Урок как основная форма учебно-воспитательного процесса.

Урок как основная форма учебно-воспитательного процесса.

Важным компонентом деятельности является личностно-ориентированный подход в обучении студентов иностранному языку.

Воспитательный потенциал является специфической чертой урока иностранного языка. Воспитательные возможности заключены в трех сторонах урока. Прежде всего, в содержании используемых материалов, далее в методической системе обучения и, наконец, в личности учителя и его поведении.

Студент не просто рассказывает о чем-то, он высказывает свое мнение, свое отношение к предмету общения. Именно эта личностная акцентированность и является проводником, через который в сознание студента проникает воспитательное воздействие.

Значительный вклад в развитие идеи личностно-ориентированного образования внесли: В.А.Беликов, В.А. Караковский, В.В.Сериков и др. Основные идеи личностно-ориентированного обучения выражены в следующем: студент является носителем субъектного опыта; а учение как самостоятельный, индивидуальный, личностный источник развития; - направление развития строится от ученика к определению педагогических воздействий, способствующих его развитию.

Данный подход имеет существенные положительные стороны:

- направление на эффективность и  результативность;

- развитие студента - целью, результатом и критерием воспитания.

Таким образом, личностно-ориентированный подход является интегративным, вбирающим в себя идеи гуманно- личностного, культурологического, деятельностного подходов. Учитывая неодинаковые возможности и способности обучающихся, их различные планы на будущее и разные профессиональные стремления, допускаются разные уровни обучения: общеобразовательный и более углубленный - профильный, ориентированный на выбранную профессию и на продолжение образования в вузе.

 В соответствии с программой, в результате освоения дисциплины «Иностранный язык», обучающийся должен уметь общаться на профессиональные и повседневные темы, переводить иностранные тексты профессиональной направленности, самостоятельно совершенствовать устную и письменную речь, пополнять словарный запас и должен знать лексический и грамматический минимум.

Давайте рассмотрим, проанализируем текст “The two gifts”, в котором описывается ситуация, когда молодые муж с женой решают продать самое дорогое, что у них есть ради того, чтобы  сделать подарок друг другу. Здесь мы видим, готовность отказаться от самого ценного во имя любимого человека.

 

The Two Gifts

(After O’Henry)

Jim and Della were very poor. They lived in New York. In a small room on the top floor of a high building. Jim was twenty-two years old, Della was twenty-one.

Both husband and wife worked very hard, but there never was any money in the house; for all they got went to pay the grocer, the bother, and the baker. And the rent was $8 a week.

And yet they owned two treasures of which they were very proud. These treasures were—Jim’s gold watch, which he received from his father, and Della’s beautiful hair.

It was the eve of New-Year’s Day. Della wanted to give Jim a present. She counted her money. One dollar andeighty-sevencents. That was all she had. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. So she sat down on the sofa and wept. Suddenly she got up and went to the looking – glass. Her eyes shone brilliantly. Quickly she undid her hair. It reached below her knees and covered her like a cloak. And then she did it again quickly and nervously. She put on her old brown hat. Then she ran out of the door and down the stairs to the street.

She stopped before a sign and read the words: “M-me Sofranie. Hair goods of all kinds”. Then she entered the shop. She saw Madame sitting at the counter. She was fat and red cheeked.

“Will you buy my hair?”, asked Della. “Let me see it,” said Madame.

Della took of her hat and undid her hair.

“Twenty dollars”, said Madame, lifting the mass of Della’s golden hair with a practiced hand.

“Give me money”, said Della…

The next two hours were like a happy dream. Della hurried from shop looking for Jim’s present.

She found it at last. It was a watch chain for which she paid $21. And then she hurried home with the chain and the remaining 87 cents.

Jim was not at home. Della got out of curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work. In forty minutes her head was covered with tiny curls. She looked like a schoolboy. She said to herself: “I hope Jim not kill me. But what could I do – oh, what could I do with one dollar and 87 cents.

At seven o’clock the coffee was ready. Della sat waiting for Jim. She heard his steps on the stairs, and she turned white for just one moment. The door opened and Jim entered the room. He looked thin and very serious… and suddenly Jim stopped. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that terrified her.

“Jim, darling! She cried, “don’t look at me like that: I sold my hair because I wanted to give you present. My hair will grow again. It grows very fast. Say ‘A Happy New Year’, Jim, and let us be happy. You don’t know what a beautiful present I have for you”.

Jim sighed. He drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it on the table. “If you open that package, you will understand,” he said.

Della took off the paper and string. There lay the beautiful combs that Della saw in a Broadway shop window. Now they were hers, but her hair was gone.

Suddenly Della jumped and cried:

“Oh, Jim, I shall give you your beautiful present.” She held it out to him upon her open palm.

 “Isn’t it a beautiful chain? Give me your watch: I want to see how it looks on it.” Jim did not obey. He fell on the sofa and put his hands behind his head and smiled. “Della”, said he,” I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. It the coffee ready?”

Exercises

1.Переведите при помощи словаря.

 gift the top floor both … and work hard all they got grocer butcher baker

rent own treasure be proud eve suddenly

shine (shone, shone) undo (undid, undone) knee

cover

do up (did, done) nervously

sign hairgoods counter at last remain

curling irons tiny

curls look like hope

turn white be fixed expression terrify like that let us be sigh

draw (drew, drown) package

string

lie (lay, lain) comb

her hair was gone

hold out (held, held)

2.Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний. Они вам потребуются для последующего пересказа:

и муж, и жена много работали; золотые часы; золотистые волосы; канун Нового года; купить подарок; зеркало; она распустила волосы; она уложила их; надевать; она вошла в магазин; продать, купить; счастливый сон; искать подарок; через сорок минут; крошечные кудряшки; она была похожа на школьника; не смотри на меня так; они (волосы) растут очень быстро; он вынул пакет; красивые гребёнки; но у неё не было волос.

