TRANSLATION

  PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING STYLISTIC DEVICES.

TASK 1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1.     What is stylistic approaches to translation?

 Stylistic Approaches to Translation is important aspect applying stylistics in translation studies. Firstly, in the actual process of translation, the way the style of the source text is viewed will affect the translator’s reading of the text. Secondly, because the recreative process in the target text will also be influenced by the sorts of choices the translator makes, and style is the outcome of choice (as opposed to those aspects of language which are not open to option), the translator’s own style will become part of the target text. And, thirdly, the sense of what style is will affect not only what the translator does but how the critic of translation interprets what the translator has done. Especially, scientists considers style in translation from at least four different viewpoints:

a) the style of the source text as an expression of its author’s choices;

b) the style of the source text in its effects on the reader (and on the translator as reader);

c) the style of the target text as an expression of choices made by its author (who is the translator);

d) the style of the target text in its effects on the reader.

2.     Tell the pun translation strategies

1) Pun to pun (pun rendered as pun): the ST pun is translated by a TL pun;

2) Pun to non pun (pun rendered as non-pun):  a non-punning phrase which may retain all the initial senses (non-selective non-pun), or a non-punning phrase which renders only one of the pertinent senses (selective non-pun), or diffuse paraphrase or a combination of the above;

3) Pun to related rhetorical device [pun rendered with another rhetorical device, or punoid (repetition, alliteration, rhyme, referential vagueness, irony, paradox etc), which aims to recapture the effect of the ST pun];

4) Pun to zero (pun rendered with zero pun): the pun is simply omitted;

     5) Pun ST = pun TT (ST pun copied as TT pun, without being translated);

     6) Non pun à pun (a new pun introduced): a compensatory pun is inserted, where there was none in the ST, possibly making up for ST puns lost elsewhere (strategy 4 where no other solution was found), or for any other reason;

7) Zero to pun (addition of a new pun): totally new textual material is added, containing wordplay as a compensatory device;

      8) Editorial techniques: explanatory footnotes or endnotes, comments in translator's forewords, 'anthological' presentation of different, complementary solutions.

3. What do you say about allusion translation strategies?

A) Proper name allusion translation strategies:

1) Retention of name (either unchanged or in its conventional TL form; with three subcategories:

a) use the name as such

b) use the name, adding some guidance

c) use the name, adding detailed explanation for example a footnote

2) Replacement of name by another (beyond the changes required by convention); with two subcategories:

a) replace the name by another SL name

b) replace the name by a TL name

3) Omission of name; with two subcategories:  

a) omit the name but transfer the sense by other means for example by a common noun  

b)omit the name and allusion together

B) Key phrase translation strategies:

1) Use of standard translation;

2) Minimum change that is a literal translation without regard to connotative or contextual meaning- there is thus no change that would aim specifically at the transfer of connotation;

3) extra-allusive guidance added in the text, where the translator follows his or her assessment of the needs of readers by adding information which the author with his or her source language view point did not think necessary; including the use of typographical means to signal that the material is performed;

4) The use of footnotes, endnotes, translator’s prefaces and other explicit explanations not slipped in the text but overtly given as additional information;

5) Simulated familiarity or internal making, that is, the additional of intra-allusive allusive –signallin features (marked wording or syntax) the depart from the style of the context, thus signaling the presence of borrowed words;

6) Replacement by a performed TL item;

7) Reduction of allusion to sense by rephrasal in other words, making its meaning overt and dispending with the allusive key phrase itself;

8) Recreation, using a fusion of techniques: creative construction of a passage which hints at the connotations of allusion or other special effects created by it;

9) Omission of the allusion

4. Do you know irony translation strategies?

1) ST irony becomes TT irony with literal translation

2) ST irony becomes TT irony with 'equivalent effect' translation

3) ST irony becomes TT irony by means of different effects from those used in ST (including the replacement of paralinguistic elements by other ironic cues)

 4) ST irony is enhanced in TT with some word / expression

5) ST ironic innuendo becomes more restricted and explicit in TT

6) ST irony becomes TT sarcasm (i.e. more overt criticism)

7) The hidden meaning of ST irony comes to the surface in TT (no irony in TT)

8) ST ironic ambiguity has only one of the two meanings translated in TT (there is no double-entendre or ambiguity in TT therefore)

9) ST irony is replaced by a 'synonym' in TT with no two possible interpretations

10) ST irony is explained in footnote in TT

11) ST irony has literal translation with no irony in TT

12) Ironic ST is completely deleted in TT

13) No irony in ST becomes irony in TT

5. Give examples for pun translation.

• You can tune a guitar, but you can't tuna fish. Unless, of course, you play bass." - Douglas Adams
• "Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana." - Groucho Marx
• "Hanging is too good for a man who makes puns; he should be drawn and quoted." - Fred Allen
• "Denial ain't just a river in Egypt." - Mark Twain
• "Atheism is a non-prophet institution" - George Carlin
• "I saw a documentary on how ships are kept together. Riveting!" - Stewart Francis.

6. Give examples for allusion translation.

1.     I met a man who was romantic and a true Romeo.

         Alludes to Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

2.     From J. K. Rowling’s series Harry Potter:

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. From J. K. Rowling’s series Harry Potter: many of the names in the Harry Potter universe are adapted from Greek myths or Arthurian Legend. The Sorcerer’s Stone is taken from the myth of the Philosopher’s Stone, which was believed to turn metals into gold and could give immortality to humans.

    3.Things became hard in her life, but she just kept swimming.

Alludes to Dory in Finding Nemo

    4.I know things may seem hard, but all you need is love

Alludes to “All You Need is Love” by The Beatles

7. Give examples for irony translation.

• A fire station burns down. ...
• A marriage counselor files for divorce. ...
• The police station gets robbed. ...
• A post on Facebook complaining how useless Facebook is. ...
• A traffic cop gets his license suspended because of unpaid parking tickets.
• A pilot has a fear of heights.

8. Do you know stylistic devices?

Stylistic devices make speeches, essays etc. more interesting and lively and help to get and keep  reader’s / listener’s attention.

Stylistic Devices:

Alliteration

Allusion

Anaphora

Antithesis

Hyperbole

Hypophora

Litotes

Metaphor

Metonymy

Narration Technique see: Points of view

Onomatopoeia

Parallelism

Parenthesis

Personification

Points of view

Repetition

Rhetorical Question

Simile

Synecdoche

Understatement

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