Первый (школьный) этап
всероссийской олимпиады школьников по английскому языку
911 классы
20132014 учебный год
Reading I
Why do the Irish speak English?
By Fiana Griffen
Language identifies. ‘He speaks French so he is French.’ But the Irish speak English and
are certainly not English. When the Irish writer Samuel Beckett was asked whether he was
English, he answered ‘on the contrary’. Everyone agrees that the Irish are very unlike the
English. How did it come about that the Irish people speak a foreign language? Have they
no language of their own?
(1 _____ _____ ) The first official language of Ireland is Irish, but you could spend your
whole lifetime in Ireland and never hear anything but English in everyday conversation,
other than perhaps ‘slainte’ – the Irish toast. Public figures sometimes include a ‘cupla
focal’ – a few words – of Irish in their speeches. Out of a population of 3.6 million, no
more than 4 per cent still speak Irish daily, but Irish is a compulsory subject for school
children throughout their school years. What’s more, they must pass Irish in order to be
admitted to the National University of Ireland, or to work in the civil service and in many
other state jobs. Street names, signposts and destinations are all bilingual. The vast majority
of the population wishes to retain Irish in pride of place. So if they love the language so
much, why don’t the Irish speak Irish?
(2 _____ _____ ) The answers are found in history, which is largely determined by
geography. The Romans conquered most of the known world, but though they looked
across the sea to Ireland and claimed to be able to conquer it with one battalion, they never
did. The Germanic tribes who overran the mainland of Britain and laid the basis for modern
English didn’t bother to cross the Irish Sea. Norman warlords invaded England, then moved
on to Ireland in the twelfth century, but they were eventually assimilated into Irish culture
until they were ‘more Irish than the Irish themselves’.
(3 _____ _____) In the sixteenth century, King Henry VIII of England became concerned
that Ireland could be used as a ‘back door’ into England by France or Spain and feared it
could be persuaded to collaborate with his enemies. He decided that Ireland should conform
to England in every way and began a systematic conquest, continued by his daughter
Elizabeth I and succeeding monarchs. One of their priorities was the elimination of the Irish
language. Irish poets were jailed and a great number of manuscripts in Irish were destroyed.
(4 _____ _____ ) The struggle of ‘The Old Gaelic Order’ to survive lasted nearly 200
years, but by the end of the eighteenth century it was dead and the English victory was
complete. From that time on, all the affairs of the nation were conducted in English and
Irish became the language of the poor. The only book published in Irish was the Bible.
(5 _____ _____) Nowadays, the Irish continue to speak English and they learn Irish. There
is a famous Irish saying: ‘A country without a language is a country without a soul.’ The
Irish have two languages, their own which they hardly speak and English which is not
theirs, but by keeping the one and creatively using the other, perhaps they manage to hold
onto the soul of Ireland.
(Adapted from The World of English) I.
(10 points)
Read the text and match each part (1–5) with two statements (A–M). There are three
extra statements. Write your answers in the gaps after the numbers.
A The English language as it is today took its origin in the language of Norman invaders.
B The Irish were gradually deprived of not only their political independence, but also their
cultural heritage.
C The fact that Ireland is an island prevented some groups of people from entering its
territory.
D According to popular belief, the existence of their own language is crucial to the Irish
preserving their sense of identity.
E The end of the eighteenth century marks the death of the Irish language which was
replaced by English.
F It’s not easy to hear the Irish language spoken in Ireland, even if you stay there for quite
a long time.
G Irish stopped being an official language in Ireland about two centuries after the reign of
Queen Elizabeth I.
H The Irish appear to be able to cultivate their own culture despite the fact that they have
practically no language of their own.
I However few speakers of Irish there are, knowledge of this language in Ireland is
necessary to pursue some types of career.
J At one point of its history, Ireland came to be regarded as an area of potentially
dangerous political activity.
K Except for one book, there were no publications in Irish, and this proved that it was
turning into a dead language.
L As the Irish are extremely proud about their language, the geographical locations have
all their names in Irish.
