК 6. Работать в коллективе и команде, обеспечивать ее сплочение, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями.

Цели учебного занятия:

·         Образовательная цель - закрепление и систематизация знаний профессиональной лексики по теме урока, развитие речевых умений, навыков чтения и понимания профессионально ориентированных текстов, аудирования

·         Развивающая цель – развитие логического мышления, умения обобщать и систематизировать знания; развитие у студентов умения объяснять, сравнивать, делать выводы

·         Воспитательная цель – формирование коммуникативной культуры, навыков социального общения через активизацию понятий, связанных с профилем специальности.

По результатам занятия студент должен знать: профессиональную лексику по теме «Типы фундаментов», порядок слов в английском распространенном предложении.

По результатам занятия студент должен уметь: систематизировать профессиональную лексику, называть части зданий и типы фундаментов, читать и понимать тексты профессиональной направленности.

Организация деятельности студентов –индивидуальная

Межпредметные связи –. «Проектирование зданий и сооружений» (архитектура, строительные конструкции)

Методы обучения:

- Репродуктивный – ответ на поставленные вопросы

- Продуктивный – группировка профессиональной лексики, составление слов и предложений по теме урока

- Частично-поисковый – самостоятельная работа студентов с учебным материалом, презентациями, поиск оптимального решения поставленной проблемы.

Технические средства обучения: электронные образовательные ресурсы, презентация по теме

1. Речевая подготовка:

1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the text " Nanotechnology and construction " and translate the given sentences.

1. strength of materials— сопротивление материалов
compressive strength[kam'presiv] — прочность на сжатие
fatigue strength[fs'tkg] — усталостная прочность
impact strength['impaekt] — работа деформации при удар­
ном изломе, ударная вязкость

static strength['staetik] — статическая прочность, проч­ность при статической нагрузке yield strength[ji:ld] — условный предел текучести

This book covers requirements for an engineering undergraduate course on strength of materials and structures. One of the essential properties of concrete is its compressive strength. The process is applied to high performance equipment where it is not possible to increase the fatigue strength by adding more material. Impact strength on reinforced concrete structures was estimated by this method. We investigated the resistance to fracture in relation to the static strength and structure of two beams. Prior to the yield strength the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape.

2. damage['daemidj] n v — повреждение, разрушение, де-

фект; повреждать, разрушать, наносить ущерб

This will do a lot of damage to the beam. Fires damage parts of buildings and whole buildings.

fail['feil] v — повреждать, разрушать, выходить из
строя

failure['feiljg] n — разрушение, авария, сбой, неисп­равность

brittle failure[bntl] — хрупкое разрушение compressive (compression) failure— разрушение при сжа­тии

ductile failure['dAktail] — вязкое (пластическое) разру­шение tensile failure— разрушение при растяжении

The roof joint failed because of the roof heating up. Frost action causes serious failures of concrete. One of the most important characteristics of the structural strength of steels is the resistance to brittle failure. The complexities of compressive failure become apparent when a solid block of material is squeezed between parallel plates. Damage models can be used to predict ductile failure in metal forming processes. The standard way to measure tensile strength is to use a small bar with uniform width and to pull at each end until the hav fails.

4. prevent (from)[pn'vent] v — предотвращать, предохра­
нять

Temporary end stops should be used to prevent concrete from flowing along the bottom of the shutters and segregating.

5. dimension[dai'menjn] n — размер, объем

A room has three spatial dimensions: length, height and width.

6. strain[strein] n v — деформация, напряжение, натя­
жение

The change of dimensions in a material due to a stress is called strain.

7. withstand[wiS'stasnd] v - противостоять, выдерживать
Reinforced concrete can usefully withstand bending load.

8. bear['Ьеэ] (bore, borne)v -поддерживать, служить
опорой

bearingn — опора

bearing reactions— опорное давление

The bridge must bear the weight of the cars and trucks. The experiment was an investigation into the practicability of fixing precast units directly on to their beam bearings. An experimental technique is described for the measurement of bearing reactions in bridge slabs.

9. enable[1'neibl] v — давать (создавать) возможность All floors must be constructed before the roof is put on and waterproofed to enable finishing work to begin.

10. implementv — выполнять, осуществлять, реализовы-
вать

The construction committee's suggestions will be implemented immediately.

11. be subjected to[sab'cfeektid] - подвергаться

Abeam is a structural element that is subjected to forces acting perpendicular to it.