3.Переведите следующие предложения:

1.Джим и Делла были очень бедными.

2.И муж, и жена работали очень много.

3.Они владели двумя сокровищами: этими сокровищами были золотые часы и прекрасные золотистые волосы Деллы.

4.Был канун Нового года.

5.Делла хотела сделать подарок Джиму.

6.Она продала свои прекрасные волосы, чтобы купить ему цепочку для часов.

 7.Джим продал свои часы, чтобы купить ей красивые гребёнки, которые Делла видела в витрине магазина на Бродвее.

4. Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями. При необходимости исправьте неверные варианты. Используйте выражения:

1.Jim and Della lived on the ground floor a low building.

2.Jim was forty-three years old, Della was forty-one.

3.Jim and Della were brother and sister.

4.Jim was proud of his silver watch which he had got from his mother.

5.Della took off her new brown jacket and undid her hair.

6.Madam Sofronie was a young woman, thin and pale, she was standing at the counter when Della entered the shop.

7.Della sold her hair because she wanted to buy a new watch for Jim.

5.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Where did Jim and Della live?

2.How old was Jim and how old was Della?

3.Why was there never any money in the house?

4.What were their “treasures”?

5.What did Della want to give Jim?

6.Why did she weep?

7.What did Della do to get some money?

8.What did she buy?

9.What did she do when he came home?

10.What did she look like in forty minutes?

11.What did Della say when Jim saw her?

12.What did Jim buy for her?

13.Could she use the beautiful combs?

14.Why did Della want to see Jim’s watch?

15.Did Jim give her his watch? Why?

6.Перескажите текст:

1.от имени Деллы;

2.от имени Джим

Материалы регионоведения можно удачно использовать при обучении всем видам речевой деятельности на уроках английского языка. Формированию социокультурной компетенции способствует использование регионоведческих материалов в организации различных видов чтения.            Рассмотрим это на примере работы с научным текстом «Environmental pollution».

Nature is the source of Man’s life since ancient times. People lived in harmony with environment for thousands of year’s people and thought that natural riches were unlimited. The development of civilization increased man’s harmful interference in nature.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises pollute the air we breathe and the water we drink. Every year world industry pol­lutes the atmosphere with about 1,000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Beautiful old forests disappear forever. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear for­ever, a number of lakes and rivers dry up.

The pollution of air and destruction of the ozone layer are the results of man’s attitude towards Nature.

The protection of the environment is a universal concern. We must be very active to create a serious system of ecological security.

The rivers, seas and oceans are becoming seriously polluted; a similar situation is developing in the atmosphere. Many large cities suffer from air pollution.

To eliminate environmental pollution people should use good will and make considerable investments. Only joint efforts of many scientists and public organizations can deal with the problem.

1)        Match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column B to form a phrase.

A                                                                         B        

Various                                                                world

Environmental                                                     warming         

Serious                                                                ways

Disastrous                                                pollution         

Nuclear                                                                problem                      

Global                                                                 processes

beautiful                                                  weapons

2)        Decide which word is the odd one out in each line.

-        To pollute, to dirty, to damage, to cause;                  (to cause)

-        Air, pollution, water, soil;                                         (pollution)

-        To reduce, to increase, to lessen, to decrease;           (to increase)

-        Rubbish, weapons, litter, waste;                                (weapons)

3)        Find the names for the groups of words.

-        The soil, the water, the air …                                    (environment)

-        Fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals …                          (substances)

-        A car, a bicycle, a bus …                                                      ( the vehicle)

-        Scientists, engineers, teachers …                              ( people in charge)

4)        Guess the missing word.

-        … is something in or on which people or goods can be carried from one place to another.                                                                      (a vehicle)

-        … is a natural or chemical substance that is put into the soil to make crops grow better. (a fertilizer)

-        … is a chemical substance used to kill small animals or insects that harm the crops.  (a pesticide)

-        … is an illness which may cause death.                                           (a cancer)

-        … means to spread widely in all directions by throwing.                (to scatter)

5)        Match each word with its correct definition:

Waste, noise, illness, smoke.

a)     Used, damaged, or unwanted substance;

b)    Unhealthy state of the body or mind;

c)     Sound, especially unwanted or meaningless unmusical sound;

d)    Usually white, grey, or black gas produced by things burning;

6)        Put the words in the sentences in order, the first word is in italics.

1)    Can, highly, be, Radiation, dangerous.

2)    Should, Governments, laws, enforce?

3)    Should, Enterprises, activities, polluting, certain, reduce

 

7)        Make a sentence out of the two parts:

1)    At present one of the most important problems for mankind …     

2)    The rivers, seas and oceans …

3)    That purifying air, water and soil is changing from a national to a global problem …

4)    Therefore, it is necessary …

5)    Scientists expect that …

a) Are becoming seriously polluted by industry.

b) It is possible to eliminate air and water pollution by planned actions of human society as a whole.

c) Is that air and water pollution is reaching very large proportions.

d) Is evident to all.

f) To take measures to safeguard natural resources and the environment on a global scale.

Традиционное обучение личностно-ориентированному подходу ориентировано на чтение, понимание и перевод специальных текстов, включая изучение грамматических особенностей. Устная речь включает в себя аудирование и чтение, понимание и репродуктивное воспроизведение прослушанного или прочитанного как в устной (диалогической или монологической), так и в письменной форме.