M In contrast to the Romans and the Germanic tribes, the Normans conquered more than
just England.
Reading II
Welcome to SKIN DEEP – The art of the tattoo
While its meaning has varied from people to people and from place to place, tattooing has
most often served as a sign of social status, as a mark of one’s passage through life, or
simply as a way to beautify the body. Tattooing had existed for thousands of years before
England’s Captain Cook found it in the South Pacific in 1769, but it was his crew and other
merchant and naval seamen like him who soon spread the art to Europe and America.
[1] The close relationship between naval men and tattooing developed quickly after
Cook’s voyages to the South Pacific. At first, sailors’ tattoos were drawn by native
tattooists; then sailors began to tattoo each other aboard ship. Eventually, professional
tattoo shops, many of them established by former sailors, appeared in port cities around the
world. The practice became so entrenched among seamen that it is estimated that by the end
of the nineteenth century, 90 per cent of all sailors in the United States Navy had tattoos.
[2] By the second half of the nineteenth century, tattoos were still largely viewed as
shocking and frightful, the mark of a person exiled from society. Popular magazines of the time printed articles such as ‘The Savage Origin of Tattooing’ that linked tattooing with
cannibals, criminals and lunatics. However, by the dawn of the twentieth century, a number
of circumstances had arisen that together helped prompt the spread of tattooing. An electric
tattooing machine patented in 1891 allowed for easier, faster, and more decorative
tattooing. In Europe and America, fascination with the new and unusual grew as restrictive
Victorian social norms fell away. It was in this environment that tattoo artists set up shops
and made the art of tattooing available to the brave, the curious and the impulsive.
[3] Prejudice often influenced sailors’ choice of tattoo design. Roosters were
thought to protect sailors from drowning. The Christian cross tattooed on the feet was
thought to guard against shark attack. Yet another superstitious custom held that sailors
should be tattooed with the image of a dragon when they crossed the international date line.
While tattoo imagery was often superstitious in nature, getting tattooed was also a highly
practical decision: it increased the chance of a body being identified if lost overboard.
[4] Just as sailors brought the tattoo to America from exotic ports of call, the circus and
side show took the tattoo across the country. Circus and side show performers often wore
tattoos as a way of increasing their appeal to audiences and thus improving their earnings.
As early as 1884, carnivals, side shows, circuses and travelling fairs were advertising
tattooed performers among their acts. During the Depression, some tattoo artists who were
unable to support themselves, travelled with circuses and side shows. As the American
public lost interest in the carnival side show, many tattoo celebrities joined larger circuses
or opened their own tattoo parlours.
[5] During the American Civil War, patriotic themes became very popular. Tattoos
commemorating the battle between the Monitor and the Virginia (formerly the Merrimack)
and the Alabama and the Kearsarge began appearing on sailors’ chests and backs. Flags and
eagles became popular symbols. Tattoos also reflected the navy’s transition from sail to
steam.
Once regarded in the West as frightening and unpleasant, the tattoo has enjoyed
great popularity in our own culture in recent years. Everywhere we look today – movies,
advertisements, television – there are signs that people of all walks of life appreciate and
practise the art of the tattoo…
I. (5 points)
Read the article and match the paragraphs (1–5) with the headings (A–E).
A The Tattoo in the Circus and Side Show.
B Tattoo: the Mark of the Sailor
C Patriotic Symbols
D The Spread of Tattooing
E The Role of Superstition
II. (5 points)
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 Who were the first people to draw sailors’ tattoos?