12. deflection[di'flekjn] n - прогиб, упругая деформация
The deflection of a beam depends on its length, its cross-sectional

shape, the material, where the deflecting force is applied, and how the beam is supported.

   13. shearstress ['Jis] — касательное напряжение

tensilestress — растягивающее напряжение Shear stress is calculated based on the principle of conservation of momentum. There are some kinds of materials which cannot withstand tensile stress.

14. tension['tenfn] n — растяжение, натяжение

Concrete has a much higher strength when it is under compression than it has when it is subjected to tension.

15. assess[a'ses] v — оценивать
assessment[a'sesmantj n — оценка

They tried to assess the damage to the building. This organization provides the assessment and control of construction products.

16. capable (of)['kerpablj adj — способный

capability^keipa'bilati] n — способность, возможность, мощность, производительность

A new sports hall capable (/accommodating 6,000 people has recently been completed. The engineer explained the technical capabilities of the building structure.

17. fulfil[ful'fil] v — выполнять, исполнять
fulfilment[ful'filmantj n — выполнение

This type of finishes fulfils different functions.

18. increase['irjkri:sj [m'kri:s] n v — возрастание, увеличе­
ние; возрастать, увеличивать

decrease['dirkrirs] [,di:'kri:s] n v — уменьшение, сниже­ние, падение; уменьшать, снижать, падать, убывать

An increase in the volume of building can only be achieved by greater productivity. By using industrial methods of construction

2. Этап тренировки.

Read and translate the text

Nanotechnology is the use of very small particles of material either by themselves or by their manipulation to create new large scale materials. The size of the particles is very important because at the length scale of the nanometre, 10-9 m, the properties of the material actually become affected. The precise size at which these changes are manifested varies between materials, but is usually in the orderof 100 nm or less. Nanotechnology is not a new science and it is not a new technology. It is rather an extension of the sciences and technologies that have already been in development for many years and it is the logical progression of the work that has been done to examine the nature of our world at an ever smaller scale. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre. The recent developments in the study and manipulation of materials and processes at the nanoscale offer the tantalizing prospect of producing new macro materials, properties and products.

The construction business will inevitably be a beneficiary of this nanotechnology; in fact it is already in the fields of concrete, steel and glass. Concrete is stronger, more durable and more easily placed, steel tougher and glass self-cleaning. Increased strength and durability are also a part of the drive to reduce the environmental footprint of the built environment by the efficient use of resources. This is achieved both prior to the construction process by a reduction in pollution during the production of materials (e.g. cement) and also in service through efficient use of energy due to advancements in insulation.

Two nano-sized particles that stand out in their application to construction materials are titanium dioxide (Ti02) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The former is being used for its ability to break down dirt or pollution and then allow it to be washed off by rain water on everything from concrete to glass and the latter is being used to strengthen and monitor concrete. CNTs have many more properties, apart from exceptional strength, that are being researched in computing, aerospace and other areas and the construction industry will benefit directly or indirectly from those advancements as well.

Cost and the relatively small number of practical applications for now hold back much of the prospects for nanotechnology. However, construction also tends to be a fragmented, low research oriented and conservative endeavour and this plays against its adoption of new technologies, especially ones that appear so far removed from its core business. Materials are construction core business and the prospects for more changes are significant in the not too distant future. In fact, the researchers surveyed and predicted that many advances would arrive within five years. The sheer size and scope of the construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge. In order to capitalize on the effects of nanotechnology on the business, however, much more funding for construction related research, increased interdisciplinary working between researchers and communication between those researchers and industry is needed.

3. Этап речевой практики

Complete the sentences according to the Text.

1.   Nanotechnology is ____________________________ to create new large scale materials. The size of the particles is very important because _________________scale of the nanometre, ________, the properties of the material actually become affected

2.   Nanotechnology is _____________________ and it is not _______________. It is rather an extension of the sciences and technologies that have already been in development for many years and it is ______________________________________ to examine the nature of our world at an ever smaller scale.

3.   Concrete is ___________________ and more easily placed, steel tougher and glass self-cleaning.

4.   Two nano-sized particles that stand out in their application to construction materials are _____________________________________________.

5.   . Materials are ____________________________________ for more changes are significant in the not too distant future.

6.   The sheer ______________________ of the construction industry means that the accompanying economic impact will be huge.

7.   ______________________ on the effects of nanotechnology on the business, however_________________________for construction related research, increased interdisciplinary working between researchers and communication __________________________________ needed.

4.Заключительный этап. Подведение итогов. Мотивированное комментирование оценок .Рефлексия.

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