2 What happened in 1891?
3 What tattoo was supposed to protect sailors against the attack of sharks?
4 Why did circus and sideshow performers wear tattoos?
5 What were the most popular tattoos during the Civil War?
Part 2 Use of English
I. (11 points)
For questions 111, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Department Stores
In 1846 an Irish immigrant in New York named Alexander Stewart opened a business
called the Marble DryGoods Palace. By (0) doing so, he gave the world something
completely new – the department store. Before this, no one (1) _______ tried to bring
together such a wide range of goods (2) _______a single roof. The business did very (3)
_______ . It expanded rapidly and soon had (4) ________ staff of two thousand. For
Stewart even that was not enough, (5) _______. In 1862 he moved to an eightstorey
building nearby, (6) ________ he renamed A.T. Stewart's Castiron Palace. It was, (7)
_______ for many years would remain, the largest shop in the world.
Others followed Stewart's example and soon there were stores (8) _____ his in many
major cities in the United States. We don't (9) ________ when people started calling
them department stores. The expression wasn't used in print (10) ________1893, when it
appeared in Harper's magazine, but the way that it is used there (11)_________ it clear that
it was already widely understood.
II. (10 points)
Choose the correct word to complete the phrasal verbs.
12. He lived ___ nothing but bread and water for three weeks.
a) in b) on c) at
13. The teacher handed the test papers ___ to the students.
a) out b) across c) down
14. It's starting to rain. Please bring ___ the laundry.
a) out b) off c) in
15. The barking dog scared ___ the burglar.
a) out b) off c) in
16. Jim asked Jane ___ on a date.
a) out b) off c) by
17. His new boss told him to shave ___ his beard.
a) out b) off c) down
18. Put ___ the kettle. Let's have a cup of tea.
a) in b) on c) down
19. If you are free tomorrow afternoon, please drop ___ for a visit.
a) in b) on c) up
20. Paula always comes ______ as very sincere.
a) out b) across c) down
21. Peter needs either to get a raise or to get a better job, because he can’t get ______ on his
current salary.
a) out b) by c) down
III. (9 points)
Match the following idioms to the correct definitions. Idiom
Meaning
22. butter someone up
23. have bigger (other) fish to fry
24. cool as a cucumber
25. full of beans
26. piece of cake
27. cream of the crop
28. take something with a pinch (grain) of
salt
29. cry over spilled milk
30. one smart cookie
IV. (9 points)
a) have a lot of (silly) energy
b) don’t consider something100% accurate
c) get upset over something that has
happened and cannot be changed
d) very easy
e) have more important things to do
f) very relaxed
g) the best
h) be extra nice to someone (usually for
selfish reasons)
i) a very intelligent person
For Questions 3139 read the text and then write the correct form of the word in
CAPITALS to complete the gaps.
Example: 0 __clearly__
Problems at School
Stephen Murray was (0) … going through a difficult CLEAR
(31) … . He had never managed ADOLESCENT
to gain the (32) … of his teachers at school. APPROVE He
ignored repeated (33) … to change his attitude or be expelled. WARN
He was widely considered to be an (34) … pupil INTELLIGENCE
who was wasting his (35) … by misbehaving in class. OPPORTUNE
His parents received regular (36) … about their son but in spite COMPLAIN of
their own experience of Stephen rebellious (37)… , it was BEHAVE
their (38) … that the school was as much BELIEVE
to blame as Stephen was for the (39) … that arose
from time to time. UNDERSTAND
Part 3
Sociocultural awareness (18.5 points, 0.5 points for each answer)
Match the US and the UK words:
USA
1. antenna
2. apartment building
UK
launderette
maize 3. ATM
4. baby carriage
5. bandaid
6. buddy
7. busy (phone line)
8. cafeteria
9. candy
10. check (restaurant.)
11. chopped beef
12. corn
13. crosswalk
14. dead end
15. flashlight
16. fries
17. gas
18. freeway
19. jelly
20. kerosene
21. laundromat
22. line
23. mail
24. movie theater
25. muffler
26. napkin
27. pants
28. parking lot
29. period
30. private school
31. résumé
32. sidewalk
33. soccer
34. store
35. trash/garbage can
36. truck
37. turn signal
public school
zebra crossing
bill
torch
mate
queue
car park
plaster
pavement
silencer
jam
paraffin
pram
CV
rubbish bin
trousers
engaged
sweets
motorway
indicator
petrol
cashpoint
block of flats
full stop
aerial
mince
shop
culdesac
lorry
serviette
football
cinema
post
chips
canteen
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
Олимпиада по английскому языку для 9-11 класса
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